Deck 25: Ventilation

Question 1

Respiration does not involve the process of expiration.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The process of enzyme activation, reabsorption of bicarbonate, and excretion of acids can take up to 24 hours to fully activate.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Carbon monoxide differs from carbon dioxide in that carbon monoxide only has one oxygen atom in the molecule.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Carbon monoxide attaches to the same site as oxygen on the hemoglobin molecule, only it attaches 20 times stronger than oxygen.

Question 5

Capnography or capnometry alone is sufficient to confirm proper placement of the endotracheal tube in a patient who has been in cardiac arrest for a prolonged period of time due to the lack of circulation.

Question 6

End-tidal carbon dioxide level will change with changes in the patient's hemodynamics and may be a useful tool in guiding trauma resuscitation.

Question 7

The pulse oximeter will often read falsely high SpO₂ in patients with a low level of methemoglobinemia.

Question 8

Medications that are used for sedation also have the side effect of depressing respiration and increasing ventilation.

Question 9

Ventilation involves more than the movement of air in and out the lungs.

Question 10

Each hemoglobin molecule can normally bind up to eight oxygen molecules.

Question 11

Sidestream capnography involves taking a sample of the exhaled air by aspirating a small amount of it from the exhaled air stream, either from the endotracheal tube or through the use of a modified nasal cannula.

Question 12

The blood becomes alkalotic if the pH rises above 7.45.

Question 13

A venous blood gas is analyzed in the same way as an arterial blood gas.

Question 14

The Masimo^® RAD-57 may show some promise in the prehospital environment in helping to triage a large number of patients who may have been exposed to carbon monoxide, thus minimizing transports.

Question 15

Metabolically, the body's organs work together to maintain an acid-base balance.

Question 16

The process to obtain the ABG is a painless procedure for most patients.

Question 17

The difference between the arterial blood gas and venous blood gas in the venous blood gas sample is taken from a peripheral vein instead of an artery.

Question 18

Blood proteins include the hemoglobin molecules contained within the red blood cells (erythrocytes).

Question 19

Pulse oximetry provides an indication or measure of the patient's ventilatory status.

Question 20

Carbon dioxide is 200 times more soluble than oxygen in the blood at the same partial pressure.

Question 21

If the endotracheal tube is located in the ____, the capnometer should turn from a purple color during inhalation to a yellow color during patient exhalation.

A) pharynx
B) trachea
C) larynx
D) esophagus

Question 22

The most common source used to measure SpO₂ is the ____.

A) tip of a finger
B) upper arm
C) wrist
D) nose

Question 23

A well-oxygenated patient without significant respiratory disease can endure nearly ____ minutes of apnea time before her SpO₂ falls below 90%.

A) four
B) six
C) eight
D) ten

Question 24

On a cellular level, ____ is defined as "the chemical processes by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions."

A) ventilation
B) respiration
C) oxygenation
D) hydration

Question 25

Excessive amounts of acid in the tissues, in sum total called a(n) ____, can be devastating to proteins within the cells.

A) alkali content
B) pH reading
C) carbonate load
D) acid load

Question 26

When the amount of hydrogen atoms in the blood sample is above 7.45, it is known as ____.

A) academia
B) alkalemia
C) calcemia
D) ketosis

Question 27

The hemoglobin molecule that is not attached to any oxygen molecules is called ____.

A) carbaminoglobin
B) methemoglobin
C) deoxyhemoglobin
D) oxyhemoglobin

Question 28

____, excessive acid in the system, can have a profound effect upon the body's uptake, distribution, and the effectiveness of medications administered by the Paramedic as well.

A) Alkalosis
B) Acidosis
C) Calcemia
D) Capnea

Question 29

Acids such as lactic acid and pyruvic acid formed during anaerobic metabolism, and amino acids formed by the breakdown/oxidation of proteins are called the ____ acids.

A) respiring
B) dissociating
C) metabolic
D) bonding

Question 30

____, the measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled from the lungs, is a newer technology that can help guide the Paramedic with treatment in several clinical situations.

A) Pulse oximetry
B) Co-oximetry
C) Arterial blood gas analysis
D) Capnography

Question 31

With capnography. a gradual decrease in the height of the waveform indicates ____.

A) hyperventilation
B) hypoventilation
C) acidosis
D) alkalosis

Question 32

When the amount of hydrogen atoms in the blood sample is below 7.35, it is known as ____.

A) calcemia
B) chloremia
C) alkalemia
D) academia

Question 33

____ will cause a shift in the curve of the oxygen-hemoglobin to the right, decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

A) Acidosis
B) Alkalosis
C) Acidemia
D) Calcemia

Question 34

____ will cause a shift in the curve of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left, increasing the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen.

A) Acidosis
B) Calcemia
C) Alkalemia
D) Alkalosis

Question 35

____ is a non-invasive measure of the percentage of hemoglobin sites in the red blood cells that are bound to oxygen, or oxyhemoglobin.

A) Capnography
B) Co-oximetry
C) Pulse oximetry
D) Arterial blood gas analysis

Question 36

The gold standard measurement of oxygenation and ventilation in medicine before the advent of pulse oximetry and capnography was the ____.

A) co-oximetry
B) arterial blood gas
C) intubation
D) renal blood gas

Question 37

When the amount of bicarbonate ions in the blood sample is greater than 30, it is known as ____.

A) hypercarbia
B) hypocarbia
C) hypercalcemia
D) hypocalcemia

Question 38

When the amount of bicarbonate ions in the blood sample is less than 22, it is known as ____.

A) hypocalcemia
B) hypercalcemia
C) hypocarbia
D) hypercarbia

Question 39

When the hemoglobin molecule attaches at least one oxygen molecule, it is called ____.

A) deoxyhemoglobin
B) methemoglobin
C) carbaminoglobin
D) oxyhemoglobin

Question 40

Each red blood cell contains approximately ____ hemoglobin molecules.

A) 270 million
B) 370 million
C) 270 billion
D) 370 billion

Question 41

The ____________________ acid-base disorder is the disorder that is the primary cause of the academia or alkalemia.

Question 42

For intubated and paralyzed patients, ____________________ capnography can indicate when the paralytic medication is wearing off.

Question 43

____________________ capnography involves placing the sensor in-line with the exhaled air stream and can only be used in intubated patients.

Question 44

____________________ fills the lungs with oxygen-rich air.

Question 45

____________________ occurs when the hemoglobin molecule undergoes a change in its form that removes one electron from the atom.

Question 46

____________________ can be used during procedural sedation as a way of monitoring the patient's respiratory rate and ventilation status during the sedation.

Question 47

A(n) ____________________, by definition, is a molecule that has a proton (a positively charged atomic particle) that is not orbited by a paired negatively charged atomic particle called an electron.

Question 48

If the endotracheal tube is located in the ____________________, there should be no carbon dioxide in the exhaled air.

Question 49

The majority of acid in the body is formed when excess carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) before conversion into bicarbonate and is called the ____________________ acid.

Question 50

____________________ is a normal response to cold, shunting warm blood toward the core to maintain a normal body temperature.