Deck 21: Disorders: Loss of Renal Function

Question 1

____, by definition, is the appearance of frank blood in the patient's urine.

A) Calculi
B) Hematuria
C) Cystitis
D) Occult blood

Answer 1

Hematuria

Question 2

It can take as little as one-eighth of a teaspoon of blood for blood to be visible.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When 85% or more of a person's kidney function is lost and the kidneys no longer have the ability to filter waste, the patient is in ____.

A) primary renal failure
B) asystole failure
C) end-stage renal disease
D) anasarca

Answer 3

end-stage renal disease

Question 4

A low protein diet increases the production of nitrogenous waste.

Question 5

____ is a central nervous system disorder that is thought to be due to cerebral edema.

A) Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
B) Hemodialysis
C) End-stage renal disease
D) Anasarca

Question 6

Calcium administration for hyperkalemia is advised for patients who are prescribed digitalis preparations.

Question 7

In some cases the blood in the urine is not visible, called ____, and only appears during laboratory testing.

A) hematuria
B) calculi
C) cystitis
D) occult blood

Question 8

____ is a scarring, or hardening, of the arteries within the glomeruli.

A) Bacteriuria
B) Glomerulonephritis
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Glomerulosclerosis

Question 9

Urine normally contains about one million red blood cells.

Question 10

____ stones are the result of an autosomal recessive disorder which leads to an inborn error of metabolism.

A) Xanthine
B) Staghorn
C) Citrate
D) Cystine

Question 11

If hyperkalemia is suspected and serum potassium levels are being drawn in the field for later laboratory testing, then a tourniquet should be used.

Question 12

Turbulent blood flow sounds like a low-pitched whooshing, as the blood passes through a device such as a fistula.

Question 13

Field laboratory testing for hyperkalemia is not yet widely available.

Question 14

The coadministration of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate will result in a chemical reaction that will create a precipitate of sodium chloride, or common table salt and/ or calcium carbonate, or common chalk.

Question 15

____ is an autoimmune disease which attacks the kidneys and causes blood to pass through the glomerular process and into the urine, causing hematuria.

A) Murphy's syndrome
B) Goodpasture's syndrome
C) Grampasture's syndrome
D) Boerhaave syndrome

Question 16

Large struvite stones, called ____ stones, are thought to make up approximately 15% to 20% of struvite kidney stones and are more common in women than men.

A) cystine
B) xanthine
C) staghorn
D) citrate

Question 17

Abnormal hematuria suggests the presence of pathologies, which may be simply annoyances to potentially lethal.

Question 18

Kidney stones, called ____, generally form as a result of one of two mechanisms.

A) nephrolithiasis
B) pyonephrosis
C) glomerulonephritis
D) pyelonephritis

Question 19

____ is an inflammation of the blood vessels within the glomerular process in the kidneys.

A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Bacteriuria
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Glomerulosclereosis

Question 20

When the kidneys begin to fail, without diuresis the blood volume begins to decrease, which stresses the cardiovascular system.

Question 21

When the kidneys fail, ____ is retained in the blood and blood levels of it rise to dangerous levels.

A) calcium
B) digitalis
C) sodium
D) potassium

Question 22

____ is a tremor of the hand when the hand is extended.

A) Fistula
B) Azotemia
C) Asterixis
D) Uremic frost

Question 23

A more practical treatment for hyperkalemia may be the use of ____, such as albuterol, by either small volume nebulizer or metered dose inhaler.

A) alpha agonists
B) insulin-type drugs
C) beta agonists
D) bicarbonates

Question 24

When you suspect kidney failure, close examination of the patient's face may reveal small droplets of urine collecting on the face and facial hair around the mouth, which is called ____.

A) uremic frost
B) uremia
C) azotemia
D) asterixis

Question 25

____ is a syndrome caused by loss of kidney function, both as an excretory organ and as an endocrine organ.

A) Uremic frost
B) Azotemia
C) Asterixis
D) Uremia

Question 26

____ is the most common life-threatening emergency for the patient with uremia.

A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypercalcemia

Question 27

Initially, the effects of the increased potassium cause the myocardial cells to become ____________________.

Question 28

Normally the kidneys produce ____________________, which stimulates the red marrow of the bones to produce red blood cells and platelets.

Question 29

AV grafts and fistulas have a noticeable prolonged pulsation, called a ____, as the blood flows through the graft or fistula.

A) bruit
B) graft thrill
C) shunt
D) flapper pulse

Question 30

As the kidneys fail, there is an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, including urea, in the blood, a condition called ____.

A) asterixis
B) hemodialysis
C) uremic frost
D) azotemia

Question 31

A ____ is the sound of turbulent blood flow.

A) graft thrill
B) whistle
C) bruit
D) flap

Question 32

The pain from the passage of a kidney stone, called ____________________, is a constant pressure that builds up until it becomes a severe unremitting pain.

Question 33

A sudden cessation of urine output is known as ____________________.

Question 34

If left untreated, severe hyperkalemia can lead to ____________________.

Question 35

The degree of azotemia can be measured by the amount of ____ in the blood.

A) bilirubin
B) nitrogen
C) urea
D) ammonia