Deck 1: Introduction: The Environment at Risk

Question 1

According to Healthy People 2020, which of the following is not an environmental objective for outdoor air quality?

A) Reducing the number of days the AQI exceeds 100, weighted by population and AQI
B) Increasing use of alternative modes of transportation for work
C) Reducing air toxic emissions to decrease the risk of adverse health effects
D) Increasing the production of clean coal as an energy source
E) Reducing the number of days the AQI exceeds 100, weighted by population and AQI; increasing use of alternative modes of transportation for work; and reducing air toxic emissions to decrease the risk of adverse health effects

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following outcomes is not usually associated with world population growth?

A) Prosperity
B) Pollution
C) Poverty
D) Urban crowding
E) Increases in infectious diseases

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The environment plays a role in human health through associations with which of the following?

A) Acute conditions
B) Allergic responses
C) Disability
D) Chronic disease
E) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The estimated global burden of disease (percentage) linked to environmental sources is:

A) 5% to 20%.
B) 25% to 33%.
C) 35% to 50%.
D) 55% to 70%.
E) 75% to 89%.

Question 5

Compared with adults, children represent a group that is especially vulnerable to environmental hazards for the following reasons, except:

A) Their immune systems are still developing.
B) They may be exposed more often to toxins in the outdoor air.
C) They may be exposed more often to toxins in the soil.
D) They spend more time indoors.
E) They may inadvertently ingest toxic substances.

Question 6

Reasons for the potential spread of avian influenza include which of the following?

A) Intensive animal husbandry practices
B) Restriction of international travel
C) Demonstrated person-to-person transmission
D) Both restriction of international travel and demonstrated person-to-person transmission
E) All of these are correct.

Question 7

All of the following statements about the 2009 swine flu outbreak are true, except:

A) It was caused by the H5N1 virus.
B) It was spread through North America to other parts of the globe.
C) It was classified as a pandemic by WHO.
D) It showed evidence of person-to-person transmission.
E) Initial cases showed no evidence of contact with pigs.

Question 8

Environmental risk transition is most likely to be characterized by:

A) increasing levels of poor food, air, and water quality.
B) increasing frequency of diarrhea caused by unsafe water.
C) air pollution from poor-quality indoor fuels.
D) control of household risks and creation of a new set of problems.
E) increases in acute respiratory diseases.

Question 9

Currently, the number of years required for the world's population to double is approximately:

A) 53 years.
B) 73 years.
C) 43 years.
D) 13 years.
E) 93 years.

Question 10

In 2050, the world's three most populous countries will be:

A) China, Indonesia, United States.
B) United States, Russia, and Japan.
C) China, Indonesia, and Brazil.
D) India, China, United States.
E) Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria.

Question 11

On Airs, Waters, and Places was significant because it:

A) identified an environmental cause of cancer.
B) described unsafe and hazardous working environments.
C) described the toxic properties of sulfur and zinc.
D) emphasized the role of the environment in people's health.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 12

Lemuel Shattuck's proposals set forth in the Report of the Sanitary Conditions of Massachusetts:

A) argued for the creation of state health departments.
B) described how environmental sanitation affected health.
C) were extremely innovative for their time.
D) ultimately were adopted by public health departments and are now in use.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 13

Affluent Romans may have suffered from chronic lead poisoning from lead pipes used to carry the water supply.

Question 14

Cholera outbreaks occurred in New York City during the mid-1800s.

Question 15

In The Jungle (1904), Upton Sinclair described the deplorable conditions in the meat processing industry.

Question 16

Rachel Carson published Silent Spring to highlight the dangers of pesticides.

Question 17

A contemporary environmental issue is the release of greenhouse gases and their possible contribution to global warming.

Question 18

Van Leeuwenhoek identified the yellow fever virus during the early 1900s.

Question 19

The fatal 1930 incident in Muese Valley, Belgium was associated with leakage of toxic chemicals from a former dump site.

Question 20

The legal profession has virtually no relevance to the environmental health field.