Deck 42: Neural Regulation

Question 1

The size of the motor area in the brain for any specific body part is relative to:

A) the rest of the body.
B) its position in the body.
C) the complexity of its movements.
D) the number of muscles it contains.
E) the area of the brain that controls it.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

During conscious, quiet rest, the brain emits:

A) alpha rhythm patterns.
B) beta rhythm patterns.
C) delta waves.
D) gamma waves.
E) theta waves.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which is an evolutionary trend in the development of nervous systems for bilaterally symmetrical animals?

A) Loss of cephalization
B) Decreased number of interneurons
C) Greater resting membrane potential
D) Increased presence of ganglia
E) Increased size of neuronal cell bodies

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following cerebral areas is correctly matched with its function?

A) Occipital lobes-control auditory centers
B) Temporal lobes-control skeletal muscles
C) Frontal lobes-directly receive visual input
D) Parietal lobes-receive sensations of heat, touch, pressure
E) Substantia nigra-controls learning and language

Question 5

Figure 42-2 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. What will occur when an electrical impulse travels along the neuron labeled as 2?

A) The hand will be extended.
B) The hand will be withdrawn.
C) The fingers will flex.
D) The fingers will extend.
E) The hand will remain stationary.

Question 6

Figure 42-1 ​

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In the early vertebrate embryo, the brain and spinal cord differentiate from which of the following?

A) Neural plate
B) Neural fold
C) Neural tube
D) Neural crest
E) Neural knot

Question 7

Which brain structure is correctly matched with its function?

A) Thalamus-relays messages to cerebrum
B) Pons-regulates emotional response
C) Medulla-regulates auditory reflexes
D) Cerebellum-regulates coughing and sneezing
E) Inferior colliculi-regulate muscle coordination

Question 8

The difference between the gray and white matter of the cerebrum is that:

A) gray matter makes up the core, while white matter makes up the cortex.
B) gray matter contains dendrites, while white matter contains cell bodies.
C) gray matter contains unmyelinated axons, while white matter contains cell bodies.
D) gray matter contains cell bodies, while white matter mostly contains myelinated axons.
E) gray matter is in the right hemisphere, while white matter is in the left one.

Question 9

Which portion of the brain contains centers for control of body temperature, appetite, and fat metabolism?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Cerebellum
C) Midbrain
D) Thalamus
E) Pons

Question 10

The central nervous system contains:

A) all sympathetic nerves.
B) all parasympathetic nerves.
C) all sensory receptors.
D) only the cerebrum and cerebellum.
E) a brain and a dorsal tubular spinal cord.

Question 11

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to observe brain function by:

A) examining intracellular second messengers.
B) monitoring gene activation.
C) examining changes in blood flow to different parts of the brain.
D) measuring neurotransmitter-receptor binding effectiveness.
E) measuring hormone levels.

Question 12

Figure 42-2 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. The neuron labeled as 3 is a(n):

A) interneuron in the gray matter of the cord.
B) interneuron in the white matter of the cord.
C) sensory neuron in the gray matter of the cord.
D) sensory neuron in the white matter of the cord.
E) motor neuron in the gray matter of the cord.

Question 13

Which of the following structures is responsible for the control of the heartbeat and blood pressure?

A) Pons
B) Hypothalamus
C) Medulla
D) Cerebellum
E) Thalamus

Question 14

Development of the cerebellum in an animal correlates with the:

A) animal's ability to see.
B) size of that animal.
C) intelligence of that animal.
D) complexity of muscular activity exhibited by that animal.
E) animal's ability to smell.

Question 15

The nerve net of Hydra:

A) contains a central control organ and connected neurons.
B) sends electrical signals in only one direction.
C) allows the organism to respond to stimuli approaching from any direction.
D) produces a signal that intensifies as it radiates from its point of origin.
E) cannot coordinate the movement of all tentacles at once.

Question 16

Which of the following lobes of the cerebellum contain the visual centers?

A) Temporal lobes
B) Occipital lobes
C) Frontal lobes
D) Parietal lobes
E) Limbic lobe

Question 17

The portion of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the internal environment is the:

A) telencephalic nervous system.
B) autonomic nervous system.
C) thalamic nervous system.
D) somatic nervous system.
E) hypothalamic nervous system.

Question 18

The sensory nerves of the somatic portion of the peripheral nervous system:

A) transmit information from internal receptors to the central nervous system.
B) transmit information from sensory organs to the central nervous system.
C) transmit information from the central nervous system to glands.
D) transmit information from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.
E) regulate cardiac activity.

Question 19

The right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by the:

A) central sulcus.
B) corpus callosum.
C) substantia nigra.
D) central canal.
E) corpus striatum.

Question 20

Figure 42-2 ​

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Refer to the accompanying figure. The type of neuron labeled as 1 is a(n):

A) motor neuron.
B) pyramidal neuron.
C) sensory neuron.
D) efferent neuron.
E) interneuron.

Question 21

Wernicke's area of the temporal lobe is involved in the:

A) body's biological clock.
B) coordination of motor activity.
C) recognition and interpretation of words.
D) processing of chemical stimuli.
E) processing of visual stimuli.

Question 22

Which limbic structure filters incoming sensory information and interprets it in the context of emotional needs and survival?

A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Basal ganglia
D) Hypothalamus
E) Thalamus

Question 23

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system?

A) Helps the body respond to changes in the external environment
B) Helps maintain the body's posture and balance
C) Transmits sensory information for smell, sight, hearing, and taste
D) Transmits signals to the muscles used in facial expressions
E) Helps maintain homeostasis in the internal environment

Question 24

Induction of long-term potentiation and long-term depression requires activation of two types of:

A) acetylcholine receptors.
B) GABA receptors.
C) norepinephrine receptors.
D) glutamate receptors.
E) serotonin receptors

Question 25

Broca's area is involved in:

A) sensing sound waves.
B) speech comprehension.
C) the movement of vocal chords.
D) the recognition of spoken words.
E) the recognition of written words.

Question 26

There are five stages in the withdrawal reflex. Which of the following is the fourth stage?

A) Sensory receptor signals sensory neuron
B) Sensory neuron transmits information to CNS
C) Interneuron integration of information
D) Impulse transmission to muscle
E) Muscle contraction

Question 27

On her first birthday, Alena takes her first steps, which are clumsy and awkward. By her second birthday, her steps are smooth and coordinated. This transition in Alena's walking skills best illustrates the concept of:

A) imprinting.
B) hard-wiring.
C) reflex action.
D) synaptic plasticity.
E) voluntary acquisition.

Question 28

The ability of synaptic connections to change in response to experience is known as synaptic:

A) transformity.
B) plasticity.
C) conversion.
D) modulation.
E) potentiation.

Question 29

The choroid plexus functions to:

A) cushion the brain.
B) control coordination of movement.
C) produce the cerebrospinal fluid.
D) transmit nerve impulses to specialized regions in the brain.
E) divide the right and left hemispheres.

Question 30

The gray matter of the spinal cord does NOT consist of which of the following?

A) Cell bodies
B) Dendrites
C) Unmyelinated axons
D) Glial cells
E) Myelinated axons

Question 31

Which person is most likely using implicit memory?

A) Sylvia, who recalls the cranial nerves for a test
B) Connor, who recognizes the face of someone in a crowd
C) Alexis, who remembers the smell of her grandmother's kitchen
D) Fabio, who tries to remember his father's birthday
E) Dan, who plays the guitar

Question 32

What is the function of the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system?

A) It regulates the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) It regulates the sympathetic nervous system.
C) It helps the body respond to changes in the external environment.
D) It controls voluntary movement.
E) It maintains homeostasis despite internal changes.

Question 33

Which statement describes why you respond to your alarm clock in the morning by turning it off?

A) The reticular activating system sends a stimulus to the cerebral cortex.
B) The number of alpha rhythm patterns increases.
C) The number of theta rhythm patterns increases.
D) The cortex of the cerebellum is stimulated.
E) The limbic system is stimulated.

Question 34

What is a characteristic of a reflex action?

A) Reflex actions are involuntary motor responses.
B) Reflex actions require conscious thought.
C) Reflex actions control the interpretation of sensory signals.
D) Reflex actions are spontaneous.
E) Reflex actions involve five types of neurons.

Question 35

Which of the following does NOT decrease during non-REM sleep?

A) Heart rate
B) Breathing
C) Blood pressure
D) Metabolic rate
E) Growth hormone release

Question 36

If a physician wanted to collect spinal fluid for analysis s/he would want to place a needle between the:

A) dura mater and skull.
B) dura mater and pia mater.
C) arachnoid and pia mater.
D) pia mater and brain.
E) dura mater and arachnoid.

Question 37

The limbic system plays a role in:

A) procedural memory.
B) motivation.
C) balance and coordination.
D) the sleep-wake cycle.
E) somatic responses.

Question 38

As you are working on this test question, which of the following brain waves will be the most active?

A) Alpha rhythm patterns
B) Beta rhythm patterns
C) Delta waves
D) Gamma waves
E) Theta waves

Question 39

ADHD is a disorder associated with excessive amounts of which of the following substances?

A) Adiponectin
B) Dopamine
C) Calcitonin
D) Oxytocin
E) Secretin

Question 40

The suprachiasmatic nucleus signals which of the following glands about light and dark?

A) Temporal
B) Hypothalamus
C) Thyroid
D) Pituitary
E) Pineal

Question 41

Sleep is an alteration of consciousness during which there is increased electrical activity in the cerebral cortex.

Question 42

The limbic system influences emotional aspects of behavior.

Question 43

Long-term potentiation involves a long-lasting decrease in the strength of synaptic connections.

Question 44

Many antipsychotic medications alter neuron function by:

A) blocking serotonin reuptake.
B) blocking dopamine receptors.
C) mimicking the actions of endorphins.
D) stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.
E) increasing glutamate release

Question 45

Annelids and arthropods have a dorsal hollow nerve cord.

Question 46

The neurobiological mechanisms for drug addiction involve the:

A) mesocortical dopamine pathway.
B) tuberoinfundibular pathway
C) incertohypothalamic pathway.
D) parahippocampal-subicular pathway.
E) mesolimbic dopamine pathway.

Question 47

The central sulcus partially separates the frontal lobes from the temporal lobes.

Question 48

Compare and contrast REM and non-REM sleep.

Question 49

Discuss the biological effects of the following types of drugs: hallucinogens, stimulants, and anti-anxiety drugs.

Question 50

In the brain, the visual centers are located in the occipital lobes.

Question 51

The midbrain is the center for visual and auditory reflexes.

Question 52

When two neurons connected by a synapse are active simultaneously, the synapse is strengthened.

Question 53

The hindbrain gives rise to the metencephalon and myelencephalon.

Question 54

Cerebral cortical association areas link sensory and motor areas.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT the same in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

A) Extent and duration of effect
B) Outflow from CNS
C) Location of ganglia
D) Neurotransmitters released from preganglionic nerve fibers
E) Neurotransmitters released from postganglionic nerve fibers

Question 56

The cnidarian nerve net enables an effective response to predator or prey approaching from any direction.

Question 57

Explicit memory is also called procedural memory.

Question 58

REM sleep is characterized by an increase in body movement, heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, metabolic rate, and body temperature.

Question 59

Nerves of the parasympathetic system typically stimulate organs in response to stress.

Question 60

Describe the organization of the peripheral nervous system and compare its somatic and autonomic divisions.

Question 61

Describe the structure and functions of the human spinal cord.

Question 69

Describe the neurophysiological changes that are involved in long-term memory.

Question 78

The drug naloxone blocks the effects of cocaine on the CNS.

Question 79

Transmission of the scent of a flower is carried out by the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 80

What evolutionary advances are demonstrated in the nervous systems of bilaterally symmetrical animals?