Deck 11: Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood 

Question 1

Most friendships are based on

A)choice and high reciprocity.
B)choice and low reciprocity.
C)strict rules and high reciprocity.
D)strict rules and low reciprocity.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The text authors suggest that the strong intimate sharing component that characterizes female friendships but not male friendships is due to females having more comfort with their

A)sexuality.
B)language skills.
C)intellect.
D)vulnerability.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which is not one of the three components of love, according to Sternberg?

A)Intimacy
B)Sociability
C)Commitment
D)Passion

Answer 3

B

Question 4

People tend to have the most acquaintances/friends during

A)young adulthood.
B)middle adulthood.
C)late adulthood.
D)latest adulthood.

Question 5

In online friendships, ____ is an important factor because visual cues may not be present to verify the information being presented.

A)verbal clarity
B)anonymity
C)trust
D)compatibility

Question 6

While Victor and Victoria have very strong sexual feelings for each other, they have little interest in intimacy or commitment. This type of relationship is best described as

A)infatuation.
B)friendship.
C)consummate love.
D)companionate love.

Question 7

The fact that Bert's friend Ernie keeps him amused by telling funny stories best illustrates the ____ dimension of friendship.

A)shared
B)affective
C)sociability
D)communal

Question 8

Siegfried and Roy have been friends for many years. In the past few months, however, they seem to have less in common, and Roy has been thinking more about hanging out with a potential new friend. Siegfried and Roy appear to be in the ____ stage of friendship development.

A)buildup
B)continuation
C)acquaintanceship
D)deterioration

Question 9

When discussing his new girlfriend, Mickey says, "I can tell her everything about myself." Mickey clearly feels ____ toward his girlfriend.

A)commitment
B)passion
C)infatuation
D)intimacy

Question 10

Calliope is a typical woman who works in an office and likes to play handball. Who is most likely to be her friend?

A)Athena, who also likes to play handball
B)Hera, who works in the same office
C)Aphrodite, who is someone in whom Calliope can confide
D)Venus, who likes to party

Question 11

Rhett and Scarlet have a relationship characterized by a lifetime of marriage characterized by little physical desire and no sharing of thoughts or feelings. This relationship is best described as one of strong

A)intimacy.
B)passion.
C)commitment.
D)infatuation.

Question 12

Eric and Jon have been friends for many years, but recently, their friendship could be described as in the deterioration stage. Which factor is most likely to bring the relationship to the ending stage?

A)Eric and Jon move away from each other.
B)Eric develops a mental disorder.
C)Eric and Jon find new friends.
D)Jon gets married, and Eric remains single.

Question 13

Sanford's friendships tend to be based on self-disclosure and intimacy. This exemplifies the ____ component of friendship.

A)contextual
B)sociability
C)shared
D)affective

Question 14

The initial stage in friendship development is called

A)buildup.
B)continuation.
C)acquaintanceship.
D)deterioration.

Question 15

A relative strength of online friendships involves the ability of the user to

A)know exactly who they are dealing with.
B)control the level of intimacy in the relationship.
C)ensure compatibility.
D)meet in a less anonymous manner than in face-to-face friendships.

Question 16

Juliet wants Romeo physically, and she wants him badly! Juliet is most likely experiencing

A)intimacy.
B)passion.
C)commitment.
D)companionate love.

Question 17

How could Gene's relationship with Peggy reflect the communal component of adult friendship?

A)He could view her quirky personality as a source of amusement.
B)He could support her interest in skydiving by going along with her on a jump.
C)He could disclose his love for her.
D)He could indicate loyalty by defending her even though she is wrong.

Question 18

Hansel (a male)and Gretel (a female)are best friends. If their cross-gender friendship is typical of most, Hansel's biggest misperception concerning Gretel would likely be

A)overperceiving Gretel's level of sexual interest in him.
B)overperceiving Gretel's need for emotional intimacy in the friendship.
C)underperceiving Gretel's intelligence.
D)underperceiving Gretel's jealousy.

Question 19

The phrase, "till death do you part," which is often said during marriage services, offers a good example of

A)passion.
B)romantic love.
C)commitment.
D)consummate love.

Question 20

Friendship relationships differ from love relationships in that they are

A)less emotionally intense and less sexual.
B)less emotionally intense and more sexual.
C)more emotionally intense and less sexual.
D)more emotionally intense and more sexual.

Question 21

Surveys indicate that nearly ____ couples in the United States meet online.

A)one in every 5
B)one in every 10
C)one in every 15
D)one in every 20

Question 22

According to Kahlil Gibran, author of The Prophet , the two sides of love are

A)passion and intimacy.
B)fear and  friendship.
C)ecstasy and pain.
D)sex and caring.

Question 23

The "intimacy" component of love is most similar to the ____ theme of adult friendships.

A)sociability
B)shared or communal nature
C)passion ​
D)affective

Question 24

Physical attractiveness is

A)unimportant in love relationships for both males and females.
B)unimportant in love relationships for females but important for males.
C)important in love relationships for females but unimportant for males.
D)important in love relationships for both males and females.

Question 25

Who is most likely to have a positive internal working model of herself and a negative model of others?

A)Bee, who has a secure romantic attachment
B)Carla, who has a dismissing romantic attachment
C)Gail, who has a preoccupied romantic attachment
D)Sela, who has a fearful romantic attachment

Question 26

Research suggests that casual sex is

A)desired by both men and women and frequently regretted by both men and women.
B)desired by men only and frequently regretted by women.
C)desired by both men and women but only regretted by women.
D)desired by women and frequently regretted by men.

Question 27

According to research by Buss and colleagues, a(n)____ man looking for a prospective mate would be most concerned about the woman's cooking competence and chastity status.

A)Chinese
B)Italian
C)Swedish
D)British

Question 28

Arnold is a highly educated, intelligent young man with a less than pleasing disposition. As such, he is most likely to be viewed as an excellent potential mate

A)in every culture in the world.
B)nowhere in the world.
C)in some cultures but not in other cultures.
D)only in the United States.

Question 29

Kalminjn and Flap (2001)found that ____ tended to promote strong homogamy in relationships.

A)meeting other members of one's family
B)living in the same neighborhood
C)meeting in school
D)seeking a mate with different characteristics than yourself

Question 30

A relationship in which one individual becomes violent or aggressive toward the other is classified as a(n)____ relationship.

A)abusive
B)consummate
C)reciprocal
D)homogenous

Question 31

In their cross-cultural study of mate selection, Buss and colleagues found that the characteristic of ____ showed the most variation as to whether it was important to mate selection.

A)intelligence
B)chastity
C)physical attractiveness
D)social status

Question 32

According to research cited in your text, approximately ____ percent of marriages in India are arranged.

A)5
B)75
C)80
D)95

Question 33

When discussing his relationship with his wife Amber, Travis says, "I have this very strong sense of commitment and tranquility." Researchers have suggested that the neurophysiological basis of this feeling may be due to brain chemicals related to

A)cocaine.
B)morphine.
C)alcohol.
D)cannabis.

Question 34

Which statement best reflects the principle of assortative mating?

A)Opposites attract.
B)Love the one you're with.
C)Birds of a feather flock together. ​
D)You can't teach an old dog new tricks.

Question 35

Research on the biology of physical attraction suggests that neurochemicals related to ____ underlie the feeling of exhilaration that often is experienced when you fall in love.

A)barbiturates
B)hallucinogens
C)amphetamines
D)narcotics

Question 36

Toni and Tim have just gotten married. Which component of love is most likely to be stronger 20 years from now than it is today?

A)Commitment
B)Passion
C)Intimacy ​
D)Infatuation

Question 37

Surveys indicate that nearly ____ couples in the Australia meet online.

A)one in every 5
B)one in every 10
C)one in every 15
D)one in every 20

Question 38

When deciding on a potential mate, Fletcher says, "I just need to find someone a lot like me." This statement fits very well with ____ theory.

A)sociocultural
B)assortative mating
C)crystallization
D)blended family

Question 39

Surveys indicate that nearly ____ couples in Spain and the United Kingdom meet online.

A)one in every 5
B)one in every 10
C)one in every 15
D)one in every 20

Question 40

The assortative mating theory proposes that initial mate selection is based primarily on

A)similarity.
B)instincts.
C)random factors.
D)love.

Question 41

Chole announces to her long-time boyfriend that they should cohabitate as a step toward marriage. This indicates that Chole is interested in

A)limited cohabitation.
B)part-time cohabitation.
C)premarital cohabitation.
D)a substitute marriage.

Question 42

An in-depth study of never-married women in their 30s identified three major distinct groups. Which was not one of these groups?

A)Distressed and longing to be married with children
B)Struggling with issues of sexual orientation
C)Wanting both to be married and to be single
D)Single and happily satisfied

Question 43

Which statement concerning singlehood, marriage, and sex differences in the United States is true?

A)Males feel more societal pressure to marry.
B)Males marry at a later age.
C)Females seldom have unresolved feelings about remaining single.
D)Females tend to "marry down" to males with lower social and educational status.

Question 44

For most people, the decision to remain permanently single is

A)made in the teenage years.
B)due to the untimely death of their "one true love."
C)driven by economic factors.
D)the result of gradual circumstances, not a lifestyle choice.

Question 45

The causes of aggressive behavior become more ____ as the level of aggressive behavior increases.

A)complex
B)simple
C)obvious ​
D)external

Question 46

O'Leary (1993)presents a continuum of aggressive behavior in abusive relationships anchored by ____ on one end and ____ on the other end.

A)physical aggression; verbal aggression
B)severe aggression; murder
C)verbal aggression; murder
D)physical aggression; murder

Question 47

Worldwide, about 10 percent to about ____ percent of women report being physically assaulted or raped.

A)25
B)40
C)55
D)70

Question 48

Which statement is true?

A)Women are not as violent as men in heterosexual relationships but are more violent in homosexual relationships.
B)Men are not as violent as women in heterosexual relationships but are more violent in homosexual relationships.
C)Women are not as violent as men in either heterosexual relationships or homosexual relationships.
D)Men are not as violent as women in either heterosexual relationships or homosexual relationships.

Question 49

Singlehood is

A)increasing in African-American and Latino-American women.
B)increasing in African-American and decreasing in Latino-American women.
C)decreasing in African-American and increasing in Latino-American women.
D)decreasing in African-American and Latino-American women.

Question 50

Part-time or limited cohabitation is usually undertaken because of

A)a strong desire to marry.
B)religious reasons.
C)convenience or sexual accessibility.
D)pregnancy.

Question 51

Ken and Barbie are sexually active singles who are discussing the idea of moving in together. They are definitely contemplating

A)forming an extended family.
B)homogamy.
C)cohabitation.
D)assortative mating.

Question 52

Rates of abuse are higher in cultures that emphasize

A)female status.
B)online dating.
C)family honor.
D)casual sex.

Question 53

According to O'Leary's (1993)model, ____ would have the largest number of potential underlying causes.

A)verbal aggression
B)physical aggression
C)severe aggression
D)murder

Question 54

Which statement concerning African Americans, European Americans, and Latinos in America is true?

A)African Americans are most likely to be single during young adulthood.
B)Latinos are actively encouraged to avoid marriage in young adulthood.
C)The main cause of singlehood for European Americans is a shortage of marriageable European-American males.
D)The rate of singlehood in the United States is unaffected by ethnic factors.

Question 55

Which of Deanna's statements indicates that she is likely experiencing "battered woman's syndrome?"

A)"I just hit my husband."
B)"I cannot escape this abusive relationship."
C)"I often hit my husband."
D)"I am sometimes afraid of my husband."

Question 56

The defining belief among individuals experiencing "battered woman's syndrome" is that

A)the abuse is tied to a sense of personal high self-esteem.
B)the abuse is not harmful to them.
C)the abuser is acting out of unconditional love.
D)they are powerless to get away from the abuse.

Question 57

Most marriages in the United States

A)begin as cohabiting relationships
B)do not begin as cohabiting relationships
C)end as cohabiting relationships
D)are less successful than cohabitating relationships

Question 58

In which country is cohabitation most common?

A)Vietnam
B)South Africa
C)India
D)Australia

Question 59

In the United States, about ____ percent of women between ages 20 and 24 are married.

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)60

Question 60

Which statement concerning cross-cultural violence is true?

A)In some cultures, a woman is rated positively if she remains in an abusive relationship.
B)Chinese Americans do not recognize physical aggression as a form of domestic violence.
C)In Arab countries, abused women have the legal right to kill abusive husbands without fear of legal reprisal.
D)While it is considered a form of abuse in the United States, South Asian immigrants view complete social isolation of a spouse as an honor.

Question 61

The primary difference between limited and premarital cohabitation involves

A)intention to marry.
B)the duration of the cohabitation.
C)the degree of sexual involvement.
D)tax benefits.

Question 62

Based on statistics, which pair would you expect to have had the most past short-term relationships?

A)William and Kirk, who are a gay male couple
B)Debbie and Alan, who are a heterosexual couple
C)Claire and Brooke, who are a lesbian couple
D)Joan and Crawford, who are a bisexual couple

Question 63

Currently, ____ countries provide gay and lesbian couples with the same legal rights as heterosexual couples.

A)no
B)few
C)many ​
D)most

Question 64

Elliot and Elizabeth are both politically liberal, vegetarian, like to socialize, and are agnostic. Which concept best describes these similarities?

A)Exchange theory
B)Homogamy
C)Limited cohabitation
D)Familism

Question 65

Katie and Rob are seeing a marriage counselor, Dr. McMurray, to ask her advice about how to save their relationship. Dr. McMurray tells them that the reason they are having trouble is because "neither of you perceive that you are getting as much out of the relationship as you are putting into it." This statement indicates that Dr. McMurray is a proponent of

A)homogamy.
B)cohabitation.
C)exchange theory.
D)the family life cycle.

Question 66

Which statement concerning gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples in the United States is true?

A)Gay couples tend to receive more family support than heterosexual couples.
B)Both gay and heterosexual males tend to view love and sex as synonymous.
C)Gay couples have the same legal rights as heterosexual couples.
D)Both lesbian and heterosexual females view money as a way to maintain a sense of independence from their partners.

Question 67

Which might best be characterized as a "trial marriage?"

A)Limited cohabitation
B)Substitute marriage
C)Premarital cohabitation
D)Part-time cohabitation

Question 68

Liz and Richard are 35-year-olds who have lived together for a long time. After the birth of their first child, they decided to get married. Given this description, Liz and Richard's cohabitation pattern suggests that they live in which country?

A)United States
B)Jamaica
C)Sweden
D)China

Question 69

Homogamy is ____ with marital satisfaction.

A)unrelated
B)positively related
C)inversely related
D)negatively related

Question 70

How has the median age of first marriage in the United States changed from 1970 to 2009?

A)It has dropped by about four years.
B)It has remained constant.
C)It has risen by about four years.
D)It has risen by about eight years.

Question 71

Gay and lesbian couples tend to differ from heterosexual couples in the degree to which partners

A)split household responsibilities.
B)share power in the relationship.
C)communicate effectively.
D)share the same demographic characteristics.

Question 72

Like almost 99 percent of their age peers, 30-year-olds Alan and Barb are cohabitating before getting married. Given this statistic, Alan and Barb most likely live in

A)Australia.
B)Sweden.
C)Indonesia.
D)Brazil.

Question 73

Al and Peg are a typical American couple who have cohabitated for many years. If they later marry each other, they are likely to be ____ than other married couples who did not cohabitate.

A)less at risk for divorce
B)wealthier
C)more religious
D)less happy

Question 74

Each of these women has just married for the first time. Who is most likely to get divorced?

A)Lucy, who is 17
B)Lacy, who is 23
C)Lanny, who is 29
D)Laurie, who is 35

Question 75

When discussing their marriage, Meg and Ryan agree that what appears to keep them together and happy is the fact that they share many of the same values. This exemplifies ____, which is a good predictor of marital success.

A)monogamy
B)singlehood
C)homogamy
D)nesting

Question 76

Ole and Lena are a cohabitating couple in Norway, while Jack and Diane are a cohabitating couple in the United States. Cross-cultural research would predict that

A)Ole and Lena will only marry if they have children.
B)Ole and Lena will believe that they are living in sin.
C)Jack and Diane will be unlikely to ever marry.
D)Jack and Diane will be at significantly less risk for divorce should they marry.

Question 77

Who is more likely to make a commitment and to cohabit earlier?

A)James and Jean-Luc, who are a gay male couple
B)Blake and Miranda, who are a heterosexual couple
C)Stacy and Lacy, who are a bisexual couple
D)Ellen and Helen, who are a lesbian couple

Question 78

According to exchange theory, the key factor in determining whether an exchange will increase marital satisfaction is the

A)length of time the individuals have been married.
B)age of the participants.
C)potential monetary cost of the exchange.
D)perceived equity of the exchange.

Question 79

According to exchange theory, which couple would be most satisfied?

A)Megan, who makes a lot of money but is not much of a caregiver, and Hunter, who is excellent at raising their children but not much of a moneymaker
B)Ashley and Brock, who have exchanged passionate love for fatuous love
C)Eden and Adam, who decide to put off marriage until they both get jobs
D)Honda, who wants children, and Harley, who gives in to her demands

Question 80

In the United States, cohabitation has

A)increased threefold in the past 30 years.
B)decreased threefold in the past 30 years.
C)increased tenfold in the past 30 years. ​
D)decreased tenfold in the past 30 years.