Deck 7: Adolescence

Question 1

The physical growth spurt associated with the onset of puberty usually begins

A)at age 12 for boys and 10 for girls.
B)at age 10 for boys and 12 for girls.
C)at age 10 for both girls and boys.
D)at age 12 for both girls and boys.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How is adolescent identity affected by racial status?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.​

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of the onset of puberty for boys?

A)Growth of armpit hair
B)Enlargement of testes
C)Wet dreams
D)Increased aggressive behavior

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The _______, also referred to as the gonad(s), is/are part(s)of the endocrine system.

A)testes
B)ovaries
C)hypothalamus
D)testes and ovaries

Question 5

Discuss two types of parenting styles. Which style is considered the most effective with adolescents and why?

Question 6

The impact of puberty on adolescent development

A)is the single most significant factor.
B)is not as significant as it was once believe to be.
C)has been discovered to be essentially irrelevant.
D)is more significant than it was once believed to be.

Question 7

Discuss the purpose of using social skills training with adolescents. Why is this an effective mode of prevention and intervention with adolescents?

Question 8

Discuss the concept of egocentric thought in adolescents. Describe the following terms:  imaginary audience and personal fable.

Question 9

The gonads secrete hormones _________ from testes, and _________ from the ovaries.

A)gonadotropins; endocrine
B)androgen; estrogen
C)gonadotropins; estrogen
D)endocrine; estrogen

Question 10

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with an early maturing boy?

A)More successful peer relationships
B)Greater sexual experimentation
C)Greater self confidence
D)Higher self-esteem

Question 11

How does the onset of puberty differ for males and females? Discuss some of the psychosocial stressors that are related to these differences and the male and female reactions to early and late maturation.

Question 12

Discuss the developmental transition into adolescence. What type of stress does the adolescent experience in this transition?

Question 13

Discuss the factors that have been found to influence adolescent self-esteem. Discuss differences that can be seen for males and females.

Question 14

Early maturing girls are likely to experience

A)better academic progress.
B)better athletic performance.
C)body-image dissatisfaction.
D)friendship difficulties.

Question 15

The secular trend refers to the age of menarche, which

A)has increased an average of four months every 10 years for the past century.
B)has remained stable since it was first recorded in the 1800s.
C)has decreased an average of four months every 10 years for the past century.
D)in the United States today is 15 years old.

Question 16

Adolescence represents what stage, according to Erikson?

A)Identity vs. identity confusion
B)Self-discovery vs. discovery confusion
C)Peer acceptance vs. peer rejection
D)Autonomy vs. conformity

Question 17

The "master gland" regulates a number of other glands in the adolescent's body. Which of the following is considered the "master gland"?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Endocrine gland
C)Pituitary gland
D)Apocrine gland

Question 18

Discuss the relationship between the development of formal operational thinking and moral development.

Question 19

Why do families experience an increase in conflict when their children reach adolescence? How must the developmental tasks of the family accommodate the developmental tasks of the adolescent?

Question 20

Early maturation

A)is generally perceived as positive by boys.
B)is generally perceived as positive by girls.
C)is generally perceived as negative by boys.
D)is generally perceived as negative by girls.

Question 21

Identity development can be more complex for adolescents of color because

A)they become increasingly aware of their differences.
B)they must reconcile their lives from two contrasting cultural systems.
C)they typically reject the majority culture and must develop a positive image as part of being members of an ethnic group.
D)None of the above.

Question 22

Research has found that the adolescent's __________ parents promotes __________ in the adolescent's identity development.

A)connectedness to; individuation
B)independence from; separateness
C)independence from; self-assertion
D)connectedness to; immaturity

Question 23

Current research has supported the fact that

A)the majority of adolescents are well adjusted, get along well with peers and parents, and cope well with their inteneral and external environments.
B)adolescence is still characterized as a time of "storm and stress."
C)adolescence is a normal period of serious difficulty.
D)adolescence is associated with uncontrolled sexual and aggressive impulses.

Question 24

In general, studies of adolescent communication patterns indicate

A)boys talk more about relationships while girls talk more about feelings.
B)girls talk more about knowledge and experience while boys talk more about themselves.
C)both boys and girls talk more in terms of competitive conversation.
D)boys talk more about knowledge and experience while girls talk more about themselves and their feelings.

Question 25

The following are examples of how parents can help adolescents resist conformist thinking, EXCEPT

A)parents need to be independent individuals and model independent thinking and behavior.
B)parents should talk about the value of being independent.
C)parents should challenge the "group morality" of stage 3 thinking.
D)parents should talk about the importance of being popular.

Question 26

Kohlberg believes adolescent moral development

A)focuses on people's connectedness to others and their care perspective.
B)begins in Stage 4 Responsibility to the System and progresses to Stage 5 Principled Conscience.
C)progresses into Stage 3 Interpersonal Conformity and then to Stage 4 Responsibility to the System.
D)attains the highest level possible during this time as young people search for moral equality between themselves and others.

Question 27

Formal operational thought involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)abstract thought.
B)concrete operations.
C)flexible thinking.
D)hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Question 28

In a study of moods in adolescence, researchers found that

A)adolescents are quite emotionally stable.
B)when adolescents get into bad moods they have a difficult time transitioning to good moods.
C)adolescents can be moody and they transition from one mood to the next over a period of several hours.
D)adolescents can have extreme mood swings from happiness to sadness within 45 minutes.

Question 29

Jenny's boyfriend Billy broke up with her. Afterwards, Jenny thought she was not worthy of a boyfriend. Then she remembered that Jimmy was interested in being her boyfriend. She concluded that some boys will like her romantically, and others will not. Jenny's thinking is an example of

A)testing hypotheses.
B)expansion of thought.
C)thinking about thoughts.
D)thinking about possibilities.

Question 30

Because adolescents are concerned about confidentiality, they

A)engage in a variety of health-risk behaviors.
B)seek health care services less frequently than any other age group.
C)refrain from posting their personal information online.
D)prefer to speak face-to-face with their friends.

Question 31

is the status that describes the adolescent who is currently experiencing a crisis and is actively exploring values, ideologies, and beliefs.

A)Identity achievement
B)Identity diffusion
C)Identity moratorium
D)Identity foreclosure

Question 32

Adolescent brain development

A)is really complete because the brain's gray matter expands.
B)shows advanced functioning related to emotions and problem solving.
C)is limited because the myelin sheath is still developing.
D)is equal to a young adult's brain development.

Question 33

Adolescent self-esteem

A)is highest among girls who matured early and started to date.
B)appears to be at its lowest point during early adolescence (12 to 14 years old).
C)remains steady during the teen years.
D)is lowest at middle adolescence when young people are preparing for their last stage of being adolescents.

Question 34

The following statement reflects which identity status: "I've never really questioned my religion.  If it's right for my parents, so it must be right for me."

A)Identity foreclosure
B)Identity diffusion
C)Identity moratorium
D)Identity achievement

Question 35

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding adolescents in the foster care system?

A)They are at a higher risk than the general population for psychosocial and medical problems.
B)They often suffer from low self-esteem.
C)They frequently experience school and behavior problems.
D)They have not typically experienced family dysfunction.

Question 36

"I have a hard time being outgoing with a large number of people" is an example of what regulation skill?

A)Moral development
B)Foreclosure
C)Social cognitive monitoring
D)Personal fable

Question 37

Studies have found that adolescents interpret facial expression less accurately than adults because

A)adolescents' neurons are surrounded by an excess of myelin sheath.
B)adults have more experience in understanding emotions.
C)adolescents do not rely enough on the amygdala, which governs emotional responses.
D)adults are able to rely on their fully developed prefrontal cortex, which guides planning, problem-solving, and judgment.

Question 38

Adolescents' cognitive development is at what stage of development, according to Piaget?

A)Moral development thinking
B)Self-reflective thinking
C)Concrete thinking
D)Formal operations

Question 39

Adolescents have different sleep needs than youth in middle childhood, including

A)enhanced alertness in the mornings, which is why they start school earlier.
B)the need for two more hours of sleep per night.
C)changes in circadian rhythms leading teens to be more alert in the afternoons and evenings.
D)feeling sleepy in the evenings.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a major strategy for enhancing adolescents' self-concepts?

A)Encouraging achievement
B)Expressing anger
C)Promoting competencies in specific areas
D)Developing coping skills

Question 41

Parent-adolescent conflict is best viewed as

A)a period of storm and stress.
B)rebellion against parents.
C)the result of a generation gap.
D)disagreements that are a normal part of the transition to adolescence.

Question 42

Peer pressure and conformity are greatest

A)in early adolescence.
B)in middle adolescence.
C)in late adolescence.
D)in both middle and late adolescence.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)In childhood, more boys than girls are depressed.
B)The most significant factor related to depression in girls is body image.
C)Girls who spend more time in feminine activities are more likely to be depressed.
D)Both boys and girls perceive their maturing bodies negatively.

Question 44

Adolescents often believe that their thoughts and feelings are unique, that no one can understand what it is like to be them, and that they are indestructible. Elkind refers to this as

A)narcissism.
B)imaginary audience.
C)personal fable.
D)externalizing disorder.

Question 45

Studies have found that         of young people commit delinquent acts.

A)25%
B)50%
C)80%
D)10%

Question 46

The most prevalent characteristic of the runaway episode is

A)substance abuse problems.
B)attempted suicide.
C)parents with alcohol or drug problems.
D)physically or sexually abused in the home.

Question 47

The highest rates of suicide occur among

A)whites.
B)African Americans.
C)American Indians and Alaskan Natives.
D)Hispanics.

Question 48

A common and well-established treatment approach for delinquent youth is

A)parent training.
B)individual therapy.
C)psychoanalytic therapy.
D)reality therapy.

Question 49

Egocentrism is

A)a type of thought that is characterized by preoccupation with one's behavior, feeling, or thoughts in a self-conscious manner.
B)the belief that others are preoccupied with the adolescent's behavior.
C)the adolescent's sense that they are indestructible and unique.
D)the internalizing disorder well known in adolescence.

Question 50

Non-lethal self-injury has been cited as a way to

A)enhance athletic ability.
B)commit suicide.
C)improve cognitive functioning.
D)express pain.

Question 51

Which of the following key factors has NOT been associated with influencing adolescents' sexual behavior?

A)Church attendance
B)Good parent-adolescent communication
C)Being popular
D)Parental discipline

Question 52

Gangs appear

A)to reflect increased anomie in society.
B)to lead to early early sexual experimentation.
C)to be related to the developmental need for young people to associate with peer groups.
D)to be related to a developmental need for young people to challenge adult authority.

Question 53

Social skills training is a treatment strategy that focuses on the following EXCEPT

A)learning what to say in social encounters.
B)learning a set of skills for use with different social situations.
C)learning skills to prevent problems.
D)learning independently, without group member involvement.

Question 54

Gilligan's research found that the way to womanhood during adolescence was accompanied by a(n)________ of the self.

A)increasing sense
B)psychological expression
C)falling away
D)None of the above because Gilligan did not research this topic.

Question 55

_____________________ assumes that problem behavior in young people can be understood in terms of their not having the ability to cope with various situational demands.

A)Behavioral modification
B)Conduct disorder treatment
C)Social cognitive monitoring
D)Social skills training

Question 56

AIDS is caused by

A)a disease that is in the blood.
B)a virus that destroys the immune system and leads to opportunistic infections.
C)a chemical reaction when AIDS blood cells enter another person's body.
D)None of the above.

Question 57

In regards to the developmental theme of the parent-adolescent relationship--control vs. autonomy, studies indicate

A)that authoritative parenting compared to other parenting styles leads to adolescents with greater psychological health.
B)that authoritarian parenting compared to other parenting styles leads to adolescents with great psychological health.
C)that laissez-faire parenting compared to other parenting styles leads to adolescents with greater psychological health.
D)no relationship between parenting styles and the psychological health of the adolescent.

Question 58

Homeless young people

A)are rarely eligible for welfare benefits, and shelters are not required to accept them.
B)seldom come from foster homes or group homes because these homes are monitored more than private homes.
C)are seldom alcohol dependent.
D)although sexually active, report few pregnancies.

Question 59

Factors that predict high school dropouts include all of the following EXCEPT

A)living in poverty.
B)lack of interest in school.
C)poor attendance.
D)less than 15 hours of work per week.

Question 60

Androgyny refers to

A)girls who are more masculine than feminine.
B)boys who are more feminine than masculine.
C)the combination of masculine and feminine behaviors in the same person.
D)identifying as asexual.

Question 61

Jaime has a pimple on her face. She won't go to school because everyone will notice her pimple. This is an example of

A)narcissism.
B)imaginary audience.
C)personal fable.
D)externalizing disorder.

Question 62

Substance Use Prevention programs like D.A.R.E.

A)are successful in preventing drug use.
B)are immediately successful in preventing drug use, but the effects go away as the students grow older.
C)have no impact.
D)actually cause students to increase their substance use.

Question 63

As a result of the AIDS epidemic,

A)more adolescent boys are using condoms but most adolescents still do not understand much about how the virus is transmitted.
B)fewer adolescent boys are using condoms and most adolescents are not knowledgeable about how the virus is transmitted.
C)fewer adolescent boys are using condoms but most are knowledgeable about how the virus is transmitted.
D)more adolescent boys are using condoms and most adolescents are knowledgeable about how the virus is transmitted.

Question 64

Mitchell thinks that Gary and his friends are all "hipsters." Mitchell's communication reflects that he is likely in the developmental period of

A)early childhood.
B)middle childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)early adulthood.

Question 65

The asset-building approach

A)focuses on stopping problems (intervention).
B)focuses on preventing problems.
C)promotes strategies to build the assets of parents.
D)focuses on increasing exposure to positive and constructive activities.

Question 66

The consequences of early pregnancy for adolescents includes all of the  following EXCEPT

A)low birth weight.
B)increased likelihood of infant mortality.
C)increased likelihood of multiple births.
D)prolonged labor.

Question 67

Research on the sexual activity of adolescents indicates that

A)over one quarter of all adolescents have experienced sexual intercourse by the 10th grade.
B)over half of all adolescents have experienced sexual intercourse by the 12th grade.
C)over one-third of all adolescents have experienced sexual intercourse by the 12th grade.
D)over 90% of all adolescents have experienced sexual intercourse prior to completing high school.

Question 68

The adolescent pregnancy rate

A)is lower in Sweden and adolescents are more sexually active at an earlier age.
B)is higher in Sweden and adolescents are more sexually active at an earlier age.
C)is higher in countries like Sweden and England where there is more exposure to sex education curriculums.
D)is lower in Sweden and adolescents are less sexually active at an earlier age.

Question 69

Homosexual adolescents are more likely than heterosexual youth to experience the following EXCEPT

A)depression and suicide attempts.
B)social isolation.
C)school dropout.
D)delinquency.

Question 70

Julia says she can tell her best friend Macy anything. They share secrets and are always there for each other. Julie and Macy are likely in the developmental period of

A)infancy.
B)early childhood.
C)middle childhood.
D)adolescence.

Question 71

Research suggests that rates of assault, rape, and robbery against those aged 12-19 years old are _____________the adult population as a whole.

A)the same as
B)two to three times lower than
C)two to three times higher than
D)more than six times lower than

Question 72

Harper has lost both of her parents as a child, and yet, she continues to do well. Harper has optimism, an active coping style, and positive relationships with family extended members. Harper is considered

A)magical.
B)stress-resistant.
C)exceptional.
D)unusual.

Question 73

Vanessa is 15 years old and is being prosecuted for shop-lifting while with her friends. According to Steinberg (2015), she should be

A)held less culpable than an adult.
B)held equally culpable as an adult.
C)be forced to tell the names of her friends who were with her.
D)be let go without punishment.

Question 74

Teenage fathers

A)are almost always absent and unwilling to participate in parenting.
B)most often deny their involvement in creating the pregnancy.
C)are willing and interested in participating in parenting.
D)are interested in the baby but unwilling to provide financial support.