Deck 6: The Human Population and Its Impact

Question 1

What circumstance would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child?

A)The use of children as an essential part of the family labor force
B)Lack of contraceptive availability
C)Opportunities for women to participate in education and employment
D)The lack of a public or private pension system
E)High infant mortality rates

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children per 1,000 births that die ____.

A)by their fifth birthday
B)before their first birthday
C)before six months
D)in their first month
E)at birth

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The U.S. population is ____.

A)close to leveling off
B)slowly declining
C)basically stable
D)rapidly declining
E)rapidly growing

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Population change is calculated using which of the following formulas?

A)(deaths + emigration)− (births + immigration)
B)(births + immigration)− (deaths + emigration)
C)(deaths + immigration)− (births + emigration)
D)(births + emigration)− (deaths + immigration)
E)(births + deaths)− (immigration + emigration)

Question 5

The 2012 U.S. population of 314 million is expected to reach what level by 2050?

A)550 million
B)500 million
C)450 million
D)400 million
E)350 million

Question 6

Since 1955, the global life expectancy has risen to ____.

A)48 years
B)52 years
C)70 years
D)72 years
E)78 years

Question 7

Which factor is more likely to increase the likelihood of a couple having a child (rather than decrease the likelihood)?

A)need for child to be part of the labor force
B)religious beliefs
C)cost of child's education
D)lack of a pension system
E)employment opportunities for women

Question 8

Currently, legal and illegal immigration account for approximately how much of the U.S. annual population growth?

A)100%
B)30%
C)63%
D)24%
E)15%

Question 9

Worldwide, how many children under one year of age die each day of preventable causes?

A)500
B)1,000
C)3,000
D)5,500
E)11,000

Question 10

The exponential rate of growth of the total human population over the past 100 years has been a result of ____.

A)large birth rate increases
B)sharp drop in death rates
C)significant immigration
D)leveling off of death rates
E)fewer epidemics

Question 11

Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region are ____.

A)birth rate and death rate
B)replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate
C)life expectancy and death rate
D)life expectancy and infant mortality rate
E)population growth rate and death rate

Question 12

About ____% of the children born in 2012 were an addition to the world's more developed countries.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)15
E)20

Question 13

At today's level of consumption, scientists estimate that we would need the equivalent of ____ planet Earths to sustain our use of resources in 2050.

A)1.0
B)1.1
C)1.2
D)1.3
E)2.0

Question 14

The United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates of developed countries. What is the primary reason for this?

A)educational opportunities for women in the U.S.
B)delayed pregnancy until later in life
C)drug addiction among women
D)urbanization
E)increased childhood obesity

Question 15

Currently, how many people on the earth do not have their basic needs met?

A)one out of every two people
B)one out of every three people
C)one out of every five people
D)one out of every ten people
E)one out of every fifteen people

Question 16

The replacement-level fertility rate is ____ for developed countries and ____ for developing countries.

A)1.6; 1.9
B)2.5; 2.0
C)2.0; 2.5
D)2.1; 2.5
E)1.8; 2.1

Question 17

Which factor below is least likely to affect birth and fertility rates today?

A)number of people 60 or older
B)cost of raising and educating children
C)religious beliefs
D)educational and employment opportunities for women
E)average age at marriage

Question 18

If every woman on the earth had no more than an average of 2.1 children during their reproductive years, the human population would continue to rise for how long?

A)5,000 years
B)150 years
C)50 years
D)20 years
E)5 years

Question 19

According to recent research, how many environmental refugees were there in the year 2008?

A)100,000
B)1,000,000
C)5,000,000
D)25,000,000
E)40,000,000

Question 20

What concept describes the maximum number of people who can live in reasonable comfort and freedom indefinitely?

A)optimization strategy
B)genetic optimization
C)stabilization theorem
D)nil hypothesis
E)cultural carrying capacity

Question 21

The text suggests that one key demographic statistic is the percentage of people in a region that are under 15 years of age. Why is this statistic important?

A)Young people buy lots of goods and services.
B)Young people will be the leaders of the future.
C)Young people will feel the effects of global warming.
D)Young people are reckless and impulsive.
E)Young people are poised to move into their prime reproductive years.

Question 22

Worldwide, AIDS is the leading cause of death for people _____ years of age.

A)1-4
B)5-14
C)15-49
D)50-65
E)66+

Question 23

Which country is currently facing a declining population?

A)Germany
B)United States
C)Australia
D)Nigeria
E)Saudi Arabia

Question 24

The crude birth rate is the number of live births per ____ persons in a given year.

A)50
B)100
C)500
D)1,000
E)100,000

Question 25

Rapidly growing countries have an age structure diagram that ____.

A)forms an inverted pyramid
B)has a broad-based pyramid
C)shows little variation in population by age
D)has a small pre-reproductive population
E)has a large post reproductive population

Question 26

The total fertility rate is the ____.

A)number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
B)number of children a couple must bear to replace themselves
C)average number of children born to women in their reproductive years
D)number of live births per 1000 people
E)births and immigrations into a population

Question 27

Environmental refugees typically migrate to ____.

A)seek jobs
B)avoid religious persecution
C)escape water or food shortages
D)join family
E)seek educational opportunities

Question 28

A high incidence of AIDS in a country is least likely to result in a(n)____.

A)loss of productive young workers
B)increase of orphaned children
C)increase in life expectancy
D)loss of working adults to support the elderly
E)reduction of skilled workers

Question 29

About 2.3 million people were added to the U.S. population in 2012. What percentage of this increase was due to immigration?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
E)50%

Question 30

The U.S. total fertility rate has remained at or below replacement rate since what year?

A)1942
B)1952
C)1962
D)1972
E)1982

Question 31

Demographers estimate the human population in 2050 to be between 7.8 and 10.8 billion - a range of three billion. Why is the estimated range so wide?

A)More-developed countries routinely inflate their estimates.
B)Projections are made by a variety of organizations.
C)Fertility rates are calculated with a standard formula by country.
D)Ranges include maximum and minimum estimated casualties of war.
E)Statistics regarding drought and famine are constantly shifting.

Question 32

Which country had the world's longest life expectancy in 2012?

A)U.S.
B)Sweden
C)Germany
D)Japan
E)Denmark

Question 33

Ninety percent of Indian couples have access to modern birth control methods. What percentage actually use one?

A)80%
B)49%
C)62%.
D)10%
E)31%

Question 34

What shape in an age-structure chart would best illustrate the effects of the baby-boom in the United States in 2012?

A)classic pyramid
B)wide base that narrows rapidly
C)narrow base and wide top
D)stable base with a slight bulge near the top
E)stable base with a slight bulge near the bottom

Question 35

Between 1955 and 2012, the global total fertility rate (TFR)dropped from in less-developed countries from 5 to what level?

A)4.5
B)3.6
C)2.4
D)2.1
E)1.8

Question 36

Countries that have reached zero population growth have an age structure diagram that ____.

A)forms an inverted pyramid
B)forms a broad-based pyramid
C)has little variation in prereproductive and reproductive age groups
D)has a large pre-reproductive population
E)has a large reproductive population

Question 37

Members of the baby-boom generation make up ____% of all adult Americans.

A)6
B)16
C)26
D)36
E)46

Question 38

An age structure diagram plots the number or percentage of ____.

A)reproductive age females
B)reproductive age males and females
C)non-reproductive age males and females
D)economic status of reproductive males and females
E)males and females among age groups in a population

Question 39

Rapid population decline is least likely to result in ____.

A)less government revenues with fewer workers
B)less new business formation
C)increased pensions and lowered retirement age
D)less likelihood for new technology development
E)increasing public deficits

Question 40

A country with a TFR that falls below 1.5 children per couple for a prolonged period will experience all of the following except ____.

A)a sharp rise in proportion of older people
B)an increasing demand on medical care
C)an increasing demand on social security funds or its equivalent
D)labor shortages
E)an increasing number of working taxpayers.

Question 41

Infant mortality rate is one of the best measures of a society's quality of life.

Question 42

About 70% of the growth in the U.S. population in 2012 resulted from births outnumbering deaths.

Question 43

The population of the United States has stopped growing.

Question 44

In the demographic transition model, death rates fall while birth rates remain high ____.

A)during the preindustrial stage
B)during the industrial stage
C)during the postindustrial stage
D)during the transitional stage
E)following the postindustrial stage

Question 45

According to the demographic transition model, what trend is true of countries in Stage 2: Transitional?

A)Death rates drop, followed by birth rates.
B)Birth rates drop, followed by death rates.
C)Birth and death rates rise at the same time.
D)Birth and death rates fall at the same time.
E)Total population begins to fall

Question 46

In 2012, more than one-third of the global population lived in China or India.

Question 47

Which statement about India's resource and environmental problems is false ?

A)India has 18% of world's people, but only 2.3 % of world's land resources.
B)About one-half of India's cropland is degraded.
C)About two-thirds of its water is seriously polluted.
D)India has about 15% of the world's forests.
E)Sanitation services are often inadequate.

Question 48

The world's first national ____ program began in India in 1952.

A)family planning
B)economic transition
C)literacy
D)sterilization
E)urbanization

Question 49

Which statement about China is false ?

A)Between 1972 and 2012, China cut its birth rate in half.
B)China's population is expanding slowly.
C)Eighty-five percent of Chinese couples use some form of birth control.
D)China has very few critical resource and environmental problems.
E)India's population will exceed China's by 2030.

Question 50

Reaching the replacement-level fertility rate means a quick halt to population growth.

Question 51

Women are least likely to have fewer and healthier children when ____ .

A)their individual rights are protected
B)they earn an income of their own
C)they have access to education
D)they control their own fertility
E)they marry at a young age

Question 52

Which statement about India is false ?

A)Twenty-five percent of people in cities live in slums.
B)India has the fourth largest economy.
C)Eighty percent of rural people have adequate sanitation.
D)Nearly one-half of the people are unemployed or underemployed.
E)Forty percent of the population suffers from extreme poverty.

Question 53

The UN Population Fund indicates that less than 20% of all pregnancies in less-developed countries are unplanned, while 10% end with abortion.

Question 54

Which statistic is not true of women globally?

A)Women have more children if they are educated.
B)Women account for 66% of all hours worked but receive only 10% of world's income.
C)Women own less than 2% of the world's land.
D)Women make up 70% of the world's poor.
E)Women represent 66% of the world's illiterate adults.

Question 55

Which stage does not belong in the demographic transition model?

A)preindustrial
B)industrial
C)pre-transitional
D)transitional
E)postindustrial

Question 56

The average number of children born to a woman in China in 2012 is less than the number born to a woman in the United States.

Question 57

In developing countries, demographic transition is least likely to be hindered by ____.

A)environmental degradation
B)extreme poverty
C)resource depletion
D)a drop in economic assistance from developed countries
E)an increase in education opportunities for women

Question 58

In African countries, where 15-26% of the adult population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is expected to drop sharply.

Question 59

Between 1972 and 2012, the average number of children born to a woman in China declined from 5.7 to 1.5.

Question 60

More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas.

Question 61

Total Fertility Rates for the United States Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s). The straight line running through the accompanying graph from left to right represents ____________________.

Question 62

The ____________________ is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Question 63

Worldwide, 900 million girls do not attend elementary school.

Question 64

The ____________________ is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Question 65

Family planning is responsible for a majority (55%)of the drop in total fertility rates (TFRs)in less-developed countries..

Question 66

The United States ranks _______________ in the world in terms of infant mortality rates.

Question 67

The maximum number people that can be supported by the planet's resources indefinitely is called the ___________________.

Question 68

In stage ____________________ of demographic transition, birth rates remain high and death rates have begun to drop due to improved food production and health.

Question 69

The global population of people over 65 is projected to _______________ by the year 2050.

Question 70

Unlike malnutrition, AIDS kills many ____________________.

Question 71

China has cut its total fertility rate from 5.7 to ____________________ over the last 40 years.

Question 72

________________ is the leading cause of death for people ages 15-49.

Question 73

Worldwide, the number of school-age girls who do not attend elementary school is more than three times the population of the United States.

Question 74

Between 1972 and 2012, China cut its birth rate _______________.

Question 75

Family planning reduces the number of legal and illegal abortions performed each year, and stabilizes the populations.

Question 76

A country with many people younger than age 15 will experience rapid population growth, unless death rates rise sharply. This phenomenon is called _______________.

Question 77

Since 1900, the ____________________ represents the period characterized by the lowest number of immigrants to the U.S.

Question 78

Globally, women own 40% of the world's land.

Question 79

The U.S. generation born between 1946 and 1964 is known as the _______________ generation.

Question 80

The rapid growth of the world's population over the past 100 years is primarily the result of a(n)____________________ in the crude ____________________.