Deck 12: The Prison Experience and Prisoner Reentry

Question 1

_____ is imposed when a person behaves in a manner that is contrary to the values of the dominant social group.

A) Furlough
B) Discipline
C) Revocation
D) Lockdown

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The most effective substance abuse programs for prisoners require:

A) vocational training.
B) expert legal advisors.
C) solitary confinement.
D) community aftercare.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The Hispanic inmates in a prison in America have resorted to extreme violence against white American inmates as well as prison authorities. They have resorted to violence as the prison authorities often discriminate against them and deprive them of basic amenities. The situation at the prison is beyond the control of the authorities. The situation in the given scenario best exemplifies a(n):

A) lockdown.
B) furlough.
C) riot.
D) intercession.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Humboldt State University's Lee H. Bowker, one of the reasons for violent behavior in prisons is that it:

A) controls inmate misconduct.
B) helps unravel the social structure in the prison society.
C) generates more respect for attributes such as intelligence.
D) serves as a means of acquiring material goods.

Question 5

According to Leo Carroll, which of the following aspects of an inmate's life is determined by race?

A) Parole grant
B) Cell location
C) Jail time
D) Sentence severity

Question 6

According to sociologist John Irwin, which of the following is a pattern of inmate behavior?

A) Disorganized criminals establish themselves in the power structure of prison culture.
B) Inmates with low levels of intelligence easily adapt to prison culture on any level.
C) Professional criminals adapt to prison by "doing time."
D) Juvenile delinquents take advantage of prison resources by "gleaning."

Question 7

Unlike bank tellers, prisoners cannot:

A) have meaningful interactions with outside communities.
B) be granted any constitutional rights.
C) develop their own argot for gangs in a total institution.
D) obtain parole for misdemeanor charges.

Question 8

In the context of adapting to prison society, jailing refers to:

A) establishing oneself in the power structure of prison culture.
B) doing whatever is necessary to speed up one's release and return to freedom.
C) adapting to prison life by remaining on the fringes of prison society.
D) working to improve oneself to prepare for a return to society.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of prison programs?

A) They help inmates improve their health and skills.
B) They are a type of probationary measure.
C) They help inmates fight for their constitutional rights.
D) They are offered only in federal prisons.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of prison violence?

A) Prison violence serves as an outlet for racial tension.
B) Rapes in prisons are committed primarily for sexual reasons.
C) Juvenile delinquents are not subjected to prison violence.
D) Prison violence is a means of acquiring parole.

Question 11

Prison gangs engage in illegal economic activities such as _____ within prisons.

A) gambling
B) assault
C) burglary
D) arson

Question 12

In a prison, _____ are responsible for policing and transporting inmates.

A) coroners
B) bailiffs
C) sergeants
D) lieutenants

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of prison rape?

A) It generally involves the victimization of inmates who are at the top of the prison power structure.
B) It primarily involves the victimization of inmates who are violent offenders.
C) It is accepted by some inmates in return for protection from other inmates.
D) It is primarily an act of sex.

Question 14

Which of the following is a punitive measure taken by prison officials against prison gangs and security threat groups (STGs)?

A) Waterboarding prison inmates
B) Putting gang members along with the general prison population
C) Withholding all constitutional rights
D) Delaying parole eligibility

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of inmates?

A) They refrain from forming gangs within the prison.
B) They create an economy based on barter.
C) They avoid using violence to determine power within the prison.
D) They create an existence that is dependent on the outside world.

Question 16

Collective violence in prison is:

A) the leading cause of recidivism.
B) primarily a reaction to additional reductions in freedom for inmates.
C) primarily a means of establishing a warden's power over inmates.
D) the sole means of rehabilitating incarcerated criminals.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of prison gangs?

A) The primary focus of prison gangs is age rather than race.
B) They are prevalent only in Californian prisons.
C) They are a natural result of life in the modern prison.
D) The social structure of correctional facilities is unaffected by prison gangs.

Question 18

Harold is in prison for drug abuse. While in prison, he is trained to repair automobiles. This type of training is referred to as _____.

A) sensitivity training
B) vocational training
C) technical training
D) legal training

Question 19

Which of the following is often the cause of inmate-on-inmate violence?

A) Parole grants
B) Gang affiliation
C) Reintegration
D) Diversion

Question 20

In prison, inmates develop their own _____, or way of speaking.

A) lingua franca
B) argot
C) communio bonorum
D) venire

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of female correctional officers?

A) Evidence suggests that their presence in men's prisons increases prison violence.
B) Prison inmates feel that female correctional officers are not competent.
C) They are restricted to correctional facilities for women.
D) They exhibit calm and cool in pressurized situations.

Question 22

Compared with men's prisons, women's prisons:

A) typically have educated and employed inmates.
B) have extremely low levels of race-based, gang-related physical aggression.
C) bear little relation to life on the outside.
D) have inmates who are mostly over the age of forty.

Question 23

Which of the following is a function of the anger and depression female inmates experience due to being separated from their children?

A) Tokenism
B) Drug use
C) Physical abuse
D) Sexual assault

Question 24

Officers who hold the positions of administrative building assignments _____.

A) supervise cell blocks
B) ensure that inmates follow the rules of the facility
C) provide security at prison gates
D) spend their shifts in silent posts high above the grounds of the facility

Question 25

Unlike in men's prisons, for female inmates at Massachusetts Correctional Institution (MCI), Framingham, the most treasured contraband items are:

A) books.
B) weapons.
C) clothes.
D) drugs.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of solitary confinement?

A) It reduces the occurrence of recidivism.
B) It is used as a form of preventive detention for inmates.
C) It does not affect the mental health of prisoners.
D) It is not applicable to gang members.

Question 27

Unlike female prisoners, male prisoners:

A) tend to create a violent environment that bears little relation to life on the outside.
B) prefer to recreate their outside identities by forming social networks that resemble the traditional family structure.
C) have a history of physical or sexual abuse.
D) typically have a history of unemployment.

Question 28

The _____ is the unwritten judicial policy that favors noninterference by the courts in the administration of prisons and jails.

A) doctrine of lapse
B) "don't ask, don't tell" policy
C) "hands-off" doctrine
D) "malicious and sadistic" standard

Question 29

Which of the following is a difference between male offenders and female offenders?

A) Female offenders are much less likely than male offenders to have committed a violent offense.
B) Most female inmates are over the age of forty, whereas most male inmates are under the age of forty.
C) Female offender are much less likely than male offenders to have been victims of physical abuse.
D) Male inmates rely on social networks, whereas female inmates tend to create an environment that bears little relation to life on the outside.

Question 30

In a prison in America, an inmate was severely injured from an electric shock caused by a loose wire. The prison warden was aware that the loose wire could harm the inmates but failed to fix the issue. In this scenario, the warden can be charged of violating the inmate's Eighth Amendment rights on the basis of _____.

A) deliberate indifference
B) plausible deniability
C) double jeopardy
D) double marginality

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of block officers?

A) They provide security at prison gates.
B) They perform security functions in workshop programs.
C) They are responsible for the well-being of inmates.
D) They oversee small groups of inmates as they perform their tasks.

Question 32

Courts have found that the "legitimate security interests" of a prison or jail justify the use of force when:

A) a correctional officer is preventing the destruction of property.
B) a probationer fails to report to the probation officer.
C) a parolee fails to appear for the parole grant hearing.
D) a parolee commits a technical violation.

Question 33

In 1984, the Supreme Court ruled that arbitrary searches of prison cells are allowed under the Fourth Amendment because inmates _____.

A) are subject to double jeopardy
B) have no constitutional rights
C) have no reasonable expectation of privacy
D) are at the mercy of unscrupulous wardens

Question 34

Prison administrators refused to hire women as correctional officers in men's prisons for many years because:

A) female correctional officers did not want to be in the vicinity of male criminals.
B) they believed that women were not physically strong enough to subdue violent male inmates.
C) females were not allowed by the law to serve in male prisons.
D) they felt that hiring female officers would cause friction among the male correctional officers.

Question 35

Identify a true statement about female correctional officers.

A) They are not as competent as their male counterparts.
B) They are restricted to correctional facilities for women.
C) Many of them work in constant close contact with male inmates.
D) Evidence suggests that their presence in men's prisons increases prison violence.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true of early women's prisons?

A) They had jail cells with reinforced steel bars.
B) They lacked facilities to prepare inmates for a return to society.
C) They focused on rehabilitation.
D) They lacked nurseries for the inmates' young children.

Question 37

Which of the following is a similarity between correctional officers and highway patrol officers?

A) Both address matters of public conduct.
B) Both go easy on wrongdoers for minor violations.
C) Both avoid the use of disciplinary committees.
D) Both can impose solitary confinement as a punitive measure.

Question 38

Which of the following characteristics is typical of female inmates?

A) They have a history of unemployment.
B) They are mostly incarcerated for violent crimes.
C) They outnumber male inmates by approximately twelve to one.
D) They are more likely than male inmates to have been abused at some point in their lives.

Question 39

Yard officers:

A) act as liaisons for civilians.
B) handle administrative tasks such as processing paperwork.
C) are primarily responsible for ensuring that inmates are on time for workshop programs.
D) are required to be on alert for breaches in prison discipline.

Question 40

According to the "identifiable human needs" standard created by the Supreme Court, which of the following is a basic need?

A) Exercise
B) Recreation
C) Books
D) Relationships

Question 41

The socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison culture is known as reintegration.

Question 42

The process through which criminal activity decreases and reintegration into society increases over a period of time is known as recidivism.

Question 43

Prison programs give inmates a better chance of reintegration into society after release.

Question 44

In its Wilson decision, the Supreme Court created the "identifiable human needs" standard for determining Eighth Amendment violations.

Question 45

Greta was found guilty of murdering her husband. However, she was released from prison, and her criminal record was erased from records as the governor revoked Greta's conviction on the grounds that she was a victim of severe domestic violence. The given scenario best exemplifies a _____.

A) furlough
B) subpoena
C) writ
D) pardon

Question 46

Civil confinement laws do not allow corrections officials to lock up sex offenders in noncorrectional facilities.

Question 47

Identify a true statement about sex offenders.

A) Their reintegration into society is smooth.
B) Their rearrest rates are among the highest for all offenders.
C) They are exempted from supervision by parole officers.
D) They are required to undergo psychiatric treatment.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true of halfway houses?

A) They are maintained by prison wardens.
B) They provide a more institutionalized living environment than prisons.
C) They are responsible for high rates of recidivism among former inmates.
D) They can be tailored to the needs of former inmates.

Question 49

Women are not allowed to work as correctional officers in men's prisons.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of sex offenders?

A) Their reintegration into society is smooth.
B) They are exempted from supervision by parole officers.
C) They are allowed to avoid psychiatric treatment.
D) Their rearrest rates are among the lowest for all offenders.

Question 51

Work detail supervisors process the paperwork when an inmate is transferred from another institution.

Question 52

Unlike rehabilitation, reentry:

A) increases the occurrence of recidivism.
B) focuses on an individual offender.
C) encompasses a released convict's relationship with society.
D) is one of the basic theoretical justifications for punishment.

Question 53

_____ refers to the release of an inmate from prison at the end of his or her sentence without any further correctional supervision.

A) Furlough
B) Parole
C) Expiration release
D) Probation release

Question 54

Which of the following is a reentry issue faced by inmates?

A) Recidivism
B) Tokenism
C) False flagging
D) Double jeopardy

Question 55

The most dramatic step taken by criminal justice authorities to protect the public from sex crimes involves _____.

A) sex offender reentry programs
B) life sentences for sex offenders
C) sex offender registries
D) half houses

Question 56

Nearly a third of correctional facilities offer_____, in which prisoners nearing the end of their sentences are given permission to work at paid employment in the community.

A) work release programs
B) vocational programs
C) furlough
D) expiration release

Question 57

When a mother is incarcerated, her children are most likely to live with their father.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of civil confinement of sex offenders?

A) It allows corrections officials to lock up sex offenders in correctional facilities even after the conclusion of their prison terms.
B) It is not one of the discretionary powers of the state and has to be sanctioned by a federal court on a case-to-case basis.
C) It allows corrections officials to keep sexual criminals detained for as long as they are deemed a danger to society.
D) It does not allow correction officers to lock up sex offenders in facilities such as psychiatric hospitals.

Question 59

In California's Soledad Prison, Mexicans raised in Texas are called Chicanos.

Question 60

Researchers have found that women prisoners prefer to recreate their outside identities by forming social networks that resemble high school cliques.

Question 61

Describe the culture that is prevalent in women's prisons.

Question 62

Discuss the issues of race and ethnicity in prisons.

Question 63

Explain the use of force as a disciplinary measure in prisons.

Question 64

Discuss recidivism in sex offenders.

Question 65

Briefly explain the problems associated with mothers who are incarcerated.