Deck 5: The Rise of Rome

Question 1

Early Roman history is available to us through ______________.

A) the writings of Livy
B) inscriptions of the Etruscans
C) correlating reports of the Greek Logographers
D) oral tradition
E) cave paintings

Answer 1

oral tradition

Question 2

Roman social orders were divided into the ______________.

A) patricians and patriarchs
B) plebeians and optimates
C) consuls and tribunes
D) patricians and plebeians
E) equestrians and senators

Answer 2

patricians and plebeians

Question 3

Which event sparked the end of kings in Rome?

A) The rape of Lucretia
B) The conquest of Gaul
C) Extortion of taxes for draining swamps
D) Declaring war on Greece
E) An embargo against goods produced in Rome

Answer 3

The rape of Lucretia

Question 4

The most important of the Etruscan temples in Rome at Capitoline Hill was dedicated to ______________.

A) Zeus and Hera
B) Jupiter and Juno
C) Neptune and Athena
D) Poseidon and Artemis
E) Vespa and Ceres

Question 5

Who were Romulus and Remus?

A) The two Spartan kings who ruled the northern and southern peninsulas of Italy
B) Mythologic twin sons of Mars who came to rule Rome
C) Dualistic gods who were chosen by the Latins
D) Satraps put in power by Darius the Great as Persia expanded westward
E) Brothers from the Antigonid dynasty after the collapse of the Alexandrian Empire

Question 6

The only women free of male dominance were the ______________.

A) high priestesses of the Temple of Hera
B) women whose husbands and fathers were deceased
C) plebeian women who had borne more than five children
D) six vestal virgins
E) wives of patrician senators

Question 7

The most powerful Roman priest was called ______________.

A) Jupiter the Best and Greatest
B) Numina
C) Paterfamilias
D) Pontifex Maximus
E) Pax Deorum

Question 8

Every May, Romans would make an offering of black beans to which gods?

A) Lares
B) Penates
C) Lemures
D) Manes
E) Numina

Question 9

The greatest Roman virtue was considered to be ______________.

A) gravitas , or seriousness of mood
B) modesty
C) discipline
D) pietas , or loyalty to family, friends, and state
E) veritas , or honesty

Question 10

How many consuls served every year?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Five
E) Seven

Question 11

In which of the following ways were women in Rome better off than women in Greece?

A) They could work in a variety of jobs.
B) They could appear in public without a chaperone
C) They could serve in the military.
D) They could hold public office.
E) They were exempt from slavery.

Question 12

The patron-client relationship was centered around ______________.

A) bilateral obligations of service
B) sponsorship of business and arts
C) development of trade activities
D) dominance of the political structure by the patricians
E) the patricians and the priests of the temple

Question 13

What peoples' gods most closely resembled the Roman gods?

A) Greek
B) Sumerian
C) Etruscan
D) Babylonian
E) Hebrew

Question 14

A belief in early Roman religion concerned ______________.

A) omnipresent and vengeful gods who would smite wrongdoers
B) a monotheistic covenant
C) vague and shapeless forces of nature that controlled the environment
D) anthropomorphic gods who were not role models
E) the concept of the perfect metaphysical form

Question 15

Who was the head of the Roman household?

A) the Magistrate
B) The numina
C) The paterfamilias
D) The pontifex maximus.
E) The counsul

Question 16

What did the concept pax decorum mean?

A) The government law was ranked higher than religious law.
B) Peace treaties had to be approved by the temple officials.
C) Religious festivals must be held with solemnity and dignity.
D) The government functioned according to religious law.
E) The chief consul was anointed by the pontifex maximus .

Question 17

Which is true of marriage in Rome?

A) It was ended by declaring "I divorce you" three times in front of witnesses.
B) Slaves could marry citizens and retain legal rights to their offspring.
C) It was a legal ceremony.
D) It was a religious ceremony.
E) If the wife committed adultery, the husband could retain all of the dowry.

Question 18

Early Roman culture was most directly influenced by the ______________.

A) Greeks
B) Trojans
C) Samnites
D) Gauls
E) Etruscans

Question 19

The type of marriage in which authority over a woman was transferred from her father to her husband was known as ______________.

A) patriarchal
B) purchase
C) usage
D) without authority
E) feme covert

Question 20

Who escaped the burning city of Troy and landed in Italy, according to legend?

A) Romulus
B) Remus
C) Sylvia
D) Anaeas
E) Livy

Question 21

After the second Punic war, the standard currency of the Mediterranean was the ______________.

A) drachma
B) lira
C) shekel
D) denarius
E) doubloon

Question 22

What was Hannibal's surprise strategy in the second Punic War?

A) To invade southern Italy with the assistance of displaced Greeks
B) To lay siege to the Roman provinces on Corsica and Sardinia
C) To use Numidian land troops to provoke the Romans to attack in Gaul
D) To use diverse forces and attack by land, crossing the Alps into northern Italy
E) To entrap and burn the Roman navy in the straits between Sicily and Carthage

Question 23

The most lucrative form of income for Rome came from ______________.

A) taxation of conquered territories
B) provincial resources
C) the sale of slaves from newly assimilated territories
D) construction of roads and aqueducts
E) vast new opportunities for trade

Question 24

The primary reason for Rome's wars in the third century b.c.e. was ______________.

A) conquest of provinces for resources
B) conquest of provinces for annexation of territory
C) to weaken potential enemies
D) obtain monopolies of trade in the Mediterranean
E) spread the religion of Jupiter the Best and Greatest

Question 25

In order to consolidate authority over the territories it had conquered, Rome used all of the following tactics except ______________.

A) construction of all-weather military roads
B) establishment of military colonies at strategic points
C) conscription of enemies into Roman legions
D) imposing patron-client relationships with the conquered
E) allotting land to poor plebeians in military colonies

Question 26

Who were the Celts?

A) Inhabitants of Britain
B) Inhabitants of Gaul (France)
C) Inhabitants of Ireland
D) Inhabitants of the Germanic lands
E) All of these.

Question 27

Who ended each speech he made in the Senate by calling for the destruction of Carthage?

A) Cato the Elder
B) Polybius
C) Cicero
D) Sulla
E) Gaius Marius

Question 28

What was the main reason the Romans won the wars in southern Italy against the Greek colonists?

A) Religious syncretism created a basis for a treaty under pax decorum .
B) The Greeks were dependent on the Athenian navy, which was destroyed in fighting Persians.
C) The Romans established a blockade that starved out the Greeks.
D) The Romans were willing to incur casualties more than the Greeks.
E) The Greeks had inferior military leadership.

Question 29

The First Punic war ______________.

A) ended in a stalemate
B) proved the dominance of the Carthaginian navy
C) was won by Scipio
D) saw the rise of Hannibal
E) ended with Rome taking control of their first province

Question 30

The most significant among the Roman wars for expansion were the ______________.

A) wars to conquer the Etruscans
B) wars to conquer the Sabine
C) wars with Carthage
D) wars with Greece
E) civil wars within Roman society

Question 31

What was the primary duty of the consuls in the Senate?

A) To oversee the census
B) To appoint new senators
C) To introduce laws to the Senate
D) To lead the legion in war
E) To oversee the administration of justice

Question 32

The rule of law was a Roman concept that stated ______________.

A) slaves could not own property without decree
B) patricians and plebeians had the right to be Senators
C) the Twelve Tables could be suspended in time of war
D) that written legal decrees had more power than even the highest government official
E) that the Senate could employ the army to crush rebellion when necessary

Question 33

A significant consequence of Rome's wars was ______________.

A) overextension of the army
B) acquisition of foreign provinces
C) the expense of maintaining provincial government structure without taxes
D) incorporating new provinces into the representative government structure
E) suppression of radical ideas from other cultures

Question 34

What was the primary governing body of the Roman Republic?

A) The assembly of citizens
B) The Praetorian Guard
C) The quaestors
D) The Senate
E) The equestrians

Question 35

Why did the Conflict of the Orders occur?

A) The patricians wanted to lessen their responsibilities in client-patron relationships.
B) The Praetorian Guard attempted to overthrow the senate.
C) The Romans wanted to expel the Etruscan king.
D) The plebeians wanted more power in the Republic.
E) There was no written law code to set precedents and standards.

Question 36

Which elected official presided over the Roman assemblies?

A) Praetor
B) Quaestor
C) Tribune
D) Consul
E) Magistrate

Question 37

The first Punic War fought over control of ______________.

A) Numidia
B) Spain
C) Rome
D) Sicily
E) Carthage

Question 38

One of the significant concessions in the Conflict of the Orders was ______________.

A) allowing the plebs the right to vote
B) legal recognition of the Plebeian assembly
C) allowing the Council of Plebs to pass laws binding on all Roman people
D) granting plebs the right to own property
E) ending debt slavery for plebeians

Question 39

One of the major means of administration in provinces was through the establishment of ______________.

A) a military presence to ensure compliance
B) an autonomous local consul
C) governors with small staffs that generally respected local laws
D) a local council to hear grievances and avoid rebellion
E) None of these.

Question 40

What prevented the Romans from building an empire immediately after their initial war victories?

A) They did not feel that accruing land would contribute to the glory of Rome.
B) They did not want the expense of a large army.
C) They did not have a substantial enough economy to incorporate new territories.
D) Their justifications of war did not support building an empire.
E) All of these.

Question 41

Discuss the development of religion in the Roman Empire.

Question 42

What brought the senatorial generals into conflict with the Senate?

A) Julius Caesar demanded a better province of which to be proconsul.
B) Catiline's conspiracy to overthrow the government
C) Sulla's issuance of the proscriptions
D) The Senate's refusal to grant further powers and armies to powerful generals
E) Eliminating the position of Dictator from the Roman constitution

Question 43

The slave revolt in the late Republic, which created a large crisis, was led by ______________.

A) Spartacus
B) Crassus
C) Marcus Aurelius
D) Scipio Africanus
E) Tiberius Gracchus

Question 44

The death of the Gracchi marked what change in Rome?

A) A ruthless drive for power by the plebeian assembly
B) The breakdown of necessary cooperation to ensure the balance of power in the senate
C) The hope that a representative government could achieve checks and balances
D) The official division between the Republic and empire
E) The use of assassination as a means to eliminate political challenges

Question 45

The Second Triumvirate consisted of ______________.

A) Lepidus, Octavian, and Mark Antony
B) Julius Caesar, Cicero, and Catallus
C) Crassus, Octavian, and Spartacus
D) Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey
E) Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marius

Question 46

The Golden Age author known for his love poetry was ______________.

A) Cicero
B) Lucretius
C) Livy
D) Polybius
E) Catullus

Question 47

Analyze the role of the family in Roman life in light of the concept of paterfamilias .

Question 48

How do each of the first three Punic Wars compare to each other? What were the major successes and defeats of each?

Question 49

Discuss the law of the Twelve Tables and its relationship to Hammurabi's code and the laws of Moses.

Question 50

Compare the role of women in Rome to that of women in Greece?

Question 51

The major new change that Marius imparted to the army was ______________.

A) hiring soldiers from outlying provinces and making them citizens of Rome
B) requiring that soldiers provide their own armor and horses
C) freeing soldiers of the requirement of owning land
D) reducing the term of service from twenty-five to ten years
E) promising land and salaries, in the outlying provinces, to men who would serve in the army

Question 52

How the Etruscans helped to civilize the Romans? To what extent could you argue that the Romans created their own civilization?

Question 53

The final conflict between Octavian and Marc Antony was the Battle of ______________.

A) Lepidus
B) Philippi
C) Zama
D) Actium
E) Charonaea

Question 54

What historical developments led to dictatorships in Rome?

Question 55

What factors allowed Rome to extend its empire more readily than the Greeks?

Question 56

Discuss the period of the late Republic from the rise of Sulla through the creation of the Second Triumvirate.

Question 57

Why was Julius Caesar assassinated?

A) The senators did not trust his judgment concerning the rule of Egypt by Cleopatra.
B) His campaign to conquer the Germanic lands was seen as too ambitious.
C) His enemies in Gaul were outraged by his political success.
D) He named himself dictator for life and monopolized power.
E) He proposed land redistribution, which challenged the holdings of the patrician senate.

Question 58

The revolt of the Italian allies in 90 B.C.E. was caused by ______________.

A) Rome's refusal to grant citizenship
B) Rome's seizure of lands in the provinces
C) imposition of extremely high taxes
D) an uprising of slaves
E) the allies' refusal to learn Latin

Question 59

What was the patron-client relationship, and what did it mean to Romans?

Question 60

As a result of expansion, latifundia were developed by senator landholders, who obtained their land from ______________.

A) small farmers who could not compete with the surge of slave labor
B) soldier-farmers who did not want to return to the drudgery of farming
C) debt slaves who could not afford to maintain their property
D) newly conquered provinces that stripped land from noncitizens
E) the sale of equestrians who did not wish to be in the provinces and moved to new cities

Question 61

Senators were elected officials in Rome.

Question 62

Under the concept of paterfamilias , a child remained under the absolute authority of his or her father as long as he was alive.

Question 63

Celts were best known for their fighting style, which contrasted greatly with the Romans' fighting style.

Question 64

The rule of law depended on auspicium , or consultation with the gods to determine what was right.

Question 65

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Etruscans

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Hannibal

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Patricians

Question 68

The Etruscans, who dominated early Rome, were descendants of the Greeks who escaped the Trojan Wars.

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Republic

Question 70

Contrast Roman Republican government with Greek Democracy.

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Latins

Question 72

Lemures were best appeased with offerings of black beans.

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Legion

Question 74

Hannibal brought war elephants over the Alps and attacked Italy.

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Senate

Question 76

Many Roman religious rituals were borrowed from the Etruscans.

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Gaul

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Plebeians

Question 79

Consuls were groups of three leaders, appointed by the Senate to a term of one year.

Question 80

The Romans believed the most virtuous female activity was having and raising children.