Deck 15: Evolving Concerns for Youth

Question 1

Professionals agree that family well-being relies heavily on family structure (who lives in the home) over family attributes (warmth, communication).

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Approximately 60 percent of married women with a preschool child work outside of the home.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research consistently indicates that early child care has little to no impact on the child.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In 2010, center based care was the primary setting for 24% of children age 0-4 years.

Question 5

Several studies have found that young children from low-income homes benefit cognitively from day care center attendance.

Question 6

Latchkey children are those children who are responsible for self-care after school.

Question 7

The percentage of kids responsible for self-care after school rises after age 9 until age 12.

Question 8

"Double jeopardy" noted by Watamura and colleagues (2011) refers to children from disadvantaged families who experience low quality care at home and in other settings.

Question 9

After school programs are not particularly beneficial to low income youth.

Question 10

Younger age of the child and time spent hanging out with peers are two variables which are associated with poor outcomes for children who are in self-care during after-school hours.

Question 11

Data on the percentage of children adopted based on adoption type and age of adoption indicate that a majority of children adopted from foster care are under the age of 1.

Question 12

Two factors known to put adoptive children at risk for academic and behavioral problems are female gender and early age at adoption.

Question 13

Many researchers note the resilience of adoptive children, especially those who move from disadvantaged circumstances.

Question 14

The primary goal of the Adoption and Safe Family Act is to ensure a permanent home for adopted children as quickly as possible.

Question 15

Youth in foster care are at greater risk for psychological and behavioral problems.

Question 16

Parent training programs where foster parents and birth parents work together to bring the child home to the family of origin have been largely unsuccessful.

Question 17

Mental health parity means providing mental health services to all people equally.

Question 18

Insufficient funding and fragmentation of services are well-recognized problems in providing mental health services to youth.

Question 19

The work of Spence and colleagues found that internet alone services for child anxiety disorders was effective compared to a waitlist control group (a group that did not immediately receive services), but not as effective as having the children come into the clinic for at least part of the services.

Question 20

The probability of death before age 5 is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 21

International mortality rates for children under 5 decreased between 1990 and 2009.

Question 22

When the authors speak of a "shrinking world" they are referring to a decrease in diversity.

Question 23

Research on the effects of maternal employment on children indicates that

A) children are generally adversely affected.
B) children are generally positively affected.
C) effects depend on many different factors.
D) effects depend on mothers' attitudes toward their employment.

Question 24

Among U.S. married women with school-aged children, the rate of employment is approximately _____ percent.

A) 10
B) 40
C) 77
D) 90

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding out-of-home care for young children is true?

A) Research indicates that children's development is influenced by the quality of care received.
B) Research clearly indicates that the amount of time children spend in care is unrelated to child outcome.
C) There are no economic and ethnic/racial differences in the proportions of children in various child care situations.
D) Research indicates that for low income families, nonparental care is not recommended.

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding the research by Geoffrey et al. (2007)?

A) Children from all SES backgrounds in full-time non maternal care performed poorly on receptive language tests.
B) Child care setting had no impact on the receptive language abilities of children from low SES backgrounds.
C) The receptive language abilities of children from adequate SES backgrounds decreased in full-time non maternal care settings.
D) The highest receptive language scores were from kids who were from a low SES background and in full time non maternal care.

Question 27

Investigations of children who care for themselves after school ("latchkey" children) indicate that this situation

A) probably has different effects on different children in different specific situations.
B) is actually rare for elementary school children.
C) causes emotional disturbance in most children.
D) appears to have no effect at all on children.

Question 28

Which of the following is true regarding adoption?

A) Approximately 500,000 children lived with adoptive parents in 2007.
B) Statistics from 2011 indicate that most children are adopted after age 6.
C) Most children adopted in the U.S. are Caucasian.
D) About 20% of children adopted in 2008 were of a different race than their adoptive parents.

Question 29

With regard to behavioral problems, adopted children are at _____ risk than nonadopted children.

A) much greater
B) somewhat greater
C) somewhat less
D) no greater or less risk

Question 30

The results of the meta-analyses on adoption studies indicate

A) adoptees tend to have higher IQs and better school achievement than past peers.
B) adoptees have better attachment to caregivers than current peers.
C) adoptees have lower self-esteem than current peers.
D) adoptees were no more likely to be referred to mental health settings than current peers.

Question 31

Which is true about the foster care system and youth?

A) Kinship foster care is currently seen as unfavorable.
B) In 2009, 20% of children exiting the foster care system were reunited with their parents.
C) In 2009, there were almost 224,000 children in foster care.
D) The frequency of adoption from foster care as decreased.

Question 32

What proportion of youth with diagnosable disorders do not receive mental health services?

A)One-third to one-half
B)Two-thirds to three-fourths
C)One-half
D)One-third

Question 33

Which of the following is the correct historical sequence for setting of mental health services for children?

A) child guidance center, hospital based, mental health clinic/private practice
B) institution, home based, community based
C) hospital, residential treatment, child guidance center
D) child guidance center, mental health clinic/private practice, school

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the history of mental health services for youth in the U.S.?

A) adequate funding
B) sensitivity to the needs of minority groups
C) emphasis on prevention
D) poor coordination among relevant agencies and professionals

Question 35

With regard to mental health services in the U.S., there is some evidence that minority group families are especially

A) more likely to seek professional help and more likely to remain in care.
B) more likely to seek professional help but less likely to remain in care.
C) less likely to seek professional help but more likely to remain in care.
D) less likely to seek professional care and less likely to remain in care.

Question 36

Worldwide statistical data on the mortality of children under 5 years of age indicate that

A) globally, the rate of mortality increased by one-third from 1990 to 2009.
B) about 40% of deaths occur within the first month of life.
C) malnutrition is one of the largest killers.
D) AIDS related deaths in youth under 15 have increased.

Question 37

Data on armed conflict or sociopolitical conflict and children indicates

A) exposure to war and human tragedy is rare in children in countries with high sociopolitical conflict as they are protected or shielded from the horrors by adults.
B) in Sierra Leone, children as young as 7 were in combat or were forced into other front line service.
C) there are few, if any, gender differences in war related experiences.
D) there is little evidence of resilience in these children as they have simply seen too much.

Question 38

Discuss non parental care of young children in the United States. How are these children being cared for, and what conclusions have been reached regarding the effects of non parental care on cognitive and social development in young children?

Question 39

Describe the potential benefits of an after school program on children. Which children are most likely to benefit and why?

Question 40

Discuss the developmental risks and benefits of adoption. What have recent meta-analytic studies
told us about the outcome for adoptees? What are common risk factors?

Question 41

Review the changes in foster care due to the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1977 (Figure 15.3 in the textbook). What are the goals of this piece of legislation?

Question 42

Discuss the efforts made to develop community based, interagency systems of care. What is meant by "wrap around" services and "point of entry"?

Question 43

Mental health services for children are notoriously fragmented and underutilized. Discuss the
vision for mental health services proposed by Huang et al. (2005). What changes are needed?

Question 44

What issues exist in regard to third world poverty and health? Have we made progress? What areas need attention?

Question 45

Discuss the issues associated with exposure to armed conflict. What is the experience like? What are the typical psychological outcomes for children exposed to this violence? What factors influence outcome?

Question 46

Describe Ehntholt & Yule's (2006)model for intervention. How can this model be used to treat the effects of armed conflict?

Question 47

Why do we need to better understand diversity and enhance international cooperation? What role could psychology play in this endeavor?