Deck 11: Prisons and Jails

Question 1

The management structures of both police agencies and correctional facilities are similar in that both have: ​

A)a chain of command.
B)continuity of purpose.
C)a decentralized leadership structure.
D)an open system structure of command.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Quakers ' ideals that were integrated intoearly Pennsylvania prison consisted of: ​

A)humanity and restitution.
B)restitution and incarceration.
C)humanity and rehabilitation.
D)retribution and deterrence.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Early Pennsylvania ' s prisons were designed totransform wrongdoers intohonest citizens, while prisons in New York focused on: ​

A)idleness.
B)obedience.
C)penance.
D)privacy.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which level of prison is defined as a "correctional institution designed toallow inmates, most of whom pose low security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world"? ​

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Question 5

The________is ultimately responsible for the operation of a prison facility.

A)sheriff
B)attorney general
C)warden
D)governor

Question 6

At________, good behavior was rewarded by early release, and misbehavior was punished with extended time under a three-grade system of classification.

A)Auburn State Prison
B)the Eastern State Penitentiary
C)Elmira Reformatory
D)the Western State Penitentiary

Question 7

Whois responsible for the organization and operation of state corrections systems? ​

A)Governors
B)Sheriffs
C)Law enforcement
D)State prison authorities

Question 8

In which state was the first penitentiary opened? ​

A)Massachusetts
B)Illinois
C)New York
D)Pennsylvania

Question 9

Eventually, the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed tothe same problems that continue toplague institutions of confinement. What were these problems? ​

A)Excessive costs and overcrowding
B)Excessive costs and intruding politics
C)Intruding politics and overcrowding
D)overcrowding and violence

Question 10

The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that correctional facilities sometimes lack: ​

A)a chain of command.
B)bureaucracy.
C)continuity of purpose.
D)a military structure.

Question 11

An essay by__________provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing tolower recidivism rates.

A)Edwin Sutherland
B)J. Edgar Hoover
C)Robert Martinson
D)Zebulon Brockway

Question 12

Which prison design is composed of a "wagon-wheel"- like structure that was created with the dual goals of separation and control? ​

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial style
D)Telephone-pole design ​

Question 13

The level of prison that is defined as "a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures toavoid violence and escapes" is known as: ​

A)maximum-security prison.
B)medium-security prison.
C)minimum-security prison.
D)supermax prison.

Question 14

Which of the following is NoT one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated populations? ​

A)Federal prison growth
B)Increased probability of incarceration
C)Inmates serving more time for each crime
D)Private prisons ​

Question 15

What type of prison design is typical for minimum-security prisons? ​

A)Campus style
B)Courtyard style
C)Radial design
D)Telephone-pole design

Question 16

Which is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another sothat they would have an environment in which toreflect on their wrongdoing, and ponder their reformation? ​

A)Jail
B)Penitentiary
C)Prison
D)Church communities

Question 17

Which level of prison is considered a correctional institution designed and organized tocontrol and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape, with intense supervision, cement walls, and electronic, barbed wire fences? ​

A)Maximum-security prisons
B)Medium-security prisons
C)Minimum-security prisons
D)Supermax prisons

Question 18

The________prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates whohave extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates, including extensive u

A)maximum-security
B)medium-security
C)minimum-security
D)supermax

Question 19

The__________held that institutions should offer a variety of programs and therapies tocure inmates of their "ills," whatever their root causes.

A)congregate system
B)medical model
C)separate confinement system
D)community model

Question 20

What is the main purpose of the supermax prison? ​

A)Toallow inmates tohave access tothe best trained correctional officers
B)Tohouse high-profile inmates in a comfortable setting
C)Toprovide rehabilitation tothe inmate
D)Tostrictly control the inmates ' movements

Question 21

The United States has a dual prison system that parallels its dual court system. ​

Question 22

The incentive toprivatize is primarily to: ​

A)best rehabilitate inmates.
B)decrease the cost of incarceration.
C)increase public safety.
D)increase the salaries of correctional officers.

Question 23

Incarceration rates have increased dramatically, due in large part to: ​

A)terrorism.
B)harsher penalties for sex offenders.
C)the war on drugs.
D)the increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults.

Question 24

The first penitentiary was built in England in 1791. ​

Question 25

The warden is ultimately responsible for the operation of a prison. ​

Question 26

How are jails different than prisons? ​

A)Jails are operated by county and city governments.
B)Jails only house inmates whohave been convicted of a crime.
C)Jails house inmates whohave sentences than longer than one year.
D)Jails offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs.

Question 27

The correctional system in the American colonies differed very little from that of England. ​

Question 28

The main difference between police and prison organizations is that police departments have a chain of command that is sometimes lacking in prison organizations. ​

Question 29

Progressive theories had a huge impact on prisons as many prison administrators supported the Progressives and their followers. ​

Question 30

Having a parent in prison puts a child at greater risk of: ​

A)suffering financial hardship.
B)reduced supervision.
C)reduced discipline.
D)all of these.

Question 31

Case 11-1 The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called intoan emergency session topass a budget. one of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how tocut the corrections budget. ​
The lawmakers in favor of privatization make the argument that the federal government is utilizing private prisons and that the number of federal inmates in private prisons more than doubled between 2000 and 2010. The current emphasis on imprisoning violators of _______ law seems likely toensure that this trend will continue. ​

A)bankruptcy
B)rule
C)immigration
D)terrorism

Question 32

The "new penology" was put intopractice at New York's Elmira Reformatory in 1876. ​

Question 33

Case 11-1 The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The legislature was called intoan emergency session topass a budget. one of the major areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how tocut the corrections budget. ​
One lawmaker believes that the best way toreduce correctional costs is toprivatize the prison system. He makes several arguments as tohow privatization of prisons will reduce the overall budget. Which of the following is NoT one of the reasons the lawmaker would give toprove his point? ​

A)Competitive bidding
B)Fewer programs toinmates
C)Labor costs
D)Less red tape

Question 34

Which of the following is NoT one of the roles performed by jails? ​

A)Hold individuals convicted of felonies
B)Receive individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial
C)Temporarily detain juveniles pending transfer tojuvenile authorities
D)Hold the mentally ill pending transfer tohealth facilities

Question 35

Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than: ​

A)one hundred inmates.
B)seventy-five inmates.
C)fifty inmates.
D)twohundred inmates.

Question 36

High rates of incarceration likely lead to: ​

A)higher rates of criminal offending.
B)greater democratic participation.
C)increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated. ​
D)a decline in the unemployment rate.

Question 37

Which of the following is a correctional facility, usually operated by county government and is used tohold persons either awaiting trial, those whohave been found guilty of misdemeanors, or those convicted of a felony and are awaiting a bed in a state-level prison facility?  ​

A)Jail
B)Day reporting center
C)Medium-security prison
D)Minimum-security prison

Question 38

The main argument against private prisons is: ​

A)there is toomuch red tape involved in their management.
B)the operators cut corners.
C)conditions are primitive and unsanitary.
D)they are tooexpensive.

Question 39

Most jails are administered by: ​

A)municipal police.
B)county sheriffs.
C)state government.
D)federal government.

Question 40

Like their counterparts in state prisons, jail inmates are overwhelmingly _____________. ​

A)teenagers
B)older minority adults
C)young male adults
D)young white adults

Question 41

The incentive toprivatize prison is primarily financial. ​

Question 42

A(n)________________________is a correctional facility reserved for the "worst of the worst" of America's corrections populations.

Question 43

Those whobelieve that private prisons are a philosophical concern believe that only the____________________ has the authority topunish wrongdoers and operate prisons.

Question 44

____________________________are the wages of public employees that account for nearly two-thirds of a government-run prison's operating expenses.

Question 45

The high cost of imprisonment has caused policymakers toconsider a number of different methods toreduce the number of people in prison. ​

Question 46

____________________are correctional facilities authorized tohold pretrial detainees, offenders whohave committed misdemeanors, or convicted felons awaiting prison bed space in a state-level prison.

Question 47

The number of women incarcerated in prisons has begun toslowly decline over the past few decades. ​

Question 48

A disciplinary action taken by prison officials in which all inmates are ordered totheir quarters and nonessential prison activities are suspended. This is called____.

Question 49

For most states looking tocut corrections costs, the focus has been on________________________, which is the reduction of inmate populations.

Question 50

There is noparole in the federal prison system. ​

Question 51

Individuals whocannot post bail after arrest and are therefore forced tospend the time prior totheir trial incarcerated in jail are referred toas__________________.

Question 52

A linear designed jail uses direct supervision where one or more jail officers are stationed in the living area of the pod and are in constant interaction with all prisoners in that pod. ​

Question 53

The_______________system was used at Auburn State Prison, where inmates worked and ate together during the day, while returning totheir solitary cells at night.

Question 54

Much of the growth in the number of Americans behind bars can be attributed tothe enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation ' s drug laws. ​

Question 55

Children of convicts are at a higher risk than their peers for antisocial behavior and mental health problems. ​

Question 56

A_____________________________-security prison allows inmates tohave a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world.

Question 57

The Pennsylvania system used the________system, which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary in which inmates were kept apart from one another at all times, with daily activities taking place in individual cells.

Question 58

The______________________were greatly responsible for the spread of indeterminate sentences, probation, community sanctions, and parole in the first half of the twentieth century in the United States.

Question 59

Most inmates in the United States today are housed at the medium-security prison level. ​

Question 60

The process through which prison officials screen each incoming inmate tobest determine that inmate's security and treatment needs is referred toas ______________________. ​

Question 61

You are a warden of a small county jail, located in rural Alabama. Your county commissioner has suggested that you start charging inmates a fee of $10 a day for meals. The final bill for each inmates' meals would have tobe paid prior tohis/her official release. You must decide if you are going toimplement such a plan for your facility. What doyou dodecide todo, and why? Please fully explain your answer.

Question 62

Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system. ​

Question 63

Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania and the New York penitentiary theories.

Question 64

Solitary confinement refers tothe disciplinary practice of confining inmates by themselves in small cells for more than twenty-twohours each day over the course of weeks, months, or even years. These inmates are not sentenced tosolitary confinement by a judge, and for most of them, the assignment has noconnection with their original offense. Rather, solitary confinement is most commonly used as punishment by a correctional administrator for disciplinary infractions such as failure toobey an order given by a prison official. At present, you have been recently appointed as the Attorney General of the state of West Virginia. Due tothree recent federal lawsuits against your state for human rights violations suffered by inmates in solitary confinement in state correctional facilities, your state senate judicial committee has asked you tocreate some new policies regarding the appropriate usage of solitary confinement. In your policies, you must include safeguards toprotect those inmates whomay end up receiving this disciplinary action. Please outline your policies and safeguards which you seek torecommend toyour state senate judicial committee.

Question 65

Besides the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation ' s drug laws, what other reasons are recognized for growth in the incarcerated population? Identify and briefly discuss each.

Question 66

As a deputy warden at a large federal prison, you have seen a rise in inmates being sentenced toyour facility that have preexisting drug and alcohol dependency issues. In fact, 8 out of every 10 inmates in your facility (which houses 900 inmates)has a significant drug/alcohol issue upon entry. At your monthly staff meeting with the warden, you bring this negative information about addiction toher attention. She agrees that this is a major problem, and asks that an action plan be devised toassist inmates with their addiction-related issues. You offer tospearhead this initiative and the warden agrees. She asks you tocome up with an idea by the next staff meeting. Create a preliminary action plan toassist these inmates. In your plan, discuss details regarding the who, what, where, how, and why of your plan.

Question 67

What are the benefits of privatizing prisons? What are the potential drawbacks? Lastly, why domost experts anticipate that the private prison industry will continue toexpand in the future? Be sure tofully explain your answer.

Question 68

As the local sheriff, you are responsible for running a large county jail. You have seen rising operation and maintenance costs for a number of different reasons, including increased drug arrests, lack of bed space at state prisons for the recently convicted, and lack of medical bed space for violent mental health patients at local hospitals. At present, you are understaffed and have many health and safety issues due tothe age of your facility. You have been asked by the county commissioners tocome up with some suggestions on how togenerate revenue tohelp offset some of the costs. What will you suggest tothe county commissioners and why? Please fully explain your plan. 
​

Question 69

Identify and discuss the four types of prisons.

Question 70

Time spent in jail prior totrial is often credited toward an offender's sentence as________________________.

Question 71

Discuss new-generation jails.

Question 72

You are a newly appointed warden for a maximum security prison that houses the most violent offenders in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In fact, of the roughly twodozen prisons in the state, your facility houses the most inmates serving life in prison. The warden whopreceded you opted toretire due tothe frustration of logistically separating somany violent groups within prisons walls. For example, your prison houses eighteen different violent prison gangs, many with long violent histories between them. As the newly appointed warden, you know that new programs must be created totry tocombat the violence between inmates and the violence between inmates and officers. What will you do? Please detail a plan of action outlining some new programs, along with your rationale for how and why you are choosing toimplement them.

Question 73

Discuss the reformers/Progressives and their impact on corrections.

Question 74

Describe the formal prison management system, including organization and management.

Question 75

Explain the troubling characteristics of many jail inmates of today that make the management of jails difficult for sheriffs' departments.

Question 76

A(n)_______________ jail is a type of jail that is distinguished architecturally from its predecessors by a design that encourages interaction between inmates and jailers and that offers greater opportunities for treatment. ​

Question 77

A process of prison and jail administration in which correctional officers are in continuous physical contact with inmates during the day is __________________________________. ​