Deck 4: Socialization: With Emphasis on In-Groups and Out-Groups

Question 1

In the first months of life babies are able to babble the sounds needed to speak all languages. This ability corresponds to

A)nurture.
B)nature.
C)internalization.
D)the social self.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

__________ is the term for human genetic makeup or biological inheritance.

A)Nature
B)Nurture
C)Internalization
D)Socialization

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The cases of Anna and Isabelle were used to illustrate

A)the importance of social contact for normal development.
B)the fact that humans are born with a great learning capacity.
C)that people are born with preconceived notions about standards of appearance and behavior.
D)that two-year-olds are bothered when rules are violated.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to George Herbert Mead, the key to role-taking is

A)internalization.
B)self-awareness.
C)collective memory.
D)engrams.

Question 5

Rene Spitz studied 91 physically and emotionally normal infants who were placed in orphanages because of unfortunate circumstances. A significant number of these children died because

A)their basic physical needs were not met.
B)they were malnourished.
C)they suffered emotional starvation due to lack of physical contact.
D)they contracted measles from one another due to crowded conditions.

Question 6

A bond of mutual expectation is established between caregiver and baby when

A)a caregiver knows the baby well enough to understand its needs and feelings.
B)the baby is put on a strict feeding and sleeping schedule.
C)the baby learns to talk to the caregiver.
D)the caregiver can leave the baby alone in a room without the baby crying.

Question 7

The "me" is the part of the self that

A)is spontaneous and creative.
B)acts in unconventional ways.
C)emerges out of role-taking experiences.
D)is capable of rejecting expectations.

Question 8

______________ refers to the social experiences that make up every individual's life.

A)Nature
B)Nurture
C)Engram
D)Internalization

Question 9

Displaced Palestinians pass on memories of their homeland by showing their children keys and deeds to the houses in which they once lived. This sharing preserves and passes on

A)reflexive thinking.
B)active adaptation.
C)collective memory.
D)internalization.

Question 10

The sociological concepts applied to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict can be used to answer which one of the following questions?

A)Why are Palestinians and Jews so angry?
B)How is conflict passed down from one generation to another?
C)Should there be a Palestinian state?
D)Why can't they just get along?

Question 11

In Israel, there are 900 memorials to the dead killed in war. Memorials are a vehicle for preserving and recalling shared experiences also known as

A)reflexive thinking.
B)active adaptation.
C)collective memory.
D)internalization.

Question 12

Which one of the following scenarios indicates that a bond of mutual expectation has developed between a baby and his or her caretaker?

A)A baby learns to comfort itself when it feels distress.
B)A baby cannot tell how its mother will react to its cries.
C)A baby sleeps through the night.
D)A baby comes to expect that if it cries, a caretaker will respond.

Question 13

George Herbert Mead maintained that children acquire a sense of self when they "become objects to themselves." This means that children

A)can mimic and imitate others in their environment.
B)possess a spontaneous, creative self.
C)can name, classify and categorize the self.
D)have developed a strong tie with a caring adult.

Question 14

During a sociology class, Bobby gets a text message from his friend. He knows the teacher expects students to refrain from texting in class so he ignores the text until the end of class. George Herbert Mead would argue that this behavior is a product of the student's

A)"I."
B)"me."
C)reflexive thinking.
D)looking-glass self.

Question 15

Tiffany's parents introduced her to soccer as soon as she was able to walk. This strategy corresponds to

A)nurture.
B)nature.
C)social contact.
D)engrams.

Question 16

Nature refers to __________, and nurture refers to _________.

A)learned traits; inborn traits
B)genetic factors; social experiences
C)interaction factors; biological factors
D)social capacities; biological potential

Question 17

In the case of Anna and Isabelle, Anna was described as having "no glimmering of speech, absolutely no ability to walk, no sense of gesture, nor the least capacity to feed herself even when food was put in front of her, and no comprehension of cleanliness." Anna's desperate state can be traced to a lack of

A)collective memory.
B)nature.
C)social contact.
D)engrams.

Question 18

A small boy tells his mother he wants a Barbie doll for Christmas. His mother tells him that dolls are for girls. This exchange constitutes

A)assimilation.
B)nature.
C)autonomy.
D)socialization.

Question 19

The _______________ is the part of the self that acts in unexpected ways.

A)"me"
B)"I"
C)"we"
D)"self"

Question 20

Socialization takes hold through a process known as

A)internalization.
B)nature.
C)nurture.
D)social contact.

Question 21

Which one of the following statements is false in regard to Charles Horton Cooley's conception of the looking-glass self?

A)We visualize how we appear to others.
B)We imagine a judgement about how others see us.
C)We feel shame or pride about imagined judgements.
D)We respond to people's actual judgements.

Question 22

In this stage, children have not yet developed the mental capabilities that allow them to role-take at any level. This stage is the

A)play stage.
B)preparatory stage.
C)game stage.
D)presocialization stage.

Question 23

Piaget maintained that learning and reasoning are rooted in

A)reflexive thinking.
B)role-playing.
C)active adaptation.
D)the looking-glass self.

Question 24

Those groups with which people identify and to which they feel loyalty toward, particularly when that attachment is founded on hatred of another group, are

A)essential groups.
B)respected groups.
C)out-groups.
D)in-groups.

Question 25

The stage at which children mimic or imitate people around them without understanding the meaning of that which they are imitating is the

A)preparatory stage.
B)play stage.
C)game stage.
D)looking-glass self stage.

Question 26

An Israeli soldier remarks "The Palestinian boys would look at you with hatred, such hatred that it reminded me of how the Jews in concentration camps in the Holocaust looked at [the guards]. You are the most evil thing on earth right now…". Charles Horton Cooley would argue that the guard imagining himself from the perspective of the Palestinian boys represents the dynamics of

A)"I".
B)"me".
C)looking-glass self.
D)cognitive development.

Question 27

During the _________ stage of cognitive development, children believe that objects removed from sight no longer exist.

A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 28

During the game stage, children take on the role of the

A)significant other.
B)generalized other.
C)significant symbols.
D)rule maker.

Question 29

Julie interacts with her doll as though she were its mother. Mead would argue that Julie has taken on the role of the

A)significant other.
B)generalized other.
C)looking glass self.
D)the subjective self.

Question 30

In this stage, children practice fitting their behavior into an already established behavior system that governs a game, such as baseball. This stage is the

A)play stage.
B)preparatory stage.
C)game stage.
D)post-socialization stage.

Question 31

An Israeli soldier observes that some Palestinian girls are frightened to death when he is standing in their path. The soldier is engaging in

A)socialization.
B)internalization.
C)role-taking.
D)collective memory.

Question 32

The preparatory, play, and game stages allow children to practice

A)internalization.
B)collective memory.
C)imitation.
D)role-taking.

Question 33

From the sociological point of view, Mead viewed play and games as important to children's social development because they

A)give them practice in agility.
B)increase motor skills.
C)help develop mental toughness.
D)allow children to learn and practice taking the role of the other.

Question 34

During the game stage, children learn

A)to make up rules as they go.
B)to mimic and imitate people in their environment.
C)to pretend to be people significant in their lives.
D)to see how their position fits relative to all other positions.

Question 35

Language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and posture are all examples of

A)socialization.
B)significant symbols.
C)reflexive thinking.
D)role taking.

Question 36

A six-year-old believes that dark clouds in the sky are angry. That child is in the __________ stage.

A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 37

Sociologists Amith Ben-David and Yoah Lavee's study in which they describe how Israeli family members interacted with one another during the SCUD missile attack shows that the family

A)can serve to buffer its members against the effects of negative circumstances or can exacerbate those effects.
B)is a supportive and positive influence during a crisis.
C)increases the stress of a crisis.
D)becomes divided and tense during a crisis.

Question 38

Researchers Ben-David and Lavee studied Israeli families to learn how members behaved toward one another during a missile attack. The researchers studied

A)an outgroup.
B)significant symbols.
C)a primary group.
D)collective memory.

Question 39

Tyler sits at the computer, mimicking the behavior of her mother with no real understanding of what she is doing. Tyler's family encourages this by telling her how cute she is. Tyler is in the

A)preparatory stage.
B)play stage.
C)game stage.
D)looking-glass self stage.

Question 40

Palestinian and Israeli children, like children everywhere, learn to sing patriotic songs and say prayers before they can understand the words. This occurs when children are in the __________ stage.

A)preparatory
B)role-taking
C)play
D)game

Question 41

Upon entering a total institution, inmates experience a

A)sense of euphoria.
B)break with past roles.
C)new beginning.
D)sense of deep relief.

Question 42

The average number of children women bear over their reproductive life is lowest in

A)Gaza
B)West Bank
C)Israel
D)Jordan

Question 43

Mental hospitals, concentration camps, and boarding schools are considered

A)voluntary organizations.
B)out-groups.
C)primary groups.
D)total institutions.

Question 44

The "us versus them" dynamics that characterize ingroup-outgroup dynamics become especially evident when the two groups

A)live next door to each other.
B)consist of teenagers.
C)compete for some valued outcomes (e.g. land, victory).
D)share similar social characteristics (e.g. race, age, gender).

Question 45

It is easier to resocialize a person if the resocialization experience

A)is connected to making another party happy.
B)requires a person to be subservient to another.
C)leads to a sense of self-worth and accomplishment.
D)could be a forced experience.

Question 46

Examples of _________ include magazines, newspapers, commercials, radio broadcasts, and cartoon characters.

A)significant symbols
B)mass media
C)primary groups
D)total institutions

Question 47

Which one of the following is false regarding in-group - out-group dynamics?

A)Little interaction occurs between in-group and out-group members.
B)In-group and out-group members typically know little about one another.
C)In-group members work to learn about those in the out-group.
D)Members of one group tend to view members of the other in stereotypical terms.

Question 48

Carmen writes, "When I was in high school, there were different groups such as 'preps,' 'hoods,' and 'nerds.' It was easy to tell who belonged to each group simply by looking at their dress and general physical appearance. People who belonged to one group didn't have much to do with those in the other two groups." Carmen is describing

A)collective memory.
B)in-group - out-group dynamics.
C)primary-secondary groups.
D)internalization.

Question 49

Which of the following best describes in-group - out-group dynamics?

A)In-group members identify with the personal struggles of out-group members.
B)Ingroups are "good"; outgroups are "bad".
C)The presence of an out-group can unify an in-group even when the in-group members are very different from one another.
D)Because they hate each other, members of an in-group and out-group usually know a lot about one another.

Question 50

Michael is unable to find work, so he decides to enlist in the military to gain skills to become a mechanic. He is undergoing a ________________ program of resocialization.

A)voluntary
B)mandatory
C)imposed
D)forced

Question 51

Almost every Israeli can claim membership in which one of the following primary groups?

A)a sports team
B)a college sorority
C)the Jewish faith
D)a military unit

Question 52

As Palestinian children gaze through a bullet-ridden fence in their neighborhood and learn that Israeli soldiers fired those bullets, they also learn they are Palestinian. This experience is an example of the __________________ components of socialization.

A)nature
B)game stage
C)identity-building
D)preparatory

Question 53

In Israel and the Palestinian Territories, Sesame Street airs as Sesame Stories because

A)the featured scenes in the program involve Palestinians and Israelis reading stories to one another.
B)the idea that a neutral street exists where Palestinians and Jews might gather together is not a possibility.
C)there is no word for street in Hebrew or in the Arabic languages.
D)Sesame Street formed a partnership with the corporation Sesame Stories.

Question 54

The prescription drug addict who seeks out treatment to change destructive behavior is undergoing  __________ resocialization.

A)voluntary
B)involuntary
C)forced
D)voluntary, informal

Question 55

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is used as a vehicle for understanding dynamics underlying

A)total institutions.
B)the power of nature over nurture.
C)ingroup-outgroup relationships.
D)social structure.

Question 56

Which one of the following examples is a case of involuntary resocialization?

A)A person seeks treatment to correct a problem.
B)A college graduate applies and is accepted into medical school.
C)A person is ordered  into a treatment program.
D)A person enlists in the army to acquire a technical skill.

Question 57

Erikson's life-stage model is most useful for capturing

A)how time in history affects major life transitions.
B)broad socialization challenges associated with aging.
C)challenges associated with the countless life event transitions.
D)the role of previous life experiences in shaping transitions in life.

Question 58

As Israeli children practice how to respond when Palestinians launch rockets into their communities, they also learn that they are Israelis. This experience is an example of the ________________ component of socialization.

A)nature
B)game stage
C)identity-building
D)preparatory

Question 59

The presence of Palestinians functions to unify Israeli Jews, who are culturally, linguistically, religiously, and politically diverse. Likewise, the presence of Jews unifies a diverse Palestinian society. These dynamics best apply to

A)agents of socialization.
B)in-group - out-group dynamics.
C)socialization.
D)primary group.

Question 60

YouTube contains thousands of videos chronicling various viewpoints on the Palestinian-Jewish conflict. These videos represent

A)significant symbols.
B)mass media.
C)primary groups.
D)total institutions.

Question 61

Which one of the following examples is an example of amorphous in-group and out-group rivalry?

A)Hatfields versus McCoys
B)two households competing for the best lawn
C)University of Kentucky vs University of Louisville fans
D)two friends playing a competitive game

Question 62

Think of a child in your own or extended family. Locate where that child stands in the stages of role taking, stages of cognitive development and stages of the life cycle.

Question 63

Jews from 102 different countries, speaking 80 different languages have settled in Israel since its founding in 1948. This information suggests that Israeli Jews qualify as an _________________ group.

A)in-group
B)out-group
C)amorphous
D)primary

Question 64

Imagine your family met with crisis. How would your family respond? Make reference to research by sociologists Amith Ben-David and Yoav Lavee.

Question 65

Make a list of the three in-groups that are most important to you right now in your life. Name the corresponding outgroup for each of the three.

Question 66

In-group and out-group dynamics become especially evident when the two groups compete for some valued outcome. In the case of the Palestinians and Israeli Jews that outcome is

A)oil.
B)nuclear weapons.
C)land both call home.
D)foreign aide from the U.S.

Question 67

Which of the following does not illustrate in-group vs. outgroup dynamics?

A)a sign advertising a gated community
B)designated lanes for bikers on highways
C)an "all welcome" door mat
D)a campaign to "Buy U.S. - Hire U.S."

Question 68

Discuss at least three ways that long-standing conflicts between groups are passed down from one generation to another.

Question 69

Study the sociological imagination box on page 69 of your textbook. Can you think of two visual images and captions you could add to the box to demonstrate ingroups and outgroups?

Question 70

Which one of the following significant symbols is carried by girls in traditional dress during ceremonies commemorating Nakba Day or "Day of Catastrophe"?

A)old dishes
B)wedding bans of Palestinian couples separated
C)keys to homes Palestinians once lived
D)Israeli flags