Deck 28: Africas Decolonization and Independence

Question 1

Which of the following was true of African nations gaining independence from European colonization?

A)South Africa broke free in the early 1980s.
B)France held its colonies until the late 1960s.
C)Kenya was the first to win independence in 1957.
D)Britain eventually let even the white settler colonies go.
E)French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa achieved independence in 1958.

Answer 1

Britain eventually let even the white settler colonies go.

Question 2

What is considered one of the most significant problems facing Africa in the 21st century ?

A)The AIDS epidemic and other public health crises.
B)Overwhelming debt related to loans from the 1960s and 1970s.
C)Weak governments mired in corruption.
D)Women's exclusion from the political process.
E)The lack of foreign investment in economics.

Answer 2

The AIDS epidemic and other public health crises.

Question 3

Which of these does NOT contribute to Africa's frequent droughts?

A)Much farming is done on marginal lands subject to long cycles of frequent droughts.
B)Only about 10 percent of Africa's land is arable.
C)Overpopulation is a continent-wide problem.
D)The tropical rainforest is rapidly diminishing due to the need for lumber to export.
E)Leaders have recently been concentrating on the development of family farms.

Answer 3

Leaders have recently been concentrating on the development of family farms.

Question 4

By the 1970s, what was the status of most African governments?

A)The governments had become parliamentary monarchies.
B)The governments were communist dictatorships.
C)The governments had dissolved and anarchy reigned.
D)The governments had solidified their democratic institutions.
E)The governments had become single-party dictatorships.

Question 5

Why is 1960 referred to as a "miraculous year" for African countries?

A)The year 1960 saw worldwide revolutions in favor of independence from Western colonization.
B)South Africa was allowed free elections and  elected  Nelson Mandela.
C)More than half of the African continent gained their independence that year.
D)All of the former colonial possessions in Africa were granted their independence that year.
E)The World Bank forgave all the African countries' debts to foreign banks.

Question 6

Which of the following describes Nelson Mandela's contribution to Africa?

A)He fought for Kenyan independence.
B)He was elected president of South Africa.
C)He led the African continent to prosperity.
D)He opposed Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe.
E)He stopped the civil war in Ethiopia.

Question 7

In the early part of the 21st century, which nation has invested heavily in the African continent?

A)Russia
B)Saudi Arabia
C)Britain
D)China
E)the United States

Question 8

How did newly independent  African nations respond to decolonization?

A)They allowed Europeans who wanted to, to remain in the country.
B)They did not change the European-imposed borders, even though these were problematic.
C)They made an effort to reestablish the tribal kingdoms that had been in place when the Europeans arrived.
D)They usually chose leaders who had never lived in Africa during the colonial era.
E)They tried to hold on to the multiparty, democratic systems inherited from the Europeans.

Question 9

In African universities, the majority of higher degrees are issued in all of the following fields EXCEPT

A)law
B)engineering
C)humanities
D)foreign literature
E)education

Question 10

What event in the 1970s significantly affected the future of Africa?

A)Foreign aid stopped completely.
B)Military dictatorships began to proliferate.
C)The Mau Mau rebellion brought reprisals from European residents.
D)The first democratic government was overthrown.
E)The OPEC oil boycott caused oil prices to quadruple.

Question 11

Which of the following is most accurate about the Organization of African Unity (OAU)?

A)The OAU was the main benefactor of the Green Revolution in Africa.
B)The OAU increasingly took on the role of peacekeeper for the African continent.
C)The OAU succeeded in bringing about economic improvements throughout Africa.
D)The OAU was founded immediately after World War II to promote African independence.
E)The OAU became an elitist organization that left the poor to fend for themselves.

Question 12

What percentage of Africa's surface soil is suitable for crop cultivation?

A)10 percent
B)20 percent
C)50 percent
D)35 percent
E)18 percent

Question 13

During the years 1950 to 1965, about how many African countries came into existence?

A)2
B)35
C)100
D)10
E)20

Question 14

What is the leading cause of economic and social problems in Africa?

A)AIDS and HIV
B)surplus population
C)ecological imbalance
D)Islamic religious warfare
E)decline of tourist trade

Question 15

All of the following events in the 1980s brought about reduced domestic food stocks in Africa EXCEPT

A)Prolonged droughts in Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Sudan.
B)Sharp reduction in foreign aid.
C)The AIDS and HIV epidemic.
D)Civil wars in Sudan, Chad, Angola, Mozambique and Ethiopia.
E)Continued rapid increase in population.

Question 16

Which of these political entities was never tried in postcolonial Africa?

A)parliamentary constitution
B)military dictatorship
C)rule by consensus
D)absolute monarchy
E)democratic elections

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the highly touted Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)?

A)SAPs are used by dictatorial leaders to divert much needed funds to their own use.
B)Most recipients take the loans and never carry out the reforms.
C)The SAPs are one means of getting rid of power-hungry individuals in a few places.
D)The programs are helpful in countries that want to implement major reforms.
E)The SAPs are most useful to women who need startup money for new businesses.

Question 18

In the 21st century, who was the first woman elected to head an African state?

A)Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
B)Winnie Mandela
C)Wangari Maathai
D)Leymah Gbowee
E)Tawakkul Karmen

Question 19

What is the infant mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa?

A)There are no statistics for the infant mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa.
B)100 per 1000
C)500 per 1000
D)1 per 1000
E)7 per 1000

Question 20

After World War II, what was the overall shared vision of the new leaders regarding African nationalism?

A)the Green Revolution
B)equality with whites
C)a chicken in every pot
D)an Africa for Africans
E)immediate industrialization

Question 21

In Ke nya, the Land and Freedom Army were known as the ____________________ by the British.

Question 22

The fir st president of the first country freed in Africa was ____________________.

Question 23

M any African nations still lack an adequate supply of which occupation?

A)merchants
B)military leaders
C)union leaders
D)physicians
E)unskilled laborers

Question 24

____________________  is defined as a government consisting of thieves.​

Question 25

Which of the following best defines the term white settler colonies ?

A)A colony under the economic control of the former colonial power.
B)A colony where millions of people moved into towns and cities from the countryside.
C)A colony dominated by a single city within the states or societies.
D)A colony with significant minority of Europeans who immigrated after both world wars to improve their lives.
E)A colony with polices to acculturate the colonial subjects with the Western powers' language, history, and civilization.

Question 26

​Which of the African white settler colonies were the last to hold free elections?

A)​Eritrea
B)​Djibouti
C)​South Africa
D)​Angola
E)​Swaziland

Question 27

Which nation saw the development of the first military dictatorship in sub-Saharan Africa?

A)Algeria
B)Angola
C)Ghana
D)Nigeria
E)Somalia

Question 28

Most A frican governments seem to be relying on international health authorities to find a solution to ____________________ and bring it to Africa.

Question 29

Algeria, Kenya, Mozambique, Angola, and South Africa were referred to as ____________________ colonies.

Question 30

____________________ was a movement with Africans and African Americans reaching across the Atlantic and providing mutual support.

Question 31

All o f the following influenced the decolonization process EXCEPT

A)Discussion prior to 1945 by Western nations about self-determination.
B)The formation of the United Nations and acceptance of self-determination.
C)Nationalist movements among leaders in colonized areas.
D)Western-educated individuals from colonized areas.
E)The moral condemnation by the Catholic Church of colonialism.

Question 32

Although it failed in Africa, the ____________________ system was based on the British precedent of a parliamentary government with interplay of a majority party and a loyal opposition.

Question 33

All of the following were true of post-independent African governments EXCEPT

A)Leaders were Christian Africans educated in the West.
B)Most adopted the Westminster model type of government.
C)Democratic parliamentary governments gave way to monarchies.
D)Precolonial traditions of government made the multi-party system unworkable.
E)Foreign interests sometimes promoted the removal of democratically elected regimes.

Question 34

What led to the development of the Land and Freedom Army in 1952?

A)Africans in Kenya were denied use of their own lands in favor of white settlers.
B)Rebel armies were determined to overthrow colonial subjugation.
C)An African protest movement organized by international labor movement.
D)A nationalist movement to pressure colonial powers for self-determination.
E)A movement to demand representation in the colonial power's government.

Question 35

​Which of the following was true of African economic policies in the 1960s and 1970s?

A)​They experienced riots and demonstrations over dictatorial economic policies.
B)​They experienced economic policies based on Shari'a law.
C)​They listened to the Organization of African Unity on restructuring the economy.
D)​They became deeply in debt to the World Bank and private banks for loans.
E)​They used the Structural Adjustment Programs to restart their stalled economies.

Question 36

All of the following were true of Pan-Africanism EXCEPT

A)It began in the US and the Caribbean in the early 20th century.
B)It influenced the decolonization process.
C)It encouraged a sense of racial unity and strength.
D)Many of the African leaders shunned the movement.
E)It became international in scope by World War II.

Question 37

____________________  was founded in the 1960s as both a sounding board and a peacekeeping force in Africa.​

Question 38

Conditions set by international lenders to compel economic reforms by African governments in return for loans are termed  ____________________ .

Question 39

Robert M ugabe has established a virtual dictatorship in ____________________ in recent years.

Question 40

What was true of  most African countries' leaders in  th e first years of independence?

A)They attempted to return their countries to a more familiar tribal government.
B)They had collaborated with the colonial powers and were considered unfit.
C)They believed it was necessary to implement a dictatorship in the short term in order to have democracy later.
D)They had been educated in Europe and believed that only they were capable of ruling effectively.
E)They came from the minority tribes in their countries, and wanted to ensure that tribalism did not prevail again.

Question 41

Term for identification: Mau Mau

Question 42

Term for identification: Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Question 43

Describe the initial momentum toward independence in post-colonial Africa, including both external and internal factors.

Question 44

Term for identification: Green Revolution

Question 45

Compare and contrast at least three different nations in Africa including their experience with independence.

Question 46

What effect have population numbers had on African economic, political, and social issues since independence?

Question 47

Term for identification: kleptocracies

Question 48

Term for identification: Pan-Africanism

Question 49

Term for identification: white settler colonies

Question 50

Term for identification: Kwame Nkrumah

Question 51

Term for identification: Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)

Question 52

Term for identification: monoeconomies

Question 53

Describe how the African economy has evolved since independence including the use of agriculture, natural resources, and labor sources.​

Question 54

Describe the economic an d political problems faced by the diverse people of Africa. How have the African nations addressed these issues in the 21st century?

Question 55

Explain the key social issues in Africa since independence.

Question 56

Term for identification: World Bank