Deck 3: Community Corrections Diversion and Probation

Question 1

The philosophy driving community-based corrections is:

A)rehabilitation
B)reintegrative
C)restitution
D)reactive

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What jurisdiction was the first to implement probation as a form of criminal sanction?

A)Georgia
B)California
C)Massachusetts
D)Texas

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the:

A)Community Shares Act
B)Intergovernmental Agreement Act
C)Community Corrections Act
D)Local Community Crimes-Based Act

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If the rules of probation are not followed by the probationer, probation can be:

A)extended.
B)changed to include harsher rules.
C)revoked.
D)all of these choices.

Question 5

What is the practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state?

A)banishment
B)judicial reprieve
C)probation
D)recognizance

Question 6

Which of the following is Not a goal of diversion today?

A)avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration
B)providing a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from
C)dealing with the punitively oriented alternative
D)providing a "more justifying justice" for victims and communities

Question 7

Why are so many probationers HIV positive?

A)high rates of injection drug use
B)risky sexual behavior
C)both a and b
D)none of these

Question 8

The ____________________   is a  correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible.

A)reintegrative philosophy
B)reintegrative shaming
C)rehabilitation philosophy
D)reinstatement philosophy

Question 9

Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCAs?

A)CCAs are created by each state's supreme court.
B)CCAs call for decentralized program design and delivery.
C)CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens may play.
D)CCAs endorse locally determined sanctions and services.

Question 10

What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution?

A)absolute diversion
B)real diversion
C)statutory diversion
D)true diversion

Question 11

About ____________________ of all probationers are felons.

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds

Question 12

Probation sentences are for:

A)an unlimited time.
B)a fixed period.
C)all misdemeanants.
D)a time set by the probation officer.

Question 13

Probation began in 1841 with the volunteer services of:

A)Howard.
B)Manconochie.
C)Bentham.
D)Augustus.

Question 14

A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as:

A)Drug Abuse Alternatives.
B)Addiction Recovery Program.
C)Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime.
D)Safe House Recovery Program.

Question 15

Historically, diversion programs were used for:

A)first-time or youthful offenders.
B)those suspected of minor offenses.
C)mentally disordered offenders.
D)all of these.

Question 16

Individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody are called:

A)sureties.
B)entities.
C)trustees.
D)fallons.

Question 17

Which of the following is Not a feature of probation?

A)prison time
B)drug testing
C)payment of fees
D)regular employment

Question 18

____________________  r equires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.

A)Community service
B)Financial restitution
C)Restorative service
D)Center probation

Question 19

Which of the following is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system?

A)BASC
B)DASC
C)MASC
D)TASC

Question 20

The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was:

A)probation.
B)restitution.
C)Prison.
D)Jail.

Question 21

Recidivism rises as probation caseload size ____________________ .

A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains static
D)none of these choices

Question 22

Suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is:

A)shock probation.
B)bench probation.
C)deferred probation.
D)split probation.

Question 23

Which of the following is Not one of the features of "the new penology"?

A)It conceives of crime as a systemic phenomenon and crime policy as a problem of actuarial risk management.
B)It embraces the objective of risk management and the management of the system itself.
C)Techniques of profiling and screening are used as ways of improving control over penal agents and subjects.
D)It focuses more on treatment and offering services to penal agents.

Question 24

A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a:

A)bench probation.
B)deferred sentence.
C)shock probation.
D)split probation.

Question 25

Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act. Governor Jones is also surprised to learn about the reasons people are on probation. If Governor Jones' state is similar to national statistics, what offense have the largest percentage of probationers been convicted of?

A)domestic violence
B)property offenses
C)arson
D)none of the above

Question 26

The United States has approximately ____________________ adult probation agencies.

A)500
B)2,000
C)1,200
D)1,000

Question 27

Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act. Governor Jones believes that offenders should have their criminal prosecution dropped upon successful completion of their required programs. This is known as ____________________ diversion.

A)absolute
B)real
C)static
D)true

Question 28

In ____________________ , the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant.

A)List v. Indiana University of Pennsylvania
B)Griffin v. Wisconsin
C)Gagnon v. Scarpelli
D)Gardner v. Florida

Question 29

Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act. Governor Jones is also an advocate of diversion programs. Which of the following would not be a goal of a diversion program?

A)Avoid the harsh impacts of incarceration.
B)Scare people first with incarceration and then place them on probation.
C)Provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from.
D)Deals with the economic and social factors associated with crime.

Question 30

Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act. Governor Jones is impressed by Minnesota's community-oriented corrections. He wants to implement many of the same policies when he returns to his state. Which of the following would most likely Not be part of a community corrections act if Governor Jones would use existing CCAs as a template for his new legislation?

A)The law would be judicially authorized.
B)There would be a decentralized program design and delivery.
C)The CCA would be authorized statewide.
D)The CCA would provide for citizen involvement.

Question 31

Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year. Why would Jack have been placed in the TASC program last year?

A)Jack was abusive to his wife.
B)Jack was a child molester.
C)Jack was a drug abuser.
D)Jack was a shop lifter.

Question 32

Disclosure of PSI to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by which U.S. Supreme Court case?

A)Bell v. Citadel
B)Roethlisberger v. Georgia
C)Jackson v. United States
D)Gardner v. Florida

Question 33

A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is a:

A)conveyed sentence.
B)bench probation.
C)split sentence.
D)shock probation.

Question 34

Intensive supervised probation (ISP)was started in:

A)Georgia.
B)California.
C)New York.
D)Florida.

Question 35

A report used at a sentencing hearing is a PSI. This means:

A)post sentencing inquiry.
B)pre release system interrogatory.
C)pre sentence investigation.
D)pre selected investigation.

Question 36

Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act. Governor Jones flies back to his state and schedules an emergency meeting with the head probation officials. He wants to discuss the probation population. Governor Jones is surprised to learn that many of the individuals on probation in his state are representative of the national statistics and that most of the probationers are:

A)African American females.
B)African American males.
C)Hispanic males.
D)White males.

Question 37

During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies that were known as a:

A)rehabilitation management system.
B)reformation management system.
C)risk management system.
D)strategic management system.

Question 38

Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR)model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ____________________ percent.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)50

Question 39

In evaluations of ISP programs, the amount of criminal offending:

A)increased.
B)declined.
C)doubled.
D)did not change.

Question 40

A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is:

A)shock probation.
B)deferred probation.
C)split probation.
D)bench probation.

Question 41

Courts in states with determinate sentencing typically use probation more frequently than do courts in states with indeterminate sentencing.

Question 42

Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year. Before he was placed on probation, a presentence investigation report was prepared. Who was responsible for preparing this report?

A)judge
B)jury
C)probation officer
D)victim

Question 43

Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year. In Jack's case, who had the final approval in the decision of probation?

A)judge
B)jury
C)probation officer
D)victim

Question 44

In the middle of the 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John Augustus in Massachusetts.

Question 45

Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year. In the state where Jack will be serving his probation, there is a locally administered probation department. Despite the fact that probation is a local responsibility here, which of the following is the state still accountable for?

A)providing financial support
B)setting standards
C)arranging training courses
D)all of these

Question 46

Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process.

Question 47

Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted.

Question 48

Most diversionary interventions take place prior to trial.

Question 49

Probation is used only with petty offenders.

Question 50

Assignment of probation to the executive branch on a statewide basis allows for uniform standards of policy making.

Question 51

One of the major purposes of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options.

Question 52

True diversion takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution.

Question 53

TASC, or team-administered sexual comprehension, programs, are aimed at treating sexual predators for reintegration back into society.

Question 54

Probationers account for more than 50 percent of the correctional growth since 1990.

Question 55

Today, all states utilize private probation services of low-risk offenders.

Question 56

The TASC program was designed to divert drug dealers away from the criminal justice system.

Question 57

A risk management correctional system is more focused on providing treatment services for offenders than regulating or controlling them.

Question 58

Since the first and most developed community corrections act took place in Minnesota, about 25 states have implemented CCAs for adults.

Question 59

In some states, juries may also recommend probation if the case meets legally regulated criteria.

Question 60

Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year. One of the conditions of Jack's probation is that he pays back the victim of his burglary the amount of loss and damage that he caused. What is this payment called?

A)community service
B)fine
C)retribution
D)restitution

Question 61

A ____________________ helps the court decide whether to grant probation and helps determine the conditions of probation.

Question 62

State-based acts that subsidize diversion of minor offenders from state prisons are ____________________ .

Question 63

In most states, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation.

Question 64

____________________  was a practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state.

Question 65

Shock probation calls for the shock of a few weeks in prison for a first-time offender followed by a standard term of probation.

Question 66

Financial ____________________ is the payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime.

Question 67

The basic functions of a probation officer's job include supervision, investigation, and ____________________ .

Question 68

A ____________________ is when judges were allowed to suspend punishment so offenders could seek a pardon or gather evidence that they were reformed.

Question 69

The ____________________ program is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system and into the jurisdiction of agencies offering specialized support services

Question 70

____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.

Question 71

____________________ was designed to require sex offenders to register with local law enforcement agencies.

Question 72

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that probationers are entitled to the same constitutional protections as other citizens.

Question 73

Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor.

Question 74

____________________ is credited with the creation of probation in Boston in 1785.

Question 75

Revocation of probation because of a new crime is referred to as a technical violation.

Question 76

A correctional system that is focused more on regulating and controlling offenders than on providing treatment or services for them is referred to as a ____________________ .

Question 77

____________________ takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution.

Question 78

Gender appears to affect probationer's effectiveness.

Question 79

All 50 states now impose some form of fee on probationers to defray the cost of probation and other community programs.

Question 80

Under intensive probation, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services.