Deck 54: The Reemergence of the Muslim World

Question 1

Jewish immigration to Palestine began

A) after Theodore Herzl founded the Zionist movement.
B) just before World War I.
C) during the 1880s.
D) just after World War I.
E) after Palestine became a British mandate.

Answer 1

during the 1880s.

Question 2

After winning the 1948 war, the new Israeli government

A) expelled several hundred thousand Palestinian Arabs.
B) seized the city of Jerusalem.
C) returned some lands seized during the war.
D) refused the offer of the UN to mediate.
E) had to deal with a new force, the PLO.

Answer 2

expelled several hundred thousand Palestinian Arabs.

Question 3

The phenomenon of stagflation was brought into Western economic life by the

A) Iran-Iraq War.
B) hostage crisis in Iran.
C) oil boycott of 1973-74.
D) Gulf War of 1991.
E) Yom Kippur War.

Answer 3

oil boycott of 1973-74.

Question 4

In Kemal Ataturk's Turkey, women could

A) wear veils or not, as they chose.
B) attend school if they chose to do so.
C) have more than one husband.
D) divorce their husbands.
E) hold high government offices.

Question 5

The "Great Idea" backed by Britain, with disastrous results, called for

A) turning Greece into a Turkish colony.
B) restoring the Byzantine Empire.
C) restoration of the Ottoman Sultan.
D) a modern crusade to Jerusalem.
E) capturing Iran's oil fields.

Question 6

Define "Islamic fundamentalism." How does it contrast, compare, and interplay with Pan-Arabism?

Question 7

Under the Pahlavis, Iran's government may best be classified as

A) fundamentalist.
B) secularist.
C) Pan-Arab leaning.
D) democratic.
E) radical.

Question 8

Assess the Iranian upheaval of the 1970s-1980s. How has it impacted the Middle East and the world? Can you pinpoint American blunders in this region?

Question 9

The Shah of Iran upset many of his subjects because of

A) his unconcern for their welfare.
B) his corrupt government.
C) the deferential way he behaved toward the West.
D) his seeming concern for the true faith.
E) all of the above

Question 10

The number of Jews streaming into Palestine increased dramatically after

A) the establishment of the British mandate.
B) the Balfour Declaration.
C) World War II.
D) the publication of the McMahon letter.
E) the formal establishment of a Jewish national homeland.

Question 11

In geopolitical terms, "mandates" are somewhat similar to

A) city-states.
B) provinces.
C) colonies.
D) towns.
E) occupied territories

Question 12

What issues do the Arab Muslim states have to confront in the wake of the Gulf War, September 11^th, and the current Iraq War. Were President Bush's calls for support, cast in terms of an ultimatum, prudent? Assess the responses of Muslim nations thus far.

Question 13

Evaluate Ataturk's rejection of traditional, fundamentalist Islam? How effectively were religion and politics divorced in post-Ottoman Turkey? In what ways is this nation different from all other Muslim states?

Question 14

During the early 20^th century, Near Eastern Arab lands became mandates of

A) Britain and the United States.
B) France and Britain.
C) Egypt and Britain.
D) France and England.
E) the United States and France.

Question 15

The largest oil producing state in the Middle East is

A) Iraq.
B) Saudi Arabia.
C) Kuwait.
D) Iran.
E) Turkey.

Question 16

The largest Arab country, in terms of population, is

A) Saudi Arabia.
B) Egypt.
C) Iraq.
D) Syria.
E) Indonesia.

Question 17

The original goal of the PLO was

A) to return Palestine to their homeland.
B) to recover the holy city of Jerusalem.
C) to kill as many Jews as possible.
D) to regain lands lost to Israel in earlier wars.
E) to destroy the state of Israel.

Question 18

The Oil Boycott of 1973-74 was brought on by

A) Western support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War.
B) U.S. support of Muslim liberals.
C) Western support of Israel in the Six-Day War.
D) British attempts to re-control the Suez Canal.
E) U.S. support of the Shah of Iran.

Question 19

In what ways was the Palestinian problem unique? Identify the major areas of contention in the Israeli\Palestinian controversy. Is a peaceful resolution possible? Why or why not?

Question 20

The country that evolved out of the old Persian Empire was

A) Iraq.
B) Saudi Arabia.
C) Turkey.
D) Iran.
E) Israel.

Question 21

The state of Israel traces its creation to

A) an Arab-Jewish pact in World War II.
B) a United Nations decision to create two states from British-controlled Palestine in 1947.
C) U.S. military intervention after World War II.
D) a war against Egypt and Syria in 1963.
E) the success of the Jewish residents in the Yom Kippur War.

Question 22

After World War I, former Ottoman possessions in the Middle East were classified as ____________________.

Question 23

Distrust of the United States grew among Iraq's Kurds and Shi'ites after

A) the American Air Force accidentally bombed Kurdish enclaves, killing hundreds of civilians, in a botched attempt to keep them safe.
B) the American military failed to monitor accurately Iraq's no-fly zones.
C) the United States withdrew from Lebanon after more than 200 Marines were killed in a bombing incident there.
D) President G.H.W. Bush promised to help them if they tried to overthrow Saddam, but did not send support when they, the Shi'ites and Kurds, did their part.
E) they saw how the United States treated the Iraqi army.

Question 24

The British gave up their mandate over Palestine in May 1948, with the result that

A) the United Nations began to work on a partition plan for Palestine that would give some lands to the Jews for a new state.
B) Arab nations declared war on the Jews in Palestine, hoping to force them to leave before the U.N. established their statehood.
C) Zionists in Palestine immediately declared the creation of the nation of Israel.
D) the PLO was immediately established, to fight the Israelis and regain Palestine for its scattered peoples.
E) tens of thousands of Jews streamed into the new state of Israel to help fight for the survival of the new state.

Question 25

The world's largest Muslim state is presently

A) Indonesia.
B) Pakistan.
C) Iran.
D) Saudi Arabia.
E) Egypt.

Question 26

President Bill Clinton's attempts to bring peace to the Middle East have been compared to those of

A) George H.W. Bush.
B) Richard Nixon.
C) Ronald Reagan.
D) Jimmy Carter.
E) Gerald Ford.

Question 27

After the early successes of the Israeli state, the ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ formed for the purpose of destroying that state.

Question 28

Perhaps the greatest irritant to Palestinians during the immediate postwar period was

A) Zionist statements that they desired the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
B) unchecked Jewish immigration into Palestine.
C) the division of Middle East lands into mandated territories.
D) the failure of the British to deliver on the promises made in the McMahon letter.
E) the strong support given to the Zionists by outside groups.

Question 29

The Islamic country that appears to be least in tune with the rest of the Muslim nations is

A) Pakistan.
B) Bangladesh.
C) Lebanon.
D) Syria.
E) Egypt.

Question 30

In the 1917 Balfour Declaration, Britain

A) promised support for an Arab homeland between Iraq and Egypt, if the Arabs supported the British side in World War I.
B) tried to give up its mandate over Palestine, seeing that the region was about to become a major problem.
C) agreed to support a Jewish national homeland in an area populated by Arabs.
D) attempted, for the first time, to bring the Jews and the Arabs together to negotiate a truce.
E) put down riots involving Arabs and Jews fighting over Palestinian politics.

Question 31

After the OPEC oil embargo of 1973, Western governments, and their people, realized that

A) oil was more important than they had thought.
B) if and when they wanted to, OPEC members could have their clients over a barrel, economically speaking.
C) they needed to develop other sources for their oil supplies, or there would be no end in sight for further price hikes.
D) much smaller countries than their own could be successful.
E) they needed to develop products that the OPEC countries needed as much as the West needed oil.

Question 32

Kemal Ataturk believed that Turks

A) must remain Muslim to retain a national identity.
B) must expand beyond their old borders to solve their national woes.
C) had an obligation to liberate their Muslim comrades in Europe.
D) must adopt a Western lifestyle.
E) had a duty to convert all their surrounding neighbors to Islam.

Question 33

Iran's militant anti-Western policies\activities propelled the United States and other Western states toward military support of ____________________.

Question 34

Islamists, those who adhere to Islamic principles in defiance of their secular governments, have in the 20^th century experienced

A) being able to dominate public life in Saudi Arabia.
B) being a small minority of the population in Indonesia.
C) widespread support in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
D) being imprisoned in Algeria and Libya for their beliefs.
E) tremendous support in Morocco and Turkey.

Question 35

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 saw the overthrow by Islamic fundamentalists of the ____________________.

Question 36

Since independence, Pakistan and India have been engaged in an ongoing struggle over

A) nuclear armaments.
B) Kashmir.
C) Bangladesh.
D) control of the Indus River.
E) relations with China.

Question 37

One of Ataturk's modernizing reforms was to move the Turkish capital from ____________________ to ____________________.

Question 38

One of the fundamental problems facing the Arab nations today is that

A) their oil supplies are limited.
B) they have little in common other than Islam.
C) they are plagued with bureaucratic corruption.
D) many of their politicians are less than capable.
E) politicians have made promises that they cannot fulfill.

Question 39

Egypt's Islamic Brotherhood , formed in the 1920s, is noted for having

A) made a concerted effort to make peace with secular leaders.
B) adopted the precepts of Wahhabism.
C) publicly condemning all secular rulers of Muslim countries, stating their belief that rulers of Muslim countries, stating their belief that rulers of Muslims should always put God first.
D) been the first organization to use violence, including assassinations, to try to oust "infidel" occupying forces.
E) publicly renounced their Egyptian citizenship because of Egypt's secular stance.

Question 40

Islam is a unique religion among the world's major religions, in that

A) fundamentalism has always been the choice of the majority of adherents to Islam.
B) Islamic law recognizes no separation between religious belief and civil laws.
C) until the 20^th century, Muslims had never gone to war over their faith.
D) all people everywhere who adhere to Islam consider themselves to be Muslims first and a particular nationality second.
E) holy wars have always been aimed at non-Muslims, or infidels.

Question 41

In 1973, an oil boycott was instigated by Arab members of the oil cartel known as ____________________.

Question 42

The founder of the modern state of Turkey was ____________________ ____________________.

Question 43

The Arab world, and especially the OPEC countries, became especially upset with the United States after they gave even greater support to ____________________ in the ____________________ ____________________ War; the result was an ____________________ ____________________.

Question 44

During the period in which it had a mandate in the region, Britain promised help to the Arabs in the ____________________ ____________________, and help to the Jews in the ____________________ ____________________.

Question 45

A momentous event occurred in May 1948, when the state of ____________________ was created out of land belonging to ____________________.