Deck 7: Social Work Practice With Children

Question 1

________ has the highest rate of child poverty, which indicates that "wealthy provinces" do not necessarily have the lowest rates of child poverty.

A) Alberta
B) British Columbia
C) Ontario
D) Manitoba
E) New Brunswick

Answer 1

B

Question 2

________ have the highest rates of child poverty.

A) Children who attend private schools
B) Immigrants, Indigenous peoples, and visible minorities
C) All children are impoverished
D) Children in Quebec who only speak French
E) Children who live in apartment complexes

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In Canada, the best definition of "child" for the purposes of protection in the child welfare system is ________.

A) any individual under the age of 16
B) any individual under the age of 17
C) any individual under the age of 18
D) any individual under the age of 19
E) There is no one age as it varies provincially.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

________ is NOT a dimension of child well-being according to UNICEF (2007).

A) Excess of entertainment
B) Health and safety
C) Educational well-being
D) Family and peer relationships
E) Subjective well-being

Question 5

The three distinct but overlapping areas of social work practice with children are ________.

A) supervision, direct practice, and relationships with co-workers
B) case reports, best interest of the child, and risk assessments
C) fighting oppression, family counselling, and taking the side of the parent
D) child welfare, youth justice, and prevention
E) education, compromising with judges, and strict practices towards children

Question 6

The major guiding principle of child welfare agencies is ________.

A) drafting of risk assessments
B) discouraging of family violence
C) conversation with one's supervisor
D) child saving
E) best interest of the child

Question 7

The key activity of child welfare that functions to receive and investigate reports of possible child abuse and neglect is ________.

A) child protection
B) child placement
C) adoption
D) family support
E) foster care

Question 8

According to the 2008 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect, the two most frequently occurring categories of substantiated maltreatment of children were ________.

A) neglect and intimate partner violence
B) substance abuse and fighting
C) problems in school and disobedience
D) foster care and restorative justice
E) jail and substance abuse

Question 9

In Canada, perceptions of children have changed and evolved according to several unique stages. Children were considered parental property with no protective laws in ________.

A) Stage One: Children as Objects
B) Stage Two: Children as Vulnerable Individuals in Need of Protection
C) Stage Three: Children as Subjects
D) Stage Four: Children as Independent
E) Stage Five: Children as Adults

Question 10

________ is NOT a common feature found in all the provinces' child welfare policies.

A) Respect for the parent's primary responsibility
B) The definition of a child for the purposes of protection
C) Respect for cultural heritage, particularly for Indigenous children
D) The best interest of the child, when the child is found to be in need of protection
E) The continuity of care and stability as important for children

Question 11

In Canada, perceptions of children have changed and evolved according to several unique stages. It was first argued that the state had the duty to prevent and intervene with child cruelty and maltreatment in ________.

A) Stage One: Children as Objects
B) Stage Two: Children as Vulnerable Individuals in Need of Protection
C) Stage Three: Children as Subjects
D) Stage Four: Children as Independent
E) Stage Five: Children as Adults

Question 12

In the late 1800s, ________ felt it was their duty to save children from society's moral decline and deficient parenting.

A) child savers
B) social workers
C) teachers
D) saints
E) mercenaries

Question 13

In Canada, perceptions of children have changed and evolved according to several unique stages. Children were no longer viewed as objects in need of state protection, but as subjects, existing with dignity and their own basic rights, in ________.

A) Stage One: Children as Objects
B) Stage Two: Children as Vulnerable Individuals in Need of Protection
C) Stage Three: Children as Subjects
D) Stage Four: Children as Independent
E) Stage Five: Children as Adults

Question 14

The term ________ is used to refer to apprehending unusually high numbers of Indigenous children and fostering or adopting them, largely to non-Indigenous families.

A) battered child syndrome
B) Sixties Scoop
C) Badgley Report
D) Juvenile Delinquents Act
E) child savers

Question 15

In 1980, ________ made up 2 per cent of the Canadian child population but represented more than 10 per cent of children in foster care.

A) francophone children
B) immigrant children
C) refugee children
D) Black children
E) Indigenous children

Question 16

________ refers to the urging of physicians to report to authorities any evidence of broken bones in infants and children.

A) Sixties Scoop
B) Child abuse
C) Prevention
D) Battered child syndrome
E) Risk assessment

Question 17

________ were introduced to be the least invasive towards the child while protecting him or her from abuse and neglect.

A) Revelations from the Badgley Report
B) Foster care programs
C) Child savers
D) Least intrusive measures
E) Systems of oppression

Question 18

________ was developed in the late 1980s and initiated a broad category of rights that applies to every human being below the age of 18 years.

A) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
B) Young Offenders Act
C) Bill C-10 and Bill C-25
D) Restorative justice
E) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Question 19

In Canada, the ________ is recognized as an "interpretive guide" for situations where legislation regarding child welfare is ambiguous or silent.

A) Young Offenders Act
B) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
C) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
D) Badgley Report
E) Youth Criminal Justice Act

Question 20

________ is NOT considered a reason why families experience difficulty.

A) Parental deficiency
B) Family breakdown
C) Not attending university
D) Societal breakdown
E) Systems of oppression

Question 21

________ is a tool used by social workers to determine the likelihood of further abuse or neglect.

A) A case report
B) A risk assessment
C) Duty to report
D) An in-home service
E) Restorative justice

Question 22

________ is the physical or psychological mistreatment of a child by an adult.

A) Intrusion
B) Battering
C) Child abuse
D) Neglect
E) Oppression

Question 23

________ applies to the abandonment of a child or the omission of basic care such as medical or dental care.

A) Physical abuse
B) Oppression
C) Laziness
D) Neglect
E) Emotional abuse

Question 24

It is appropriate for a social worker to remove children from parental care ________.

A) on any allegations of abuse or neglect
B) only if there are visible marks of physical abuse
C) never - parents should always be able to raise their children
D) only if it can be demonstrated that remaining in parental care poses significant risks to the child
E) if the social worker suspects there are marital problems

Question 25

In a formal investigation into a child abuse report, if parents do not fall below the prescribed minimal child-care standards, ________.

A) the investigation is closed
B) they receive some further assistance from the agency
C) the children are removed from the home
D) supervision orders are put in place to ensure that parents are complying with expectations
E) they are referred to other programs

Question 26

________ is an example of out-of-home services.

A) Family counselling
B) Parental support
C) Homemaker services
D) In-home childcare
E) Foster care

Question 27

________ is an example of in-home services.

A) Group residential care
B) Foster care
C) Kinship care
D) Institutional care
E) Family counselling

Question 28

________ continue to be overrepresented among children in care in child welfare agencies across Canada.

A) Francophone children
B) Children from high-income families
C) Indigenous children
D) Girls
E) Each group is equally represented.

Question 29

According to critics of the Canadian child welfare system, ________.

A) social and structural issues are overlooked, and individual parents are still blamed
B) individuals need to be held more responsible
C) there are too many social welfare systems in place for children
D) there is a need for more child savers
E) There are no critics of the Canadian social welfare system.

Question 30

The term that most closely relates to children under the age of 7 being deemed incapable of committing a criminal act is ________.

A) Juvenile Delinquents Act
B) forgiveness
C) Young Offenders Act
D) doli incapax
E) at-risk

Question 31

In terms of the evolution of Canada's youth justice system, ________.

A) the youth justice system parallels the evolution of the child welfare system
B) the youth justice system was free from society's structural inequalities
C) the youth justice system has not gone through many modifications in its history
D) there was consistent agreement between political parties in the youth justice system
E) everyone agrees that children who commit offences should be imprisoned

Question 32

During the era of the Young Offenders Act, Canada was known internationally for having ________.

A) a high dropout rate for public and private school students
B) successful social welfare policies
C) a decrease in structural inequality
D) productive child-family in-home meetings
E) an extremely high youth incarceration rate

Question 33

The introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in 2003 did NOT lead to ________.

A) increasing police warnings and referrals to restorative justice
B) reserving the court process for only the most serious offences
C) placing children in detention centres as soon as allegations surfaced that they committed a crime
D) lowering the age for sentencing youth as adults
E) reducing the rate of youth incarceration

Question 34

Recent conservative policies on youth justice include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) denunciation and deterrence
B) giving youth one free pass
C) focusing more on crime control than rehabilitation
D) allowing the publication of the names of youth who have committed violent crimes
E) requiring courts to consider adult sentences for youth convicted of serious crimes

Question 35

________ involve(s) mediation between the victim of an offence and the offender in order to collectively deal with the aftermath of an offence.

A) Cognitive-based therapy
B) Doli incapax
C) Restorative justice
D) In-home services
E) Risk and protective factors

Question 36

A social worker working in youth justice is NOT expected to ________.

A) testify as a witness in court
B) act as an advocate at the individual, family, and community level
C) work with police and judges
D) work with families of youth
E) All of the above are roles of social workers.

Question 37

When we talk about "at-risk" youth, we are referring to ________.

A) children who come from wealthy families
B) children who play sports
C) children whose social and economic conditions have made them more likely to experience substance abuse, homelessness, criminal activity, or early pregnancy
D) children who arrive late to school
E) children who have committed an offence

Question 38

Key challenges for social workers working in child welfare and youth justice do NOT include ________.

A) balancing parental rights and child protection
B) making up their own child welfare laws
C) balancing the rights of youth in conflict with the law with the rights of victims
D) addressing the tension between regarding children as "in need" or as responsible for their actions
E) accepting that children may view social workers as intrusive

Question 39

The purpose of the Canadian Human Rights Act is to ________.

A) prohibit discrimination
B) improve child well-being
C) abolish poverty
D) improve the human rights of Indigenous persons
E) both A and B

Question 40

The Canadian Human Rights Act created the ________ to enforce its statutes.

A) Canadian Human Rights Commission
B) Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
C) Canadian Human Rights Committee
D) Canadian Human Rights Council
E) both A and B

Question 41

The ________ is a special administrative body that receives and makes decisions on cases related to discrimination.

A) Office of Canadian Human Rights
B) Canadian Human Rights Act
C) Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
D) Canadian Human Rights Council
E) none of the above

Question 42

The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal on First Nations Child Welfare found that ________.

A) Canada had not effectively implemented Jordan's Principle
B) the federal government discriminated against First Nations children on reserves
C) there were insufficient grounds for discrimination
D) Indigenous children were underrepresented in the child welfare system
E) both A and B

Question 43

________ is NOT a key component of Stage Three: Children as Subjects.

A) Indigenous children and child welfare
B) Child saving
C) The Badgley report
D) The impact of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
E) The effect of changing demographics in Canada

Question 44

________ emphasized the protection of society as a primary goal of the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

A) Bill C-25
B) Bill C-10
C) Bill C-20
D) Bill C-21
E) both A and B

Question 45

Bill C-25 amended the Youth Criminal Justice Act by adding the principle of ________.

A) denunciation
B) deterrence
C) deference
D) distinction
E) both A and B

Question 46

The province of ________ has spoken out against Bill C-10.

A) Newfoundland and Labrador
B) Quebec
C) Ontario
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 47

It has been argued that Bill C-10 fails to adequately embrace the principle of ________.

A) restoration
B) deterrence
C) rehabilitation
D) culpability
E) none of the above

Question 48

________ is a therapeutic approach that has been advocated as particularly effective in supporting the reintegration of offenders.

A) narrative therapy
B) solution talk
C) play therapy
D) cognitive-behavioural therapy
E) all of the above

Question 49

Many Indigenous children who were removed from their homes during the "Sixties Scoop" were eventually returned to their biological families.

Question 50

During the 1920s to 1950s, child welfare services received increased attention from the Canadian government, as it no longer had to deal with the Depression or two world wars.

Question 51

Family support, child protection, adoption, foster care, and child placement are the five key activities of child welfare.

Question 52

In child welfare practice, risk assessment is an activity designed to determine the likelihood of future abuse or neglect so that actions can be taken to prevent it.

Question 53

Group residential care and foster family care are two examples of out-of-home services for children.

Question 54

Restorative justice, or victim-offender mediation, is an aspect of preventive social work.

Question 55

From colonial times to the nineteenth century, children were viewed as objects rather than rights-holders.

Question 56

"Child savers" believed whole-heartedly in the Canadian government and worked in collaboration to help parents and social workers maintain the working system; they acted as assistants to parents.

Question 57

Across all provinces in Canada, children are considered to be individuals under eighteen years of age.

Question 58

A duty to report refers to a professional's obligation to report any suspected abuse or neglect when there are reasonable grounds for believing a child may be in need of protection.

Question 59

The youth justice system in Canada has historically never incarcerated a child under the age of 18.

Question 60

With the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), both the rate and severity of youth crime have decreased.

Question 61

Social work practice with children falls under three themes: child welfare, youth justice, and school social work.

Question 62

The least intrusive measures of intervention were developed in order to remove a child from a home in the least intrusive way.

Question 63

Although provincial child welfare legislation varies, one current commonality between the provinces is a respect for cultural heritage, particularly for Indigenous children.

Question 64

Research on poverty shows that raising the incomes of poor families above the poverty line will have no impact on the learning ability and school performance of young children.

Question 65

Due to the Badgley Report of 1984, the prevalence of sexual abuse of children across Canada became well-known, and females were found to be victims more than males.

Question 66

Examples of restorative justice in Indigenous communities include sentencing circles, which involve the person who has done the harm, the victim, and community members such as Elders and family members.

Question 67

"Societal breakdown" is the child welfare perspective that child maltreatment is primarily related to parental deficiency.

Question 68

Cognitive-behavioural practices such as pro-social modelling, motivational interviewing, problem solving, and social skills training are all techniques used to modify the behaviour of young offenders.

Question 69

Parental neglect in Indigenous communities is often linked to structural factors such as inadequate housing, social exclusion, and unemployment.

Question 70

All individuals and groups are completely satisfied with the child welfare system in Canada, and do not believe any overhaul is required.

Question 71

Doli incapax was developed under English common law and stated that children under the age of 7 were incapable of committing a criminal act.

Question 72

The three distinct areas of social work practice with children - child welfare, youth justice, and prevention - are seen as mutually exclusive with no overlap.

Question 73

Bill C-25's principles amending the Youth Criminal Justice Act are reflective of a rehabilitative model rather than a crime control model.

Question 74

The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal on First Nations Child Welfare was considered a triumph because there have been zero non-compliance orders issued against Canada since the Tribunal.

Question 75

The two mechanisms to enforce the Canadian Human Rights Act are the Canadian Human Rights Commission and the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal.

Question 76

Cindy Blackstock filed a complaint against the Canadian government in 2007 for discrimination on the basis of race and/or national or ethnic origin.

Question 77

Social workers' role within youth justice includes restorative justice through victim-offender mediation.

Question 78

Social workers cannot be fined for failure to report suspicions of child abuse and/or neglect.

Question 79

Social workers can play a role in preventing child abuse and/or neglect through the use of a risk assessment.

Question 80

Ashley Smith's tragic death is an example in favour of Bill C-10.