Deck 12: Property Crime

Question 1

A device with a false bottom that can be opened and shut by a professional shoplifter, lined with metal or some other substance to prevent security tags from setting off alarms, and placed over merchandise is known as a __________________.

Answer 1

booster box

Question 2

The taking of goods from a retail store without payment is known as _________________________.

Answer 2

shoplifting

Question 3

_________ is a type of car theft that occurs when a gunman forces the car's owner to give up the keys.

Answer 3

Carjacking

Question 4

Of the 6 million larcenies recorded each year by the UCR, about ________________ percent are shoplifting incidents.

Question 5

To encourage the arrest of shoplifters, a number of states have passed _______________________ designed to protect retailers and their employers from litigation stemming from improper or false arrests of suspected shoplifters .

Question 6

An act in violation of the criminal law that is designed to bring financial gain to the offender is known as _________________.

Question 7

___________ are thieves wh o typically work in the larger cities, such as London and Paris. This group includes pickpockets, forgers, and counterfeiters, who operate freely.

Question 8

__________________are not professional criminals. They are amateur criminals whose decision to steal is spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard.

Question 9

________ larceny is a felony punishable by a sentence in state prison.

Question 10

The critical role of a "merchant" in criminal transactions has been recognized since the eighteenth century. A _________ is a buyer and seller of stolen merchandise.

Question 11

Professionals who make a living by passing bad checks are known as _________________.

Question 12

__________________ are the majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone.

Question 13

As a group, _________ move freely in sparsely populated areas and transport goods such as spirits, gems, and gold.

Question 14

__________________were public meeting places that served as headquarters for gangs in the eighteenth century.

Question 15

____________________ buy and sell stolen property as one of the many ways they make a living.

Question 16

In contrast to occasional thieves, __________________ are criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime.

Question 17

_________ are usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use.

Question 18

__________________is the concept that describes occasional property crimes occurring when an opportunity is available.

Question 19

A common method of swindling money out of an innocent victim is known as the ________.

Question 20

A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is often referred to as a ________________.

Question 21

Sutherland's concept of professional theft has two critical dimensions. First, thieves engage in limited types of crime. The second requirement is the:

A) exclusive use of wits, front, and talking ability.
B) exclusive use of professional fences and local banking institutions.
C) exclusive use of professional fences and offshore banking institutions.
D) exclusive use of observation, media reports, and Internet information

Question 22

A burglar who has technical competence, who maintains personal integrity, who specializes in burglary, and who has financial success and the ability to avoid prison sentences is called a __________________.

Question 23

Which of the following earns his or her living solely by buying and reselling stolen merchandise?

A) opportunistic thief
B) professional thief
C) petty thief
D) fence

Question 24

The best-known account of professional theft is the life of Chic Conwell, in _____________ classic book The Professional Thief .

A) Edwin Sutherland's
B) Lawrence Craft Driscoll's
C) Paul Klenowski's
D) Robert Merton's

Question 25

Misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer, who then keeps it, is known as:

A) factual pretense.
B) fraud.
C) naïve pretense.
D) opportunistic pretense.

Question 26

Eighteenth-century thieves who moved freely in sparsely populated areas and transported goods, such as spirits, gems, gold, and spices, without bothering to pay tax or duty were known as:

A) skilled thieves.
B) poachers.
C) smugglers.
D) burglars.

Question 27

__________________ involves a business owner burning his or her property, or hiring someone to do it, to escape financial problems.

Question 28

_________ is a crime that occurs when someone who is trusted with property fraudulently converts it.

Question 29

Amateur criminals whose decisions to steal are spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard are known as:

A) professional criminals.
B) situational criminals.
C) snitches.
D) occasional criminals.

Question 30

In contrast to occasional thieves, criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime are known as:

A) proficient offenders.
B) professional criminals.
C) specialized criminals.
D) trained offenders.

Question 31

The crime of __________________ involves a wrongdoer's misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer, who then keeps it.

Question 32

Public meeting places, often taverns, that served as headquarters for gangs and thieves in the eighteenth century were known as:

A) flash houses.
B) pigeon drops.
C) booster shops.
D) cannon houses.

Question 33

In the nineteenth century, two new forms of theft appeared as a result of changes in society. What were these new crimes?

A) train robbery and safecracking
B) fraud and false pretenses
C) gambling and fire setting
D) stage coach robbery and mail banditry

Question 34

_________________involve putting dummy or disabled goods on display while the real merchandise is kept under lock and key.

Question 35

Criminal acts designed to bring financial reward to an offender are known as:

A) financial crimes.
B) situational inducements.
C) economic crimes.
D) fiscal crimes.

Question 36

Occasional property crimes occur when there is an opportunity or:

A) situational inducement.
B) systematic inducement.
C) enticing inducement.
D) compelling inducement.

Question 37

By the eighteenth century, which of these types of property criminals lived in the country and supplemented their diet and income with game that belonged to a landlord?

A) skilled thieves
B) smugglers
C) poachers
D) animal thieves

Question 38

A successful fence must meet which of the following conditions?

A) upfront cash
B) complicity with law enforcers
C) connections with buyers
D) all of the above

Question 39

_____ are amateur fences who barter stolen goods for services.

A) Assistant fences
B) Associational fences
C) Amateur fences
D) Opportunity fences

Question 40

The process of depositing a check from one bank account into a second bank account without sufficient funds to cover it is known as ________________________.

Question 41

What do we know about systematic check forgers?

A) They are risk-prone when faced with a situation that is unusually stressful for them.
B) They constitute a relatively large segment of the total population of check forgers.
C) They make a substantial living by cashing bad checks.
D) They are usually isolated people, unsuccessful in their personal relationships.

Question 42

In states that enact laws specifying different degrees of burglary, the most serious and heavily punished crimes involve:

A) daytime forced entry into a nonresidential structure.
B) nighttime forced entry into a residential structure.
C) nighttime forced entry into a commercial building.
D) daytime forced entry into a commercial building.

Question 43

Embezzlement is distinguished from fraud on the basis of:

A) whether the act occurred against an organization or an individual.
B) the number of actors "working the scheme."
C) the dollar value of what was taken and the absence of using a weapon to perpetrate the criminal act.
D) when the criminal intent was formed and that a serious breach of trust has taken place.

Question 44

Complete strangers approached in a public place by someone offering a great deal on valuable commodities would be called:

A) amateur receivers
B) associational fences
C) professional fences
D) neighborhood hustlers

Question 45

Which of the following is a prevention strategy to reduce or eliminate shoplifting?

A) electronic article surveillance.
B) source tagging.
C) target removal.
D) all of the above.

Question 46

A burglar who has technical competence, maintains personal integrity, specializes in burglary, has financial success, and has the ability to avoid prison sentences is known as:

A) a professional burglar.
B) an occupational burglar.
C) a high-end burglar.
D) a commercial burglar.

Question 47

Car theft usually motivated by a teenager's desire to acquire the power, prestige, sexual potency, and recognition associated with an automobile is known as:

A) carjacking.
B) joyriding.
C) prestige-jacking.
D) situational inducement.

Question 48

Using dummy or disabled goods for retail display while having the real merchandise kept under lock and key, a technique used with high-cost electronic devices, is known as:

A) a target-removal strategy.
B) a target-hardening strategy.
C) an electronic surveillance system.
D) source tagging.

Question 49

Professional thieves who steal high-priced items usually get about ____ percent of the wholesale price.

A) 10 to 20
B) 5 to 15
C) 30  to  50
D) 50  to  70

Question 50

The majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone and usually cash bad checks because of a financial crisis are known as:

A) constructive check forgers.
B) systematic check forgers.
C) good check forgers.
D) naïve check forgers.

Question 51

______ buy and sell stolen property as one of the many ways that they make a living. They typically keep some of the profit and share some with the community.

A) Neighborhood hustlers
B) Amateur receivers
C) Associational fences
D) Associated receivers

Question 52

Usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use are called:

A) boosters.
B) professional criminals.
C) burglars.
D) snitches.

Question 53

Professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences are known as:

A) cannons or receivers.
B) good burglars.
C) heels or boosters.
D) snitches.

Question 54

When caught, shoplifters try to rationalize their behavior. Cromwell and Thurman found widespread use of which social process theory?

A) neutralization theory
B) social bond theory
C) labeling theory
D) differential enforcement theory

Question 55

To combat losses from credit card theft, Congress passed a law in 1971 limiting a person's liability to ___ per stolen card.

A) $25
B) $50
C) $100
D) $500

Question 56

Which of the following is the use of a stolen check, which is then endorsed and cashed or deposited by someone other than the payee?

A) altered checks
B) check kiting
C) forged endorsements
D) organized diving

Question 57

Most naïve check forgers come from ____ backgrounds and have little identification with a criminal subculture.

A) lower-class
B) middle-class
C) upper-class
D) poverty-level

Question 58

Which of the following elements would have legally constituted burglary during the late middle ages?

A) an occurrence during daylight hours
B) an occurrence by an invited guest
C) an occurrence during nighttime hours
D) an occurrence involving an item worth less than ten dollars

Question 59

A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is known as a:

A) snitch.
B) booster.
C) cannon.
D) fence.

Question 60

A type of auto theft involving gunmen approaching a car and forcing the owner to give up the keys is known as:

A) carjacking.
B) joyriding.
C) prestige-jacking.
D) situational inducement.

Question 61

Theft is a phenomenon unique to modern times; the theft of personal property has not been known throughout recorded history.

Question 62

Exporting stolen vehicles has become a global problem, and the emergence of capitalism in Eastern Europe has increased the demand for U.S-made cars

Question 63

Of the eight index crimes, motor vehicle theft is the only one to see a significant increase over the past decade.

Question 64

By the eighteenth century, three separate groups of property criminals were active: skilled thieves, smugglers, and poachers.

Question 65

One major advantage with combating shoplifting is that many customers who observe pilferage gladly report it to security agents.

Question 66

Joyriding is a type of car theft usually motivated by a teenager's desire to acquire the power, prestige, sexual potency, and recognition associated with possessing an automobile.

Question 67

Economic crimes can be defined as acts in violation of the criminal code designed to bring financial reward to an offender.

Question 68

When a business owner hires somebody to burn their business in hopes of collecting insurance money is a type of arson known as:

A) arson fraud.
B) revenge arson.
C) arson for profit.
D) situational arson.

Question 69

Retail security measures add to the already high cost of crime, all of which is passed on to the consumer.

Question 70

Most credit card fraud is the work of amateurs who acquire stolen cards through theft or mugging and then use them for two or three days.

Question 71

Arson  ____ involves a business owner burning his or her property to escape financial problems.

A) profit
B) embezzlement
C) relief
D) fraud

Question 72

Grand larceny is a misdemeanor and typically involves small amounts of money or property.

Question 73

Thieves who steal cars for long-term transportation intend to keep the cars for their personal use.

Question 74

One new form of professional auto theft is called "cloning."

Question 75

The number one and number two most stolen cars in the United States are typically manufactured by Honda.

Question 76

Weapons, most often guns, were used in about three-quarters of all carjacking victimizations.

Question 77

A large portion of auto thieves steal cars to use in other crimes, such as robberies and thefts.

Question 78

Heels are professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences.

Question 79

Professional thieves make a significant amount of their income from criminal activity.

Question 80

The fact that some arsonists are motivated by severe emotional turmoil, antisocial behavior, and psychopathology supports the claim that arson should be viewed as:

A) a social work problem.
B) an intellectual problem.
C) a mental health problem.
D) a medical problem.