Deck 39: Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Question 1

Bone cells communicate with one another by:

A) Haversian canals.
B) cellular extensions running through canaliculi.
C) lymphatic vessels.
D) diffusion through lamellae.
E) epithelial tissue.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which term best explains why collagen fibers are abundant in tendons?

A) abrasion
B) contractility
C) protection
D) strength
E) secretion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The major constituent of regular dense connective tissue is:

A) adipose cells.
B) collagen fibers.
C) reticular fibers.
D) macrophages.
E) a semifluid matrix.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue?

A) storing food
B) lining organs
C) storing fat
D) insulating
E) supporting organs

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

A) the heart
B) adipose tissue
C) blood
D) bone
E) lymph

Question 6

Epithelial tissue is least likely to:

A) contract.
B) be specialized as sensory receptors.
C) provide protection.
D) regulate exchange of substances between parts of the body.
E) produce and secrete cell products.

Question 7

Figure 39-1 The type of tissue illustrated in the accompanying figure is:

A) elastic connective tissue.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) pseudostratified epithelium.
D) cartilage.
E) adipose tissue.

Question 8

A group of associated tissues is known as a(n):

A) cell
B) organ
C) organ system
D) organism
E) tumor

Question 9

Although they are two different types of connective tissue, cartilage and bone have what feature in common?

A) lacunae and Haversian canals
B) canaliculi and Haversian canals
C) lacunae and canaliculi
D) lamellae only
E) lacunae only

Question 10

Figure 39-1 What is a primary location for the type of tissue in the accompanying figure?

A) lining of the digestive tract
B) within blood vessels
C) dermis of the skin
D) respiratory passages
E) air sacs of the lungs

Question 11

A tissue is a group of ____.

A) closely associated, similar cells.
B) closely associated, different cells.
C) loosely associated, different cells.
D) identical cells that split a variety of functions.
E) loosely organized, similar cells.

Question 12

Exocrine glands:

A) have products that are transported via the circulatory system.
B) lack ducts.
C) include goblet cells and milk glands.
D) release hormones.
E) lack epithelial tissue.

Question 13

The main difference between elastic and reticular fibers is that only elastic fibers:

A) are branched.
B) stretch.
C) are made of collagen.
D) form the supporting framework for organs.
E) have a high tensile strength.

Question 14

What type of epithelial tissue lines the upper respiratory tract?

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) ciliated columnar epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) ciliated squamous epithelium

Question 15

Figure 39-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. What major function is associated with this type of tissue?

A) protecting underlying cells from abrasion
B) moving of materials along a tissue surface
C) producing secretions such as mucus and sweat
D) secreting and absorbing
E) strengthening

Question 16

Which of the following cell types would not be found in connective tissue?

A) macrophages
B) red blood cells
C) chondrocytes
D) squamous
E) adipose cells

Question 17

For gas exchange to occur quickly and efficiently, which type of epithelium must be present on all respiratory surfaces?

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) ciliated columnar epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) ciliated squamous epithelium

Question 18

Which of the following would not be found in loose connective tissue?

A) collagen fibers
B) reticular fibers
C) actin fibers
D) elastic fibers
E) fibroblasts

Question 19

The four basic animal tissues are:

A) connective, digestive, nervous, and respiratory.
B) blood, bone, connective, and epithelial.
C) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
D) digestive, nervous, reproductive, and respiratory.
E) circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and sensory.

Question 20

Lungs absorb oxygen from inhaled air, and the small intestine move ingested material through the digestive tract and absorbs nutrients from ingested food. Which statement describes the type of epithelium you would expect to line each of these surfaces?

A) They are both lined by a simple squamous epithelium.
B) They are both lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium.
C) The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium.
D) The lungs are lined by a columnar epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a simple squamous epithelium.
E) The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 21

Which statement about nervous tissue is false ?

A) A dendrite is specialized for transmitting signals.
B) An axon in the human body can be as much as a meter long.
C) Neurons communicate with each other via synapses.
D) A neuron is made up of an axon and a glial cell.
E) A nerve is made up of many neurons.

Question 22

Which organ system does not work with the others to carry out the physiological processes of a mammal ?

A) cardiovascular system
B) lymphatic system
C) skeletal system
D) urinary system
E) muscular system

Question 23

The integumentary system

A) covers and protects the body.
B) connects muscles to skin.
C) suspends organs in the abdominal cavity.
D) contains exocrine glands.
E) regulates the heart.

Question 24

A(n) ____ membrane lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside and a(n) ____ membrane lines a cavity that opens to the outside of the body.

A) serous; mucous
B) interstitial; serous
C) serous; exocrine
D) mucous; serous
E) mucous; interstitial

Question 25

Which statement about connective tissue is true ?

A) Adipose tissue is made of collagen fibers.
B) Lymph is elastic in nature.
C) Cartilage is elastic in nature.
D) Bone cells cannot communicate with each other.
E) Reticular connective tissue stores fat.

Question 26

In a nerve cell, the function of the dendrites is to:

A) conduct impulses away from the cell body.
B) attach the neuron to connective tissue.
C) receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body.
D) increase the speed at which nerve impulses are carried away from the cell body.
E) support and nourish the neuron.

Question 27

Studies suggest that to become malignant, neoplasms must establish

A) contact inhibition.
B) a blood supply.
C) a nutrient source.
D) a second genetic mutation.
E) uncontrolled mutations.

Question 28

If dense bone lacked canaliculi:

A) there would be no blood supply to the bone cells.
B) diffusion between cells would not be possible.
C) there would be no nerve supply to the bone tissue.
D) the extracellular matrix would not be formed by osteoblasts.
E) the chondrocytes would not be able to remodel the bone.

Question 29

The risk of developing cancer can be decreased by:

A) increasing the amount of nitrates in the diet.
B) exposing questionable tumors to x-rays.
C) avoiding smoked, and salt-cured foods.
D) examining the breasts and testes every two years.
E) exposing neoplasms to UV radiation.

Question 30

Most human cancers originate in which type of tissue?

A) neoplastic
B) epithelial
C) connective
D) muscular
E) nerve

Question 31

Figure 39-2 The type of tissue represented by the accompanying figure is:

A) adipose tissue.
B) cardiac tissue
C) cartilage.
D) simple squamous epithelium.
E) elastic connective tissue.

Question 32

Exocrine glands:

A) have a duct.
B) cannot secrete mucus.
C) are made of endothelial tissue.
D) secrete hormones.
E) transport products through interstitial fluid.

Question 33

Figure 39-2 One function of the type of tissue represented in the accompanying figure is:

A) insulation.
B) flexible support.
C) calcium reservoir.
D) oxygen transport.
E) secretion and absorption.

Question 34

Intercalated disks are gap junctions between cells of:

A) smooth muscle tissue.
B) skeletal muscle tissue.
C) cardiac muscle tissue.
D) osteocytes.
E) cartilage.

Question 35

Both smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers:

A) have striations.
B) are under involuntary control.
C) are multinucleate.
D) have a comparable resistance to fatigue.
E) have a comparable intermediate speed of contraction.

Question 36

Which of the following statements concerning the heart is false ?

A) It is an organ.
B) It contains endothelium.
C) It contains nerves.
D) It is an organ system.
E) Its muscles contain elongated fibers.

Question 37

One difference between cardiac muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers is that cardiac muscle fibers:

A) have several nuclei, while skeletal muscle fibers do not.
B) are not striated, while skeletal muscle fibers are.
C) are under voluntary control, while skeletal muscle fibers are not.
D) branch and form complex networks, while skeletal muscle fibers do not.
E) are cylindrical-shaped, while skeletal muscle fibers are spindle-shaped.

Question 38

Carcinomas are:

A) cancers that develop from connective tissue.
B) cancers that develop from muscle.
C) cancers that develop from epithelial tissue.
D) the migration of cancer cells through blood or lymph channels.
E) genes that transform normal cells into cancer cells.

Question 39

Bone cells called ____ continually remodel bone.

A) chondrocytes
B) adipocytes
C) osteons
D) osteocytes
E) fibroblasts

Question 40

Which types of cells or cell components play an essential role in the clotting of blood?

A) erythrocytes
B) platelets
C) leukocytes
D) hemoglobin
E) plasma

Question 41

Which scenario illustrates a homeostatic mechanism?

A) city buses transporting people from their houses to their jobs
B) water stored behind a dam that is released to make electricity
C) a thermostat keeping a house at 72 degrees
D) a series of underground passageways connected to a large building
E) the daily temperature variations during one season

Question 42

Figure 39-3 In the accompanying figure, the responses initiated at point A in response to an increase in body temperature include:

A) a decrease in sweating and panting
B) a decrease in muscle activity
C) a constriction of blood vessels
D) an increase in metabolism
E) shivering

Question 43

Ectothermic animals:

A) depend on heat from the external environment to adjust their body temperatures.
B) may dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow and heat to the skin.
C) maintain a relatively constant body temperature despite external temperatures.
D) may have feathers to keep them insulated.
E) may have body fat to keep them insulated.

Question 44

Which pairing accurately describes a one specific type of muscle tissue?

A) smooth muscle tissue - voluntary contraction
B) cardiac muscle tissue - involuntary contraction
C) smooth muscle tissue - attached to skeleton
D) skeletal muscle tissue - one nuclei per cell
E) skeletal muscle tissue - slowest speed of contraction

Question 45

Homeostatic mechanisms are processes that:

A) connect distant parts of the body by transporting materials.
B) store and release fuel needed for cellular respiration.
C) maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
D) are not affected by stressors.
E) deviate from a setpoint.

Question 46

In a negative feedback system, ____.

A) the response of the integrator is aligned with the output of the sensor
B) a sensor brings the system back to the setpoint
C) a steady state condition cannot be identified
D) the response of the integrator is opposite the output of the sensor
E) the resulting outcome is always greater than the input

Question 47

Acclimatization is the process by which animals adjust to seasonal changes. Which example is least characteristic of acclimatization?

A) An endotherm entering torpor
B) A horse's coat thickening in winter
C) A fish's metabolic rate slowing
D) A bear entering hibernation
E) A lizard basking in the sun

Question 48

Briefly discuss the structure and function and cardiac muscle.

Question 49

Thermoregulation in ectotherms can be accomplished by four of the following. Which action will not result in thermoregulation?

A) migrating
B) basking
C) burrowing
D) adapting to seasonal weather variations
E) increasing internal metabolism

Question 50

Explain the relationship between body size and multicellularity.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about stress is true?

A) It impacts only one organ system at a given time.
B) It does not influence the function of the nervous system.
C) It causes a body response in an attempt to maintain homeostasis.
D) It is characterized by a stable internal and external environment.
E) It maintains a stable condition within the body.

Question 52

Briefly discuss physiological mechanisms that regulate body temperature in endotherms.

Question 53

Briefly discuss five ways to decrease one's risk of developing cancer..

Question 54

Which statement best represents the difference between ectotherms and endotherms?

A) Ectotherms rely on homeostatic mechanisms to maintain body temperature.
B) Ectotherms have a very high daily energy expenditure.
C) Endotherms rely on behavior modification to maintain their body temperature.
D) Ectotherms derive heat from metabolic processes.
E) Ectotherms animals outnumber endotherms.

Question 55

Figure 39-3 Based on the accompanying figure, which of the following is not a response to a decrease in body temperature?

A) the release of thyroid hormone
B) the contraction of blood vessels
C) an increase in metabolic rate
D) an increase in voluntary movement
E) evaporation of water

Question 56

Identify and describe the functions of three different types of epithelial tissues.

Question 57

Which example represents a structural adaptation that an endotherm might make to maintain body temperature?

A) spraying oneself with water
B) seeking shade under a plant
C) increasing activity level
D) having feathers
E) shivering

Question 58

The ability of animals to adjust to seasonal changes in temperature is called:

A) acclimatization.
B) estivation.
C) homeostatic adjustment.
D) torpor.
E) hibernation.

Question 59

The state of torpor caused by lack of food or water during periods of high temperature is called:

A) acclimatization.
B) hibernation.
C) conformation.
D) estivation.
E) migration.

Question 60

Briefly discuss behavioral mechanisms that ectotherms can use to regulate their body temperature.

Question 61

The proteins, myosin and ribose play a key role in contraction of muscle fibers.

Question 62

Discuss the various aspects of cancer, such as the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor, communication in cancer cells, metastasis, and carcinogens.

Question 63

Reticular fibers are the most numerous type of fiber comprising connective tissue.
____________________

Question 64

Cuboidal epithelial cells are thin, flat cells.
____________________

Question 65

The human body's "thermostat" is the hypothalamus .
____________________

Question 66

Shivering helps decrease body temperature.
____________________

Question 67

The cells comprising pseudostratified epithelium occur in layers.
____________________

Question 68

Connective tissue contains three types of fibers: collagen, elastic, and cartilage .

Question 69

A(n) ectotherm 's metabolic rate changes with the weather.

Question 70

Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue.

Question 71

Glial cells support and nourish neurons.
____________________

Question 72

In bone, capillaries and nerves pass through Haversian canals .
____________________

Question 73

A serous membrane lines a body cavity that opens to the outside of the body.
____________________

Question 74

Ectotherms depend on the environment for their body heat.
____________________

Question 75

The cells of bone are called osteocytes.
____________________

Question 76

Positive feedback systems restore homeostasis.

Question 77

Epithelial tissues are attached to the underlying tissues by a basement membrane.
____________________

Question 78

Cardiac muscle fibers lack striations.
____________________

Question 79

Platelets are cellular fragments.
____________________

Question 80

Blood and lymph are circulating tissues that help other arts of the body communicate and interact.