Deck 1: Historical Foundations of Addressing Need: Indigenous, French, and English Traditions

Question 1

Mino-pimatisiwin is a Cree word that means ________.

A) social work
B) the Medicine Wheel
C) the good life
D) First Nations
E) a gathering of elders

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Canadian social work has largely been shaped by ________ traditions.

A) British and American
B) American only
C) Western European
D) Australian
E) Scandinavian

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________, a principle contained in the Medicine Wheel, refers to understanding each aspect of the four cardinal directions of the Wheel and the directions' interconnections for holistic well-being.

A) Stability
B) Wholeness
C) Treatment
D) Fulfillment
E) Welfare

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Historically, which of the following has not been a way Elders have passed on knowledge?

A) Role modelling
B) Written texts
C) Storytelling
D) Ceremonies
E) Sharing circles

Question 5

Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit is the Inuktitut term for ________.

A) traditional or Indigenous knowledge of the Inuit
B) working with non-Inuit Peoples
C) Inuit ways of knowing
D) Inuit territory
E) Inuit elder education

Question 6

After Quebec, the province or territory with the largest number of residents whose mother tongue is French is ________.

A) New Brunswick
B) British Columbia
C) Ontario
D) Alberta
E) Yukon

Question 7

It is through ________ for healing and growth that individuals, families and communities can attain mino-pimatisiwin.

A) personal responsibility
B) long-term therapeutic interventions
C) harmony
D) collective work
E) institutional treatment

Question 8

________ authored an analysis of the conditions of Montreal's working-class communities in the late 1800s.

A) L'Abbé Charles-Edouard Bourgeois
B) Marie Lacoste Gérin-Lajoie
C) Frederick Marsh
D) Herbert Ames
E) Charlotte Whitton

Question 9

The Public Charities Act of 1921 ________.

A) was the first legislation enacted which brought together charity organizations to formalize and organize relief provision to the poor
B) was the first social legislation enacted, mandating that government was required to help those in need
C) was the legislation which provided public funding to parishes to serve communities living in poverty
D) provided targeted funding for the distribution of aid in rural communities
E) formally brought together Charity Organization Societies to systematically provide relief

Question 10

In seventeenth-century Montreal, a(n) ________ combined relief with moral rehabilitation through labour for the undeserving poor.

A) maison d'industrie
B) settlement house
C) hostel
D) almshouse
E) halfway house

Question 11

The bureaux des pauvres were established and operated in the cities of Quebec, Montreal, and Trois-Rivières in ________.

A) 1566
B) 1601
C) 1688
D) 1710
E) 1750

Question 12

An early belief about poverty was that it was ________.

A) a result of economic forces
B) evidence of the shortcomings of the education system
C) individually driven
D) a consequence of the lack of collaboration between the provinces and the federal government
E) tied to a region's agricultural productivity

Question 13

________was one of the first in Quebec to challenge conventional attitudes toward the poor, asserting poverty was more related to unemployment than laziness.

A) Marie Lacoste Gérin-Lajoie
B) L'Abbé Charles-Edouard Bourgeois
C) Sœurs Dominicaines du Rosaire in Trois-Rivières
D) Herbert Ames
E) J.S. Woodsworth

Question 14

The 1871 census recording in Quebec found that ________ of the population was Roman Catholic.

A) 50 per cent
B) 55 per cent
C) 99 per cent
D) 85 per cent
E) 70 per cent

Question 15

In Quebec in the nineteenth century, most charitable activities were carried out ________.

A) under the supervision of or directly by churches
B) by local government officials
C) by settlement houses
D) by wives of wealthy businessmen
E) by provincial administrators

Question 16

In ________, the Civil Code of Lower Canada sought to codify all aspects of civil relations, primarily persons, property, succession, and marriage.

A) 1935
B) 1866
C) 1937
D) 1897
E) 1901

Question 17

In the 1800s in Quebec, ________ were an early model for charity organization societies.

A) workhouses
B) benevolent societies
C) civil offices
D) municipal welfare offices
E) local independence societies

Question 18

Material assistance provided to individuals and families in their own homes was referred to as ________.

A) indoor relief
B) poorhouse provision
C) outdoor relief
D) alms
E) organized charity

Question 19

In the 1800s in Quebec, ________ were entities founded by groups of workers to provide for workers and their families in case of sickness or death.

A) mutual benefit societies
B) Charity Organization Societies
C) settlement house organizations
D) missions
E) municipal councils

Question 20

The principle requiring that the standard of living of a labourer who works the lowest-paying labour market job be higher than that of an individual receiving public assistance is ________.

A) benefit adjusting
B) administrative welfare
C) civil eligibility
D) dependence-prevention
E) less eligibility

Question 21

According to the Puritan doctrine of vocation, relief to those who are poor leads to ________.

A) famine
B) outdoor relief
C) increased dependence
D) character improvement
E) increased independence

Question 22

Provision of care for the poor shifted from work done by volunteers to paid social work largely because of the application of a "scientific approach." This reflects the idea that ________.

A) volunteers need to be paid to undergo training to make moral judgments of who is "deserving"
B) social work should involve the ability to prescribe medication; hence, social workers need to be paid professionals with training in medicine and/or science
C) it is necessary for the worker to have specific training to gain a scientific understanding of human behaviour and social processes
D) it is not important to understand the behavioural aspects of clients but only to address physical symptoms
E) social work in hospitals requires further training for process diagnoses

Question 23

The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 had its origins in ________.

A) France
B) New France
C) American colonies
D) England
E) Ireland

Question 24

Proponents of the Charity Organization Societies believed that the application of a rigorous welfare delivery system would provide ________ evaluations of poverty's causes.

A) objective
B) interdependent
C) subjective
D) religious
E) individual

Question 25

________ is assistance provided in an institutional setting.

A) Familial relief
B) Outdoor relief
C) Domicile relief
D) Provincial relief
E) Indoor relief

Question 26

Addressing an issue by systematically gathering data on an individual, analyzing the data, and then making a data-based diagnosis and treatment plan is referred to as ________.

A) structured charity
B) social casework
C) anti-poverty measures
D) social planning
E) organized system plans

Question 27

Social welfare provision at the beginning of the twentieth century was marked by ________.

A) a growing antagonism toward social evidence
B) an increasing emphasis on private welfare
C) the emergence of "friendly visitors"
D) a provincial push to increase local parish involvement
E) a shift from moral judgment to a scientific approach to problem solving

Question 28

________, as related to poverty, is the belief that indiscriminate relief would weaken a person's moral character, leading to a weakening of society.

A) Utilitarianism
B) Individualism
C) Altruism
D) Social Darwinism
E) Socialism

Question 29

Friendly visitors representing Charity Organization Societies would evaluate individuals' eligibility for relief by assessing their ________.

A) social environment
B) economic environment
C) community's dynamics
D) individual character
E) level of education

Question 30

Settlement house workers used ________ as a main tool for social change.

A) material welfare provision
B) relationships with community members
C) family tax credits
D) local parishes
E) municipal tax benefits

Question 31

Settlement House Movement proponents placed a greater emphasis on ________ than proponents of the Charity Organization Societies.

A) religious foundations
B) provincial intervention
C) social reform
D) moral rehabilitation
E) individual character

Question 32

In the early 1900s, ________ conducted a study to discover how to encourage the neighbourliness found in rural areas in urban areas, as a way to address social challenges.

A) J.S. Woodsworth
B) Herbert Ames
C) Jane Addams
D) Charlotte Whitton
E) Daniel Matthews

Question 33

The most famous settlement house, Hull House, was founded in ________.

A) Toronto
B) Chicago
C) Montreal
D) New York
E) Winnipeg

Question 34

The ________ was a theological and social movement devoted to social development and change.

A) Social Democratic Movement
B) Social Methodist Movement
C) Religious Activist Movement
D) Social Rebellion Movement
E) Social Gospel Movement

Question 35

In 1914, the Moral and Social Reform Council of Canada evolved into the ________.

A) Social Service Council of Canada
B) Settlement House Societies Council of Canada
C) Canadian Association of Schools of Social Work
D) All Peoples' Mission of Canada
E) United Church of Canada Reform Council

Question 36

In 2007, the prevalence of poverty among women either unmarried or not in common-law relationships was ________ the prevalence among women in families.

A) greater than
B) less than
C) the same as
D) not recorded
E) negligible compared to

Question 37

One of the oldest, largest Black churches in Canada, ________ was founded in 1907 in Montreal by a group of Black railroad porters who no longer felt welcome in White churches and wanted to control their own institution.

A) Union Methodist Church
B) Union Saint-Joseph
C) Union Congregational Church
D) African Methodist Episcopal Church
E) All People's Mission Church

Question 38

________ was/were at the centre of the social order in colonial society.

A) Elders
B) The church
C) Clergy members
D) The family
E) Fathers

Question 39

A perspective that began in the colonial era defining a woman's role solely as a wife and mother is ________.

A) patriarchy
B) the family ethic
C) the Protestant work ethic
D) feminism
E) matriarchy

Question 40

The Great Depression caused Canadians to see unemployment as a(n) ________.

A) problem that was largely located in the Prairie provinces
B) socio-economic structural problem rather than a personal problem
C) acceptable fact of life
D) result of government intervention in the economy
E) failure of private philanthropy

Question 41

The stock market crash in ________ brought on massive unemployment and poverty across Canada.

A) 1909
B) 1934
C) 1945
D) 1924
E) 1929

Question 42

In ________, the Assistance to Needy Mothers was enacted in Quebec.

A) 1901
B) 1897
C) 1968
D) 1937
E) 1928

Question 43

A(n) ________ state describes a country whose government assumes responsibility for ensuring that its citizens' basic needs are met.

A) revolutionary
B) private
C) welfare
D) individualistic
E) charity-focused

Question 44

In 1963, the ________ marked the end of an era requiring that a person in need have "good morals" as eligibility for assistance.

A) Marsh Report
B) Boucher Report
C) Romanow Report
D) Social Welfare Council Report
E) Lajoie Report

Question 45

The Quiet Revolution occurred in ________ in the ________.

A) Quebec; mid-1920s
B) Ontario; mid-1960s
C) Quebec; mid-1960s
D) New Brunswick; mid-1970s
E) New Brunswick; mid-1950s

Question 46

In addition to ensuring that basic needs are met, the fundamental idea of any welfare system is to increase ________.

A) access to services
B) opportunity
C) equality
D) freedom
E) collectivism

Question 47

A state where limited support is only given to people in need as a last resort is referred to as ________.

A) institutional
B) systemic
C) structural
D) residual
E) socialist

Question 48

The first schools of social work opened in Toronto and Montreal in the 1910s as a response to ________.

A) political turmoil overseas
B) the Great Depression
C) educational reforms for women
D) the growing Socialist movement
E) the desire for greater professionalization of social service provision

Question 49

Neoliberalism can be defined as ________.

A) economic policies that support the shift of control of economic factors from the public sector to the private sector
B) economic policies that increase funding for liberal social programs to alleviate poverty
C) a political movement that seeks to remove government control from local regions
D) economic policies that seek to tighten control of social spending by increasing public sector control
E) a political ideology that seeks only minimal state intervention in civic life

Question 50

Neoliberal policies began with the election of ________.

A) Stephen Harper
B) Brian Mulroney
C) Justin Trudeau
D) Paul Martin
E) Jean Chrétien

Question 51

Those who are in need of healing must submit to the wisdom of an Elder and follow the Elder's recommendations.

Question 52

Harmony, a principle contained in the Medicine Wheel, is focused on caring for connections within oneself, with nature and non-humans, and in the world and universe.

Question 53

The Medicine Wheel has one exclusive interpretation.

Question 54

Traditional healers are integral to the health of Indigenous communities through assisting the body in healing not only by employing herbal medicines but also by employing physiological practices.

Question 55

Elders are all members of an Indigenous community aged 65 and over.

Question 56

Maligait is an Inuktitut word which refers to the laws that contribute to "living a good life."

Question 57

Inuit Elders typically wait for those in need to seek them out.

Question 58

Indigenous Elders are key knowledge connections not only to the past but also to the present and future.

Question 59

Canadians whose mother tongue is French live only in Quebec.

Question 60

Quebec was the last Canadian province to grant the vote to women in 1940.

Question 61

Enabling women to work outside of the home to support their families financially was known as the family ethic.

Question 62

L'Abbé Charles-Edouard Bourgeois founded the first Francophone social service agency which focused on helping orphaned and neglected children.

Question 63

Early relief provision in Quebec was the responsibility of municipally funded charities.

Question 64

The 1871 census recorded Quebec as being 97 per cent Roman Catholic.

Question 65

In the nineteenth century in Quebec, hospitals and hospices were also providers of care for the poor and were organized along religious lines.

Question 66

Charity work in Quebec in the 1800s was primarily the domain of French-speaking middle-class and wealthy women.

Question 67

Charity work in Quebec in the 1800s was primarily the domain of English-speaking middle-class and wealthy women.

Question 68

In 1866, under the Quebec Civil Code, married women held the same legal status as minors and those whose civil rights were taken away on the grounds of mental disability.

Question 69

The Public Charities Act of Quebec was the first social assistance legislation to mandate that the government had to intervene to help those in need.

Question 70

Indoor relief refers to the material assistance given to individuals and families in their own homes.

Question 71

Those who were chronically ill were seen as undeserving of public assistance.

Question 72

Charity Organization Societies had their origins in London, England.

Question 73

Mary Richmond asserted that focusing on individual-level problems was the only way to address societal issues.

Question 74

Social casework consisted of collecting statistics about community conditions for comparison to conditions in other communities.

Question 75

Detailed data regarding an individual's environment, including family and other factors outside the family, were called "social evidence."

Question 76

The primary goal of Charitable Organization Societies was to bring educated, middle-class youth and members of the charitable gentry to live among poor, urban populations.

Question 77

Settlement Houses saw dysfunctional families as the root cause of poverty within a well-functioning society.

Question 78

Jane Addams believed that societal problems at the turn of the twentieth century were due to urbanization, industrialization, and the gap between those on one end of the spectrum and those on the other.

Question 79

The first settlement house for Black Canadians opened in 1901.

Question 80

Organized religion has had a profound impact on the development of social work in Canada.