Deck 10: Aggression Antisocial Behavior

Question 1

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is an example of aggression?

A)A man committing suicide
B)A surgeon drilling into a person's head during brain surgery
C)A child calling her older brother with  cruel and hurtful names
D)A disgruntled employee fantasizing about punching his boss in the face

Answer 1

A child calling her older brother with  cruel and hurtful names

Question 2

Most social psychologists define aggression as an ____ and state ____.

A)intentional action; that the victim must be motivated to avoid it
B)intentional action; nothing about the victim
C)intentional or unintentional action; nothing about the victim
D)intentional thought or action; that the victim must be motivated to avoid it

Answer 2

intentional action; that the victim must be motivated to avoid it

Question 3

Which scenario illustrates instrumental aggression?

A)Rachel pushes Ted so that she can rush past him to catch a glass that is about to fall off the counter.
B)Rachel fantasizes about punching Ted, who has been getting on her nerves lately.
C)Rachel hits Ted, but only because Ted just hit her.
D)Rachel is thinking about planting drugs in Ted's desk at work so that she can get Ted fired and take over his job.

Answer 3

Rachel pushes Ted so that she can rush past him to catch a glass that is about to fall off the counter.

Question 4

Another term for instrumental aggression is ____. ​

A)proactive aggression
B)zero-sum aggression
C)self-defense
D)reciprocal aggression

Question 5

Thad is angry at his football coach for making him sit out the next game. He talks about his coach behind her back to the other players. Thad is displaying ____.

A)displaced  aggression
B)direct  aggression
C)indirect  aggression
D)instrumental  aggression

Question 6

The fact that violence and aggression appear to be decreasing over time are consistent with which theme of the book?

A)Nature says yes, culture says no
B)Nature says no, culture says yes
C)The bad is stronger than the good
D)The good is stronger than the bad

Question 7

Which situation is an example of hostile aggression? ​

A)Mr. W fantasizes about punching his enemy in the face.
B)Mr. X accidentally knocks his friend over a balcony.
C)Mr. Y intentionally humiliates an annoying co-worker.
D)Dr. Z gives a patient a painful injection.

Question 8

According to social psychologists, antisocial behavior refers to ____.

A)behavior that damages interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesirable
B)any aggressive behavior or violent behavior
C)any behavior that harms those who are close to the perpetrator
D)behavior that is aberrant is some way and that the perpetrator enacts alone

Question 9

Recent data on violence in the world suggests that ____.

A)it is increasing dramatically over time
B)it is the same in amount as it has always been
C)it is decreasing over time
D)it has become nonexistent

Question 10

Which scenario describes aggression, but not violence?

A)Gracie shoves a child who is taking too long to get a drink, causing the child to bump into the drinking fountain and split her lip.
B)Indira is angry that her brother got a bigger cookie than her, and deliberately trips him so she can take his cookie.
C)Marilyn is competitive and deliberately stomps on another child's feet when he runs faster than her.
D)Riley wants some computer time and, when her sister refuses to yield, hits her until she does.

Question 11

Violence is defined as ____ that ____ extreme harm, such as injury or death.

A)a type of aggression; has as its goal
B)a type of aggression; fails to cause
C)something different from aggression; is intended to cause
D)something different from aggression; results in

Question 12

Which example is LEAST INDICATIVE of antisocial behavior?

A)Maliciously gossiping about an enemy
B)Boxing in a professional boxing match
C)Refusing to leave the house or talk to anyone
D)Killing someone for money (as a "hit man" )

Question 13

Persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim is called ____.

A)bullying
B)cyberbullying
C)indirect aggression
D)displaced aggression

Question 14

Which statement is true of violence and aggression as defined in social psychology?

A)All aggressive acts are violent, and all violent acts are aggressive.
B)All aggressive acts are violent, but not all violent acts are aggressive.
C)Not all aggressive acts are violent, but all violent acts are aggressive.
D)Not all aggressive acts are violent, and not all violent acts are aggressive.

Question 15

Maureen is really frustrated that the contractor working on her house is taking so long. But she does not want to yell at him because she is worried he will not produce quality work for her if she does. Instead, she yells and snipes at her husband. In this scenario, Maureen displays ____.

A)displaced  aggression
B)violent  aggression
C)instrumental  aggression
D)proactive  aggression

Question 16

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is NOT an example of aggression?

A)A mafia "hit man" who kills for paychecks
B)A disgruntled employee who fantasizes about shouting at his boss
C)A woman who tries to backstab an ex-lover by sending a package of incriminating photos to his new girlfriend, but mistakenly sends the package to the wrong address
D)A boy who posts mean comments about a fellow classmate on Instagram

Question 17

The main difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression lies in ____. ​

A)the motive(s)of the aggressor
B)whether the aggressive act is violent or non-violent
C)the outcome of the aggressive act
D)the emotions of the victim(s)

Question 18

Some scholars have argued that it is difficult (if not impossible)to distinguish between reactive and proactive aggression because ____.

A)they both result in bullying and antisocial behavior
B)they are highly correlated and motives are often mixed
C)their motives are identical
D)they are not clearly defined

Question 19

The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)classifies ____ as violent crimes.

A)homicide, forcible rape, burglary, and robbery
B)homicide, assault, rape, and arson
C)homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, and robbery
D)homicide, robbery, assault, and sexual abuse

Question 20

Most social psychologists define aggression as ____.

A)any feeling, thought, or behavior that harms another person-regardless of intention and regardless of the other person's motivations
B)any feeling, thought, or behavior in which harm is intentionally rendered to another person and the other person is motivated to avoid harm
C)any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm
D)any behavior intended to harm another person-regardless of the other person's motivations

Question 21

Research suggests that people often learn to behave in particular ways based on modeling (observing and copying other's behaviors). Which statement best describes how aggressive and nonaggressive models work?

A)Aggressive models can increase aggressive behavior. However, nonaggressive models do not appear to have much impact on people ' s behavior.
B)Aggressive models can increase aggressive behavior, and nonaggressive models can decrease it.
C)Aggressive models do not appear to have much impact on people ' s behavior. However, nonaggressive models can decrease aggressive behavior.
D)Neither aggressive models nor nonaggressive models appear to have much impact on people ' s behavior.

Question 22

Which of the following is a well-known program of aggression research based on the social learning paradigm?

A)Richard Nisbett's "culture of honor" research
B)MuzaferSherif's "Robber's Cave" research
C)Philip Zimbardo's "Stanford prison" research
D)Albert Bandura's "Bobo doll" research

Question 23

Research on social learning theory and aggression suggests that aggressive models can influence people to behave more aggressively ____.

A)but only if the model is live (rather than filmed)
B)but only if the model's target is a real person (rather than a doll)
C)but only if the model is live (rather than filmed)AND the model ' s target is a real person (rather than a doll)
D)regardless of whether the model is live or filmed, and regardless of whether the model's target is a real person (rather than a doll)

Question 24

According to ____, people learn to behave aggressively in the same way that they learn other things-by direct experience and by observing others.

A)instrumental learning theory
B)social learning theory
C)relational aggression theory
D)the cultural relativity hypothesis

Question 25

The original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis was based on ____.

A)Freud ' s theories about aggression
B)social learning theory
C)behaviorist theories about aggression
D)evolutionary theories about aggression

Question 26

Albert Bandura's "Bobo doll" research provided support for ____.

A)the idea of catharsis
B)the frustration -aggression  hypothesis
C)social learning theory
D)the idea of displaced aggression

Question 27

Freud proposed that people have a primary human instinct as well as a death instinct. He called the latter instinct ____.

A)jocasta
B)eros
C)oedipus
D)thanatos

Question 28

Tina watches a film in which the main character yells at his mother when he does not get what he wants. Later that day, Tina yells at her mother in a similar way after failing to get something she wants. The process at play here, according to social learning theorists, is ____.

A)projection
B)monitoring
C)validation
D)modeling

Question 29

Freud regarded aggression as the "_____" to frustration.

A)cathartic approach
B)hostile expectation
C)modeled behavior
D)primordial reaction

Question 30

According to research on social learning theory, when people are presented with aggressive models, what happens?

A)They experience catharsis.
B)They show a decrease in prosocial behaviors and an increase in aggressive feelings and behaviors.
C)They experience catharsis and show an increase in aggressive feelings and behaviors.
D)They experience catharsis, show a decrease in prosocial behaviors, and show an increase in aggressive feelings and behaviors.

Question 31

The Freudian theory of aggression ____.

A)seems to be basically correct for describing hostile aggression, but does not account for instrumental aggression
B)seems to be basically correct for describing same-sex, competitive forms of aggression, but does not account for other forms of aggression
C)needs a major overhaul
D)is basically right, but did not go far enough in specifying how people decide whether or not to act upon aggressive impulses

Question 32

In his early writings, Freud proposed that humans have a constructive, life-giving instinct, which he called ____.

A)thanatos
B)eros
C)jocasta
D)ares

Question 33

Olivia watches several pornographic films and then-without even realizing it-imitates some of the behaviors from the films when she is with her boyfriend. The social learning process at play here is called ____.

A)projection
B)monitoring
C)validation
D)modeling

Question 34

According to ____, human motivational forces, such as sex and aggression, are based on instincts.

A)Richard Nisbett
B)Walter Mischel
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Albert Bandura

Question 35

What distinguishes bullying from other acts of aggression? ​

A)It is physical in nature.
B)It is social in nature.
C)It is persistent.
D)It is short-lived.

Question 36

Which statement is true of the human instinct for aggression?

A)There is no such thing.
B)Humans do seem to have an instinct for aggression, and culture seems to have little impact on it.
C)Humans do seem to have an instinct for aggression, and, in general, culture tends to feed that instinct and encourage even more aggression.
D)Humans do seem to have an instinct for aggression, but, in general, culture tends to curb that instinct and reduce aggression.

Question 37

Are humans instinctively violent? It would be most accurate to say that ____.

A)humans are naturally more or less nonviolent, and that society encourages violence
B)humans are naturally somewhat violent, but that society can significantly change and shape aggressive patterns
C)humans are naturally violent, and that society can ultimately have only a limited impact on levels of aggression
D)human aggression varies enormously across time and location-with some societies showing no violence at all and others showing large amounts of violence-and is therefore likely to be purely a product of culture

Question 38

In the initial conceptualization of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, frustration was defined as ____.

A)blocking or interfering with a goal
B)a mild form of anger
C)anything that reduced pleasure
D)anything that wounded a person's ego or sense of self-esteem

Question 39

Use of the Internet to pick on others is called ____.

A)identity theft
B)virtual littering
C)violence
D)cyberbullying

Question 40

Freud defined thanatos as ____.

A)suicidal thinking  in humans
B)a destructive, death instinct  in humans
C)any same-sex competitive activity
D)an aggressive personality type

Question 41

The tendency for people to perceive ambiguous actions by others as evidence of hostility is known as the ____.

A)hostile attribution bias
B)ultimate attribution error
C)fundamental attribution error
D)Type A attributional style

Question 42

What do most experts today say about the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A)Most agree that frustration always prompts aggression, but most also agree that aggression can occur in the absence of frustration.
B)Most agree that aggression always arises from frustration, but most also agree that frustration does not always lead to aggression.
C)Most agree that frustration and aggression are strongly linked, but most disagree with the idea that one always involves the other.
D)Most agree with the hypothesis in full.

Question 43

Research suggests that male rats who are under stress respond with the fight or flight syndrome, whereas female rats respond with the tend and befriend syndrome. Does the same pattern hold true for humans?

A)In general, yes, this pattern holds true for humans.
B)In general, no-men and women show a mix of both syndromes.
C)In general, no-women show the same fight or flight syndrome as men.
D)In general, no-men show the fight or flight syndrome while women show a simple tendency for flight.

Question 44

What is appetite aggression?

A)Aggression that is motivated by the blockage of or interference with a personal goal
B)Aggression that results from being in a bad mood
C)Aggression that is motivated, in part or whole, by an intrinsic enjoyment of the aggressive act
D)Aggression that involves intentionally harming another person's feelings of acceptance or inclusion within a group

Question 45

Research on aggression in toddlers and young children suggests that this group resorts to aggression to resolve conflicts ____. ​

A)more than any adolescent or adult group (e.g., even criminal or gang groups)-but does not end up committing many extremely violent crimes
B)more than any adolescent or adult group (e.g., even criminal or gang groups)-and ends up committing many extremely violent crimes
C)much less than adolescent or adult groups-and does not end up inflicting much damage or committing many extremely violent crimes
D)much less than adolescent or adult groups-but ends up committing many extremely violent crimes

Question 46

What is MOST accurate about cyberbullying?

A)The perpetrator uses the tend and befriend tactic.
B)The perpetrator does not use relational aggression.
C)The perpetrator cannot know the victim.
D)The perpetrator can be anonymous.

Question 47

Roger overhears loud voices in the apartment next door and immediately assumes that his neighbors are engaged in a domestic battle. He then talks on the phone with his friend Lamont and learns that his friend had a very bad day: Lamont lost his job AND discovered a large dent in his car. Roger jumps to some quick conclusions. "Someone is trying to attack you," he advises Lamont. "They dented your car on purpose. It is probably no accident that you lost your job this week either; someone there is out to get you!" Roger's quick assumptions about others' intentions indicate a ____.

A)Type A attributional bias
B)hostile expectation bias
C)hostile perception bias
D)fundamental attribution error

Question 48

The tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as evidence of hostility is ____.

A)common among non-human animals, but rare among humans
B)the norm among both humans and non-human animals and probably something that is genetically hardwired
C)probably uniquely human, because other animals do not have the mental hardware to make complex attributions
D)unique to people with antisocial personality disorder

Question 49

Females are more likely than males to engage in ____.

A)physical  aggression
B)indirect  aggression
C)direct  aggression
D)relational  aggression

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of social aggression?

A)A 10-year-old girl refusing to speak to a classmate out of jealousy
B)A 10-year-old boy shoving a classmate for taking his ball
C)A 30-year-old man punching his wife
D)A 30-year-old woman littering

Question 51

The idea that people use aggression as a way to relate to others highlights the ____ nature of aggression. ​

A)antisocial
B)social
C)direct
D)indirect

Question 52

What will ALWAYS lead to aggression?

A)Frustration (but not anger)
B)Anger (but not frustration)
C)Both frustration and anger
D)Neither frustration nor anger

Question 53

The main difference between the hostile perception bias and the hostile attribution bias is that the former concerns ____ while the latter concerns ____. ​

A)events external to you as well as events that occur to you; just events that occur to you
B)emotions; cognitions
C)sensory experiences; interpretations of information
D)what might happen in the future; what has already happened

Question 54

When male rats are under stress, they respond by either fighting or running away (i.e., with the fight or flight syndrome). By contrast, female rats respond with ____.

A)the right or flight syndrome
B)the tend and befriend syndrome
C)flight only
D)a tendency to hide

Question 55

Jayson is eating lunch alone at a restaurant. He sees two people talking animatedly and interprets it as arguing. Jayson is exhibiting the ____.

A)hostile attribution bias
B)hostile perception bias
C)hostile expectation bias
D)indirect expectation bias

Question 56

Consider the hostile attribution bias, the hostile perception bias, and the hostile expectation bias. People who are characteristically aggressive tend to show ____ more than people who are not.

A)just the first bias
B)all three biases
C)just the third bias
D)just the first and third biases

Question 57

Jayson accidentally bumped into a guy as he was walking down the street. He anticipates that the fellow will assume the bump was on purpose and will react aggressively. Jayson is exhibiting the ____ bias.

A)hostile attribution
B)hostile perception
C)hostile expectation
D)indirect expectation

Question 58

Just as Evelyn reached the bus stop, her bus pulled away. "I knew it," she muttered to herself, "the bus driver hates me." Just as she reached the lobby at work, the elevator doors were closing. "My co-workers probably saw me but let the doors close anyway," she thought. Later that day, she encountered some problems with her computer. "I bet someone was messing with my computer," she thought, "probably trying to make me screw up and look bad. Grrr." Based on these incidents, it appears that Evelyn has a ____.

A)hostile attribution bias
B)Type A attributional style
C)tendency to make the ultimate attribution error
D)hostile expectation bias

Question 59

Jayson is walking down a busy sidewalk, when someone going the opposite direction bumps into him. Jayson thinks the person meant to bump him to be rude. Jayson is MOST clearly exhibiting the ____.

A)hostile attribution bias
B)hostile expectation bias
C)hostile perception bias
D)indirect perception bias

Question 60

The tend and befriend syndrome is ____.

A)a female pattern of responding to general stress
B)a style of responding to aggressive threats that is often taught in anger-management therapies
C)a style of responding to aggressive threats that is characteristic of some (non-human)animals when confronted by dominant opponents
D)a general orientation toward others that many people take on when encountering new, ambiguous situations

Question 61

Sexually coercive men tend to ____.

A)have low self-esteem
B)have narcissistic personality patterns
C)have alcohol or substance-related disorders
D)have erectile dysfunctions

Question 62

Which of the following is an idea perpetrated by popular culture but NOT supported by research?

A)Rates of violence can be affected by diet (what you eat).
B)Drinking alcohol is associated with increased aggression.
C)Men engage in domestic violence more frequently than women.
D)Violence in the media contributes to aggression in children.

Question 63

Which of the following is true of domestic violence?

A)It is mainly men who report incidents of domestic violence to the police.
B)Women attack their relationship partners slightly less often than men do.
C)Women in committed relationships are especially at risk of suffering domestic violence.
D)Men are also victims of domestic violence, although it is often underreported.

Question 64

Research on the weapons effect shows that this effect occurs ____.

A)only when human beings are very good at quickly identifying potential threats, like spiders and snakes
B)even if you are not consciously aware of the fact that you have seen a gun
C)when a "bad guy" (criminal)is holding a gun but not when a "good guy" (police officer, soldier)is holding a gun
D)only for people who are already angry and aggressive

Question 65

The weapons effect refers to ____.

A)increase in aggression that occurs merely due to the presence of a gun
B)the destructive, death instinct as described by Freud
C)the blockage of or interference with a personal goal
D)a psychological process that occurs when emotional reactions to a stimulus decrease

Question 66

Which conclusion is MOST accurate regarding the research on violence in the mass media and aggression?

A)The use of weapons in the mass media is also increasing over time.
B)There is a relationship between violent media and aggression, but it has not shown causality.
C)That there is a relationship between violent media and aggression for men but not women.
D)Conclusions are mixed; a clear relationship between violent media and aggression  has not been found.

Question 67

Is domestic violence a recent phenomenon? Is it on the rise or on the decline?

A)Domestic violence is a recent phenomenon but increasingly rejected by cultural norms and laws.
B)Domestic violence is a recent phenomenon that is apparently on the rise.
C)Domestic violence is a phenomenon with a long history but increasingly rejected by cultural norms and laws.
D)Domestic violence is a phenomenon with a long history and apparently now on the rise.

Question 68

Among the following, which woman is MOST LIKELY to be at risk of suffering from domestic violence based on known trends?

A)Leah, who has been married to Jacob for 30 years
B)Rachel, who has been married to Mark for one year
C)Eve, who is engaged to Seth
D)Phoebe, who is living with her boyfriend

Question 69

John is worried about his young daughter, who has been repeatedly getting into physical fights with her classmates. Her class teacher has complained several times and has even threatened to have John's daughter suspended from school. She suggests that John monitor his daughter's actions at all times. John notices that his daughter spends a lot of her time playing a popular video game, which is full of characters gunning each other down. In this scenario, which of the following is the most likely cause of his daughter's aggressiveness?

A)Modeling
B)Desensitization
C)The weapons effect
D)Domestic violence

Question 70

Which scenario BEST exemplifies the weapons effect?

A)A reporter goes to a gun show to cover a story for the local paper. On the way home, he stops for lunch and eats his food greedily.
B)A gun owner acts tougher and colder after discarding her gun at home.
C)A criminal notices a man put his hand in his pocket and assumes that the man is concealing a gun.
D)A country learns that its enemy is experimenting with nuclear technology and withholds foreign aid.

Question 71

Research on sexually coercive men suggests that these men ____.

A)tend to lack basic social skills and dating skills
B)have high sexual motivation and place high emphasis on sexual conquests
C)tend to have extremely low self-esteem
D)tend to be homosexuals but vehemently deny their homosexual feelings

Question 72

The National Health and Social Life Survey found that between ____ of women had been forced into some sexual activity against their will.

A)1% and 2%
B)7% and 12%
C)15% and 22%
D)20% and 28%

Question 73

The risk of domestic violence for single women (women who are divorced, separated, co-habiting, or never married)is approximately _____ the risk for married women. ​

A)three times higher than
B)the same as
C)half as high as
D)one-tenth as high as

Question 74

Fatema, a high school student, is receiving hateful messages from an anonymous sender in her Facebook Messenger inbox. The messages attack her for her religious beliefs and for being skinny. Fatema gets around 100 messages each day. She feels harassed because she cannot identify the sender and report him or her. The trauma causes her to lose focus on her studies. She also becomes withdrawn and prefers to spend her time staying indoors. In this scenario, Fatema is a victim of _____.

A)desensitization
B)domestic violence
C)psychological reactance
D)cyberbullying

Question 75

Given the research on violence in the mass media and viewer aggression, which conclusion is MOST accurate?

A)Violent media can have serious, long-term impacts in terms of increasing aggressiveness in viewers.
B)Violent media can have mild, short-term impacts in terms of increasing aggressiveness in viewers, and may or may not have more serious or longer-term impacts.
C)Exposure to violent media is one of the most difficult risk factors to alter in terms of preventing aggression.
D)Violent media seem to increase some forms of aggression among people who are already prone to aggression, but to have little or no impact on people who are not already prone to aggression.

Question 76

Are parents who were abused in childhood more likely to abuse their own children?

A)Yes-most abused children grow up to be abusers, while most non-abused children do not.
B)Yes-although most abused children do NOT grow up to be abusers, they are more likely to become abusers than non-abused children.
C)No-there are no differences between the two groups.
D)The answer is unknown-although this issue has been discussed at length in the popular media, there have still not been well-controlled studies that would allow for a solid test of the hypothesis.

Question 77

Tiffany and Joshua are in a loving relationship and have recently become engaged. Tiffany is happy to kiss Joshua and perform oral sex, but she is not comfortable with intercourse. However, Joshua feels that he deserves to get sex and pressures Tiffany to sleep with him, arguing that he "can't just stop once he is aroused." Based on this scenario, which of the following statements about sexual aggression is true?

A)Joshua is right in demanding intercourse because he needs to maintain his reputation in his peer group.
B)Joshua is well within his legal rights to demand sex from Tiffany since they are engaged.
C)Since Tiffany is in love with Joshua, she is morally wrong to withhold sex from Joshua.
D)Even if Tiffany has agreed to kissing and oral sex, it is a crime for Joshua to coerce Tiffany into having sex.

Question 78

Incidents in which males coerce females into having sex are fairly common, and can have serious, traumatic consequences for victims. How do such incidents compare to cases in which females coerce males into having sex?

A)These cases are also fairly common, with equally traumatic consequences.
B)Surveys suggest that these cases occur but have less traumatic consequences than what female rape victims suffer.
C)These cases are extremely rare, but have equally traumatic consequences when they do occur.
D)These cases are extremely rare, and have less traumatic consequences.

Question 79

Research on domestic violence indicates that being an abusive spouse is ____ to being an abusive parent, and that being a victim of child abuse ____ to being an abusive parent in adulthood.

A)related; may or may not be related
B)related; is unrelated
C)unrelated; is related
D)unrelated; may or may not be related

Question 80

A reporter goes to a gun show to cover a story for the local paper and is inundated by the sight of guns. On the way home, he stops for lunch. Here he finds himself acting aggressively and rudely with the waiter. Which concept BEST explains his behavior?

A)Thanatos
B)Triggered displacement
C)The weapons effect
D)Displacement