Deck 8: Communicating With Friends and Family

Question 1

Allison and Cate are close friends, but they only see each other twice a year because they are busy with work and their families. Which unique characteristic of friendships does this exemplify?

A) Friends typically treat each other as equals.
B) People can have as many friends as they want or have time for.
C) Friends are relatively free to design relationships that suit their needs.
D) Friends often do not help one another adjust to new challenges.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Allison and Cate are close friends and are peers because neither one has more authority or higher status than the other. Which unique characteristic of friendships does this exemplify?

A) Friends typically treat each other as equals.
B) People can have as many friends as they want or have time for.
C) Friends are relatively free to design relationships that suit their needs.
D) Friends often do not help one another adjust to new challenges.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which statement is correct?

A) Family and romantic relationships are unlimited in number.
B) People can have as many friends as they want or have time for.
C) Good friends typically do not help one another adjust to new challenges.
D) People with strong friendships are not usually happier than those without them.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The textbook cites one social scientist's definition of what makes a family: people who share affection and resources as a family, and who think of themselves and present themselves as a family, are a family. Of the following statements, which best explains why would she have needed to develop this definition?

A) Everybody's concept of what makes a family is the same.
B) Friends and family tend to overlap.
C) Family relationships are limited in number.
D) In today's world, it's not always easy to define what makes a family.

Question 5

Rob's parents divorced when he was three years old. His mother remarried, and after another three years he had a sibling, Simon. They have always been very close. When the family moved to another town and they started at a new school, Alice said to Rob: "Why does your brother look nothing like you?" When Rob explained that they had the same mother but different fathers, Alice asked: "So is he your real brother?" Rob and Simon were hurt and offended. What should Alice have understood?

A) Asking family members whether someone is "real" wrongly implies that other family members are fake or that they don't belong.
B) It is not difficult to define what a family is.
C) Sometimes, a sibling is also a friend.
D) Membership of a family depends on DNA.

Question 6

Good friends keep people healthy, _______, and make them feel loved and supported.

A) meet with them very frequently
B) boost their self-esteem
C) are closer than their family members
D) are not as close as their family members

Question 7

We typically consider people friend material if they remind of us of ourselves. This is how we choose friendships based on

A) having a lot in common.
B) complementarity.
C) mutual liking.
D) proximity.

Question 8

You probably like people who like you and shy away from those who seem to dislike you. This illustrates which of the common reasons to befriend someone?

A) You have a lot in common.
B) You balance each other out.
C) You like and appreciate each other.
D) You admire each other.

Question 9

Differences can strengthen a relationship when each partner's characteristics satisfy the other's needs. This is how we choose friendships based on

A) similarity.
B) complementarity.
C) mutual liking.
D) rewards.

Question 10

We are often friends with people that can offer us something. This is how we choose friendships based on

A) similarity.
B) complementarity.
C) mutual liking.
D) rewards.

Question 11

The model suggesting that we tend to stick with people who can give us rewards that are greater than or equal to the costs we encounter in dealing with them is called _______ theory.

A) attribution
B) social exchange
C) communication accommodation
D) social information processing

Question 12

Danielle has become friends with Cassie. Danielle likes that Cassie always encourages her. Cassie also often helps her with her yard work. From what we know, what is the most likely reason they are friends?

A) Similarity
B) Complementarity
C) Mutual liking
D) Rewards

Question 13

Derrick has become friends with Jalen. Derrick is uncomfortable talking to women he doesn't know, but Jalen is quite comfortable with it. This plays to Derrick's advantage, since he wants to talk to women, despite his discomfort. From what we know, what is the most likely reason they are friends?

A) Similarity
B) Complementarity
C) Mutual liking
D) Self-disclosure

Question 14

Lindsey and Donna have become friends. Lindsey feels like Donna approves of her and has an affinity toward her, and she feels the same way. Lindsey is a serious person and she likes the way Donna is humorous. It helps her feel less serious for a while. Although Lindsey is serious and Donna is humorous, they are both really into quilting, and they talk about it often. Donna has made over 100 complex quilts and Lindsey is relatively new to it, having made only 10. Lindsey feels like she can learn a lot from Donna. Which part of this description exemplifies that they like and appreciate each other?

A) Lindsey feels like she can learn a lot from Donna.
B) Lindsey feels like Donna approves of her and has an affinity toward her, and she feels the same way.
C) Lindsey is a serious person and she likes the way Donna is humorous. It helps her feel less serious for a while.
D) They are both really into quilting, and they talk about it often.

Question 15

Lindsey and Donna have become friends. Lindsey feels like Donna approves of her and has an affinity toward her, and she feels the same way. Lindsey is a serious person and she likes the way Donna is humorous. It helps her feel less serious for a while. Although Lindsey is serious and Donna is humorous, they are both really into quilting, and they talk about it often. Donna has made over 100 complex quilts and Lindsey is relatively new to it, having made only 10. Lindsey feels like she can learn a lot from Donna. Which part of this description exemplifies rewards?

A) Lindsey and Donna have become friends.
B) Lindsey feels like Donna approves of her and has an affinity toward her, and she feels the same way.
C) Lindsey is a serious person and she likes the way Donna is humorous. It helps her feel less serious for a while.
D) Lindsey feels like she can learn a lot from Donna.

Question 16

Gabrielle sometimes finds Simona to be annoying, but she is fond of Simona, and likes that Simona has connections with the people she likes to hang out with. Although there is a cost to the relationship, the benefit of being connected outweighs that cost. This is an example of _______ theory.

A) attribution
B) social exchange
C) communication accommodation
D) social information processing

Question 17

The tendency for prejudice to diminish, following mutual interaction, among people who would otherwise have stereotyped views of each other, is referred to as:

A) The intergroup contact hypothesis.
B) The communication accommodation theory.
C) The intragroup contact hypothesis.
D) The social exchange theory.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about communication in intergroup friendships is false?

A) It lessens the tendency to stereotype.
B) It can promote trust.
C) It may nurture understanding in unexpected ways.
D) It takes a long time and a lot of interaction before any benefits are seen.

Question 19

Even people who understand that intergroup friendships bring a range of advantages might still feel shy about initiating them. What strategy might best be recommended to someone feeling this apprehension?

A) Be approachable.
B) Don't fixate on differences.
C) Accept the awkward.
D) Remember that first impressions can mislead.

Question 20

Some friends know more about you than others. Their relationships with you could be categorized as _______ friendships.

A) low-disclosure
B) high-disclosure
C) low-obligation
D) high-obligation

Question 21

There are some friends for whom we would do just about anything-no request is too big. Their relationships with you could be categorized as _______ friendships.

A) low-disclosure
B) high-disclosure
C) low-obligation
D) high-obligation

Question 22

Some friends feel closeness by getting together just to talk or hang out. They could be categorized as having _______ friendships.

A) doing-oriented
B) being-oriented
C) low-disclosure
D) high-disclosure

Question 23

Friends that feel closeness by performing tasks or attending events together could be categorized as having _______ friendships.

A) doing-oriented
B) being-oriented
C) low-disclosure
D) high-disclosure

Question 24

Ricardo and Nilda are friends. Nilda asks Ricardo if he can help her move. Ricardo doesn't really want to help and comes up with an excuse. Which option below best describes Ricardo's friendship with Nilda?

A) It is doing-oriented.
B) It is high-disclosure.
C) It is low-obligation.
D) It is high-obligation.

Question 25

Rachel and Iris are friends. They both enjoy running with each other. The time they have spent running together has made them closer friends than ever. Which option below best describes their friendship?

A) It is doing-oriented.
B) It is being-oriented.
C) It is low-obligation.
D) It is high-obligation.

Question 26

Arthur and Helmut became friends when Helmut was an exchange student at Arthur's high school. After high school Helmut moved back to Germany, but they've stayed in touch throughout the years. This is an example of a _______ friendship.

A) high-obligation
B) low-obligation
C) short-term
D) long-term

Question 27

Christina and Mike have been friends since they attended band camp together in middle school. Although the years have passed, they have remained close. They both know a lot about each other. They tell each other things that they don't tell anyone else. They like to get together to talk or hang out. This makes them feel closer to one another. They are there for each other whenever help is needed. The one issue with their friendship is that Mike tends to view it as having a potential romantic element, but Christina doesn't. Which part of the description exemplifies a "being-oriented" friendship?

A) Christina and Mike have been friends since they attended band camp together in middle school.
B) They like to get together to talk or hang out. This makes them feel closer to one another.
C) They are there for each other whenever help is needed.
D) The one issue with their friendship is that Mike tends to view it as having a potential romantic element, but Christina doesn't.

Question 28

Paying close attention to your friend's nonverbal cues and noting what he or she isn't saying is a successful communication strategy in friendships. This pattern is "_______."

A) be a good listener
B) give advice sparingly
C) share your feelings appropriately
D) apologize and forgive

Question 29

Statements such as "You're the best" and "Thank you" enhance friends' satisfaction, as do favors. This pattern is "_______."

A) be a good listener
B) give advice sparingly
C) share your feelings appropriately
D) be validating and appreciative

Question 30

Speaking up when you are upset, but without attacking the other person is a strategy known as "_______."

A) be a good listener
B) give advice sparingly
C) share your feelings appropriately
D) apologize and forgive

Question 31

We can be good friends by maintaining confidences and standing up for our friends, even when they aren't around. This strategy is "_______."

A) be trustworthy
B) give and take equally
C) share your feelings appropriately
D) stay true through hard times

Question 32

People who believe their friends will be there for them when the going gets rough typically experience less everyday stress and more physical and emotional resilience than other people. This strategy is "_______."

A) be validating and appreciative
B) give and take equally
C) share your feelings appropriately
D) stay loyal in hard times

Question 33

Stewart helps his friend Brad when he needs it. Brad helps Stewart likewise. Classify this communication strategy for being a good friend.

A) Be trustworthy
B) Give and take equally
C) Share your feelings appropriately
D) Stay true through hard times

Question 34

Sarah is sure to let her friend Will know that she cares about him. Classify this communication strategy for being a good friend.

A) Be trustworthy
B) Give and take equally
C) Share your feelings appropriately
D) Be validating and appreciative

Question 35

Ernesto is upset because he lost his job. His friend Marge reassures him that she's there for him. Classify this communication strategy for being a good friend.

A) Be a good listener.
B) Give and take equally
C) Share your feelings appropriately
D) Stay loyal through hard times

Question 36

Jasmine and Cynthia have been friends for over 10 years. Although they have had a few disagreements, they are always open with each other and speak their minds without attacking. Jasmine often thanks Cynthia for being such a good friend. When Jasmine lost her cat, Cynthia helped her look for it and comforted her. Cynthia had a new romantic interest, Caleb, whom Jasmine was interested in as well. Without Jasmine knowing, Cynthia began talking to Caleb. She pointed out Jasmine's shortcomings to Caleb in a bid to avert his focus from her. When Jasmine found out, she was upset and could not get over it. As a result, their friendship suffered. What best describes what went wrong in the friendship?

A) Cynthia was not loyal.
B) Jasmine did not forgive Cynthia.
C) Cynthia was not loyal, Jasmine did not forgive Cynthia, and Cynthia did not apologize.
D) Cynthia was not validating and appreciative and Cynthia was not true through hard times.

Question 37

Jasmine and Cynthia have been friends for over 10 years. Although they have had a few disagreements, they are always open with each other and speak their minds without attacking. Jasmine often thanks Cynthia for being such a good friend. When Jasmine lost her cat, Cynthia helped her look for it and comforted her. Cynthia had a new romantic interest, Caleb, whom Jasmine was interested in as well. Without Jasmine knowing, Cynthia began talking to Caleb. She pointed out Jasmine's shortcomings to Caleb in a bid to avert his focus from her. When Jasmine found out, she was upset and could not get over it. As a result, their friendship suffered. What part of this description best displays the communication pattern of high-quality friendship defined as "share your feelings appropriately"?

A) Jasmine and Cynthia have been friends for over 10 years.
B) Although they have had a few disagreements, they are always open with each other and speak their minds without attacking.
C) Without Jasmine knowing, Cynthia began talking to Caleb. She pointed out Jasmine's shortcomings to Caleb in a bid to avert his focus from her.
D) When Jasmine found out, she was upset and could not get over it. As a result, their friendship suffered.

Question 38

In addressing the question: "Do men and women do friendship differently?" the textbook reminds that

A) there are no similarities.
B) there are no differences.
C) although there are many similarities, there are some common differences, especially in same-sex friendships.
D) although there are many similarities, there are some common differences, especially in cross-sex friendships.

Question 39

Men often say they find it validating when female friends encourage them to be more emotionally expressive than usual. Which fact about gender and friendship does this statement most clearly illustrate?

A) There are advantages to other-sex friendships.
B) Heterosexual men can be just friends with women.
C) Male-male friendships typically involve good-natured competition and a focus on tasks and events.
D) Perhaps the greatest byproduct of friendship is a sense of mutual acceptance and respect.

Question 40

In terms of gender diversity and friendship, college students with at least one friend who is transgender are _______ their peers to harbor negative attitudes to transgender people.

A) as likely as
B) far less likely than
C) more likely than
D) a little less likely than

Question 41

Andrea and Paul were studying the same subject at the same university. They were close friends and spent a lot of time together. They were both members of the chess club, had similar tastes in music, and often met for coffee. When one of them confessed to a long-kept fantasy that their relationship would one day become a romantic one, the other was surprised, and has been wary ever since. What most likely happened to cool their friendship?

A) Andrea confessed that she had always secretly wished the friendship would become a romantic relationship.
B) Paul tended to emphasize independence and friendly competition more than Andrea.
C) Andrea expected all her friends to be more emotionally supportive and understanding than Paul was.
D) Paul confessed that he had always secretly wished the friendship would become a romantic relationship.

Question 42

This type of friendship is one in which people tend to treat each other more as equals and to engage in emotional support and self-disclosure.

A) Short-term friendship
B) High-obligation friendship
C) Friendship between females
D) Friendship between males

Question 43

Roger is gay and has a lot of close friends who are straight. Roger is less likely than his other gay friends, who do not have so many straight friends, to perceive that society judges him harshly for being gay. This is likely because, as the textbook explains, perhaps the greatest byproduct of friendship is

A) a sense of mutual acceptance and respect.
B) the opportunity for men to be emotionally expressive.
C) a combination of self-disclosure and independence.
D) a sense of mutual obligation.

Question 44

Renee was bragging to her friends that she has over 10,000 "friends" in her online networks. The people around Renee know that she isn't really friends with all of these people. Which difference between mediated and offline friendships does this demonstrate?

A) Many people share more in person, at least at first.
B) Online communication can be less anxiety provoking.
C) Online communication transcends time and space.
D) More online communication isn't always better.

Question 45

Rod has been for many years an enthusiastic collector of beer-bottle labels from around the world. There was nobody in his town with whom he could share his hobby, and nobody who was even interested in it. Eventually he stopped mentioning his hobby to people he met, and when new neighbors arrived next door he was reluctant to speak about it. When Rod first went online he was delighted to find that thousands of people across the globe shared his interest. Rod's worries and reluctance to share disappeared. Now some of his best friends are fellow collectors. Rod doesn't mind that they live far from him, and he is much more confident talking about his hobby with new online friends. Which two facts about online communication does this scenario illustrate?

A) More online communication isn't always better, and many people share more in person, at least at first.
B) Online communication transcends time and space, and it can be less anxiety-provoking.
C) Online communication transcends time and space, and many people share more in person, at least at first.
D) More online communication isn't always better, although it can be less anxiety-provoking.

Question 46

According to one report, the average person has

A) an equal number of online and offline friends.
B) twice as many offline friends as online friends.
C) twice as many online friends as offline friends.
D) slightly more online friends than offline friends.

Question 47

Paola and Fred have been close friends since their college days. Although it is 15 years since they graduated, and Paola has lived on another continent for 10 of them, they still talk several times each week, and feel closer than ever. Which factor of online communication does their story best illustrate?

A) Online communication transcends time and space.
B) Online communication can be less anxiety provoking.
C) Online relationships are often more intimate than in-person ones.
D) The average person has many more online friends than physical ones.

Question 48

If the family communication pattern emphasizes _______, the teen and his or her parents would probably negotiate establishing a curfew by talking openly about it and listening to each other.

A) conversation
B) conformity
C) authority
D) permission

Question 49

If the emphasis is on _______, the teen will be expected to follow Mom and Dad's rules, beliefs, and values without challenging them.

A) conversation
B) conformity
C) authority
D) permission

Question 50

Parents who are firm, clear, and strict, but also encourage children to communicate openly with them are called

A) authoritarian.
B) dictatorial.
C) permissive.
D) authoritative.

Question 51

Parents who do not require children to follow many rules are called

A) authoritarian.
B) dictatorial.
C) permissive.
D) authoritative.

Question 52

Britt is an excellent negotiator. She has been told that she is great at expressing her emotions confidently and effectively. Based on her behavior, what parental communication pattern did she most likely grow up under?

A) Supportive
B) Conversation
C) Competitive
D) Conformity

Question 53

Pete expects his children to obey him and when questioned he often says, "Because I said so." What parenting style does Pete exhibit?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Dictatorial

Question 54

Marcy is not very emotionally resilient because she believes her parents controlled her behavior for selfish reasons. What parental communication pattern did she most likely grow up under?

A) Supportive
B) Conversation
C) Competitive
D) Conformity

Question 55

Siblings classified as _______ tend only to communicate with one another on special occasions, such as holidays or weddings.

A) supportive
B) longing
C) competitive
D) apathetic

Question 56

Siblings in the _______ category typically admire and respect one other. However, they interact less frequently and with less depth than they would like.

A) supportive
B) longing
C) competitive
D) apathetic

Question 57

Jared and Joseph are siblings from a large family. Jared is 27 and Joseph is 29. They often get together to talk and they are emotionally close. How might you characterize their sibling relationship?

A) Supportive
B) Longing
C) Competitive
D) Apathetic

Question 58

Deborah and Jennifer are sisters. When Jennifer got her master's degree, Deborah felt the need to get hers too. Likewise, when Deborah began a workout routine, Jennifer felt she had to begin one as well. How might you characterize their sibling relationship?

A) Supportive
B) Longing
C) Competitive
D) Apathetic

Question 59

Jessica is Stephen's sister. Jessica admires the way Stephen is confident and focused. Stephen respects Jessica's determination. Despite their admiration and respect for each other, they don't talk as often as they would like, and their conversations tend to skate over the surface of subjects. Neither of them is completely happy with that. How might you characterize their sibling relationship?

A) Supportive
B) Longing
C) Competitive
D) Apathetic

Question 60

Ashley and Shawn are siblings. They never talk to one another. In fact, they both feel resentment towards each other. How might you characterize their sibling relationship?

A) Supportive
B) Competitive
C) Apathetic
D) Hostile

Question 61

People who are involved in reflection and conversation learn how to manage and express their feelings better than people who don't. Which strategy for successful family communication is best demonstrated by this fact?

A) Have fun together.
B) Coach conflict management.
C) Negotiate privacy rules.
D) Listen to each other.

Question 62

Compliments such as "you are a very thoughtful person," and "I know you will do a great job" tend to be self-fulfilling. Which strategy for successful family communication is demonstrated by this fact?

A) Coach conflict management.
B) Negotiate privacy rules.
C) Listen to each other.
D) Go heavy on confirming messages.

Question 63

The Jackson family likes to watch a movie and eat popcorn together as a family night every Friday. Which optimal communication strategy for strengthening ties is best demonstrated by the Jackson family?

A) Go heavy on confirming messages.
B) Have fun together.
C) Negotiate privacy rules.
D) Share family stories.

Question 64

The members of the Gonzalez family encourage each other to work out differences. They feel comfortable doing so because the parents have made a safe environment to discuss issues and arrive at solutions together. Which optimal communication strategy for strengthening ties is best demonstrated by the Gonzalez family?

A) Share family stories.
B) Have fun together.
C) Negotiate privacy rules.
D) Coach conflict management.

Question 65

How is the term "family" defined in the chapter?

Question 66

Name the seven most common reasons people become friends.

Question 67

Name three of the five dimensions that make friendships different from one another.

Question 68

Name four of the eight strategies that are recommended to strengthen friendships.

Question 69

Name three of the six communication strategies for building a strong family.

Question 70

How do men and women communicate in same-sex and other-sex friendships?

Question 71

Describe the main differences between people's online and offline in-person communication.

Question 72

Describe the types of parenting styles used between parents and children.

Question 73

Describe how best to approach "conflict management" within the family.