Deck 1: The Development Through Life Perspective

Question 1

The most critical way in which a person can contribute to his or her development is through________.

A) increasing physical ability
B) achieving upward mobility
C) focusing on career success
D) creating significant social relationships

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE of individuals' lives, as they progress through time?

A) They show both continuity and change
B) They show neither continuity nor change
C) They show continuity, but not change
D) They show change, but not continuity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which scenario best illustrates how the environment influences the biological system?

A) A toddler is adopted by a family and grows to be much taller than her adopted parents
B) An adolescent attends middle school and then goes to high school.
C) An infant is exposed to many illnesses while attending infant day care.
D) A family takes a vacation.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Michael believes that he can influence his personal development by making certain choices and being motivated to succeed. Michael's belief best illustrates which of the following assumptions of the Newman and Newman text?

A) Behavior is best analyzed within the context of a person's environment.
B) Personal development occurs throughout the life span.
C) People contribute actively to their development.
D) As people age, they show continuity and change in their personality.

Question 5

According to the text, changes in psychological processing are most likely to be affected by

A) genetic influences.
B) technological advances.
C) historical events.
D) cultural shifts.

Question 6

Which system is most influenced by changes in self-regulation and self-awareness?

A) Psychological
B) Biological
C) Societal
D) Cultural

Question 7

In the context of human development, to what does the term plasticity refer?

A) Continuity and developmental changes
B) An adaptive re-organization during the life span
C) The impact of prior generations
D) The interaction of biological and psychological systems

Question 8

The meaning-making system focuses on the ________.

A) predictable nature of humankind
B) diversity of cultures
C) search for identity
D) need for stability

Question 9

Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the biological system?

A) Use of drugs
B) Entry into new roles
C) Movement from one culture to the next
D) Age-graded expectations

Question 10

According to Erik Erikson, as 17-year-old Jamison lives his life, his experiences are produced by which of the following?

A) Primarily the biological system
B) Primarily the psychological system
C) Primarily the societal system
D) The interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systems

Question 11

According to your text, the developing person

A) cannot modify their psychological system.
B) can modify the psychological system through self-guided choice.
C) can modify one system without affecting other systems.
D) has no control over their development.

Question 12

Michael's breathing, blood circulation, and reflexes are all considered elements of which of the following systems?

A) Biological
B) Psychological
C) Societal
D) Psychoanalytic

Question 13

Which statement is an assumption of the Newman and Newman text?

A) Human growth peaks in middle childhood.
B) The study of human development is primarily theoretical.
C) Behavior must be interpreted in the context of settings and relationships.
D) Human behavior has the same meaning across sociocultural borders.

Question 14

The life span approach strives to identify ________.

A) interactions of individuals that produce prejudice and discrimination
B) patterns of transition and transformation from one period of life to another
C) individual differences in biological factors that lead to maladaptation
D) uncommon bonds among groups of people that lead to hostility between societies

Question 15

Why do we need to understand the whole person in studying human development?

A) We function as individuals.
B) Our families do not affect our development.
C) We function in an integrated manner.
D) Our developmental outcomes are a result of external factors.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE of the biological system?

A) It cannot modify the social system.
B) It is stable over time.
C) It is guided by genetics.
D) It cannot modify the psychological system.

Question 17

According to the textbook, active contribution to one's life can be expressed in numerous ways. The text suggests that the most influential among these is:

A) development of cognitive ability.
B) development of a social network.
C) development of the epigenetic system.
D) establishment of cultural norms.

Question 18

According to the text, on what is development based?

A) Only an individual's psychological ability
B) Only an individual's biological ability
C) The interaction of the social, psychological, and biological systems
D) The relationship between one's psychological and biological abilities

Question 19

The    ________system provides the resources for processing information and navigating reality.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) integrative
D) societal

Question 20

Manuel speaks six languages and has a very good memory. Which of the following systems can he thank for this?

A) Psychological
B) Affective
C) Societal
D) Ecological

Question 21

In the U.S., 16-year-olds expect to obtain a driver's license. What concept is best illustrated here?

A) Life expectancy
B) Psychological functioning
C) Age-graded societal expectations
D) Individualism

Question 22

Jo Ellen's divorce was final yesterday afternoon. Based on research, she and her two children can expect which of the following in terms of their financial well-being?

A) An increase in financial stability based on child support
B) A decrease in household income followed by a sharp increase
C) A decrease in household income
D) An increase in financial well-being

Question 23

The biological system alerts us to the severity of a threat or crisis through the development of

A) psychological distress.
B) physical symptoms.
C) social withdrawal.
D) hope and forgiveness.

Question 24

Dale is 12 years old and is being raised by a single mother who recently lost her job. Dale and his mom are now homeless and experiencing poverty for the first time. Chip is 6 years old. He is being raised by an unemployed single father. Chip and his father have been living in poverty since Chip's birth. According to research on poverty, who is more at risk for negative consequences pertaining to health, cognitive development, and school achievement?

A) Dale only
B) Chip only
C) Both Dale and Chip
D) Neither Dale nor Chip, because they are being raised by a parent

Question 25

Poverty is primarily considered an element of the ______system.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) societal
D) temporal

Question 26

The concept of identity best illustrates the relationship between the psychological system and the________ system.

A) biological
B) scientific
C) adaptive
D) societal

Question 27

Jennifer is being raised in a low-income family. Marjorie is being raised in a high-income family. Which of the following is TRUE of their risk of prenatal exposure to environmental toxins?

A) Jennifer's risk is higher than Marjorie's.
B) Jennifer's risk is lower than Marjorie's.
C) Jennifer's risk is equal to Marjorie's.
D) There is no relationship between their risk and family income level.

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE of poverty?

A) It can have an impact on both the biological and psychological systems.
B) It cannot have an impact on either the biological or psychological systems.
C) It can have an impact on the biological system, but not the psychological system.
D) It can have an impact on the psychological system, but not the biological system.

Question 29

Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the psychological system?

A) Disease
B) Environmental toxins
C) Education
D) Accidents

Question 30

The Moore family's elderly grandmother hosts an annual family celebration at the family farm every spring. Which system does this ritual best illustrate?

A) Biological
B) Psychological
C) Societal
D) Emotional

Question 31

Which descriptor most accurately reflects the psychosocial approach?

A) Only the biological and psychological systems are necessary to analyze behavior.
B) People build relationships that remain in place throughout life.
C) Individual longevity is determined by one's social relationships.
D) Internal experiences are products of the interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systems.

Question 32

Earlier exposure to health risks, higher exposure to environmental hazards, and challenges in achieving developmental tasks are factors that are most often associated with________    .

A) African American, Hispanic, and Asian American families who experience poverty
B) children who must learn resilience
C) all Americans is rural areas
D) families who are in transitory poverty

Question 33

Which factor is least likely to enhance the impact of poverty?

A) Higher level of education
B) Strong religious beliefs
C) Active behavioral coping skills
D) Family conflict

Question 34

Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the societal system?

A) Genetic factors
B) Insight
C) Nutrition
D) Entry into new roles

Question 35

Which factor is most likely to contribute to families living in poverty?

A) A change in government assistance programs
B) An increase in purchasing power for minimum wage earners
C) An increase in white-collar jobs
D) An increase in single-mother households

Question 36

In terms of human development, poverty is considered______.

A) a major obstacle to optimal development
B) an enhancement to resiliency
C) in harmony with psychological functioning
D) a source of continuity in the life course

Question 37

Which statement best illustrates how the biological system influences the societal system?

A) Tall people receive higher salaries and are more likely to be hired than short people.
B) People who have a sense of hope have greater immunity toward disease.
C) Over 50% of new mothers in the United States are employed.
D) As people age, they experience more sleep disturbances.

Question 38

The psychosocial approach seeks to understand the internal experiences that are________   .

A) relevant prior to the age of 12
B) relevant after the age of 12
C) products of interactions among biological, psychological, and societal systems
D) influenced by the societal system

Question 39

The influence of culture in one's lifespan is considered to be a component of which of the following systems?

A) Psychological
B) Societal
C) Biological
D) Psychoanalytic

Question 40

Which of the following statements best describes the psychosocial approach?

A) Most psychological development is a result of the environment.
B) Lives show patterns of change up through adolescence, and continuity thereafter.
C) Development must be understood as the integration of the biological, psychological, and societal systems.
D) Home and school are the only relevant social environments.

Question 41

Psychological change is partly guided by genetic information.

Question 42

The biological, psychological, and societal systems are responsive and adapt to changes.

Question 43

Yolanda was born in 2015. Which of the following most closely represents her life expectancy?

A) 100 years
B) 90 years
C) 80 years
D) 70 years

Question 44

All cultures support physical growth and health in similar ways.

Question 45

The development from one period of life to the next is an individual process.

Question 46

According to projections, life expectancy has been increasing for both men and women.

Question 47

Which statement about longevity is false?

A) A diet low in fat and high in fruits and vegetables contributes to longevity.
B) Daily exercise can contribute to longevity.
C) Longevity is influenced by genetic factors.
D) Longevity is primarily influenced by psychological factors.

Question 48

Which statement most accurately describes projections of life expectancy?

A) Men outlive women in Africa.
B) Life expectancy is projected to decrease for men and women.
C) Women outlive men worldwide.
D) Men outlive women worldwide.

Question 49

Jeanne's great grandmother was born at the turn of the 20th century. Jeanne was born at the turn of the 21st century. Which of the following is TRUE of their life expectancies?

A) They were roughly the same.
B) Jeanne had a shorter life expectancy than her great grandmother.
C) Jeanne had a longer life expectancy than her great grandmother.
D) There is no way to know how their life expectancies compared.

Question 50

Likely advances in _____ and treatment, coupled with ____ can lead to higher standards of living in later life.

A) medical technology; increased Medicare coverage
B) insurance reform; improved support services
C) medical technology; improved support services
D) eliminating poverty; new drugs

Question 51

The concept of identity, the meaning we give to ourselves and our sense of purpose, connects us to others. This concept best illustrates the link between the psychological and________  systems.

A) biological
B) scientific
C) adaptive
D) societal

Question 52

Self-insight is considered a vital component of mental health.

Question 53

Which group has the shortest life expectancy?

A) White females
B) African American females
C) White males
D) African American males

Question 54

Life expectancy refers to the ____ .

A) longest potential lifespan of the human species
B) number of years one can expect to live
C) expectation of resources needed for living
D) expectation that one will marry and have children

Question 55

How is the study of life span development related to an understanding of life expectancy?

A) Estimating death rates is the only reason for us to study life expectancy.
B) Estimating birth rates is the only reason for us to study life expectancy.
C) Life expectancy has no relation to the way we study human development.
D) Life expectancy provides a framework for timing about stages and periods of life.

Question 56

A high level of functioning in later life is associated with

A) education.
B) health.
C) lifestyle.
D) all of these.

Question 57

Rose is torn between her memories of how close her family used to be and how her son's divorce has made her family less close. This disparity is a reflection of Rose's________    system.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) societal
D) adaptive

Question 58

People can live longer and healthier lives by

A) exercising 20-30 minutes daily.
B) engaging in predominantly light exercise.
C) socializing with healthy people to avoid catching illnesses.
D) working as long and as productively as possible.

Question 59

Children from low-income families are more likely to be exposed prenatally to maternal malnutrition.

Question 60

Developmental change refers to patterns of growth and reorganization.

Question 61

Changes in the biological system are most likely to cause changes in the________   .

A) psychological and societal systems
B) genetic code of an individual
C) awareness and identity of self
D) environmental systems around us

Question 62

Tension between one's competencies and the demands of society is a description of

A) the biological imperative.
B) self-insight.
C) a normative crisis.
D) plasticity.

Question 63

Differentiate between "nature" and "nurture."

Question 64

Ruth Hamilton's motivation and personal goal to travel the world is an example of something that might be analyzed using which system?

A) Biological
B) Psychological
C) Societal
D) Physiological

Question 65

Define culture and describe how culture may influence the view of life span human development. What is the role of culture in the societal system?

Question 66

Which of the following BEST describes self-insight?

A) Sheila is aware of her thoughts and feelings.
B) Margot understands which why she is growing.
C) Keith is aware of how biology influences his development.
D) Keisha desires to know about the world at large.

Question 67

Which aspect of development is illustrated in the case of Ruth Hamilton?

A) Development is primarily a social construct.
B) Development is primarily a result of biological processes.
C) Development follows the same sequence of steps for everyone.
D) Development occurs across the life span.

Question 68

Discuss why and how both biological and psychological processes develop and change over one's life span.

Question 69

Explain how we know about the life expectancy of people who were just born in the last few years.

Question 70

What does it mean to say that the concept of life-span development implies plasticity?

Question 71

Discuss why poverty is a risk factor for development by considering biopsychosocial aspects.

Question 72

What is meant by the statement that psychological change can be self-directed?

Question 73

It is likely that people will be healthier in older age rather than live much longer than current life expectancy.

Question 74

How does the case of Rose illustrate the relationships among the biological, psychological, and societal systems?

Question 75

Bianca receives, processes, and transmits all sensory information through which components of her biological system?

A) Eyes and ears
B) Brain and spine
C) Brain and peri-nervous system
D) Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 76

Select one of the six assumptions of human development. Discuss the implications of this assumption for life span analysis. Critically evaluate the usefulness of this assumption for understanding human development.

Question 77

What are some important life decisions you might make during early adulthood that would have an impact on your potential life expectancy?

Question 78

Why is it so important to interpret events in context?

A) People adapt to their environment.
B) People act outside of environmental influences.
C) People are most influenced by biological processes.
D) People are affected by their surroundings.

Question 79

Ruth Hamilton believed having many students of differing levels in one classroom was good for children. This supports the idea that individuals________ .

A) need external control of their environment
B) are influenced by society
C) only learn from direct instruction
D) learn the most through competition

Question 80

Micah goes to a high school where the majority of students are immigrants from Russia, China, Bangladesh, and Korea. This diverse environment will benefit Micah by encouraging her to  ________.

A) adapt
B) understand others
C) maintain her identity
D) act as caregiver