Deck 8: Sentencing

Question 1

Which of the following is not a reason that most states still retain some form of indeterminate sentencing?

A) Inertia.
B) Efficiency.
C) Lower cost.
D)

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Along with good time credits, ______________ is used to determine a release date in a determinate sentencing scheme.

A) Potential sentence.
B) Sentence imposed.
C) Sentence range.
D) Sentence recommendation.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In capital cases, juries must consider ________________ when determining sentencing.

A) Aggravating circumstances.
B) Mitigating circumstances.
C) Both a and b.
D) Neither a nor b.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Shock incarceration is designed to be a ______________.

A) Rehabilitation.
B) Retribution.
C) Specific deterrence.
D) Community sanction.

Question 5

Which of the following relies heavily on the imposition of economic sanctions?

A) Federal Computer Crime Act.
B) Organized Crime Control Act.
C) Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.
D) Omnibus Communications Act.

Question 6

Which of the following is considered an economic sanction?

A) Fines.
B) Property forfeiture.
C) Community service.
D) Both a and b.
E) None of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a category of felony offense sanctions?

A) Local jail time.
B) Probation.
C) Economic sanctions.
D) Capital punishment.

Question 8

What is the purpose of community-based sanctions?

A) Generate public funds.
B) Complete community projects.
C) Make an example of the offender.
D) Provide treatment and structure.

Question 9

Which of the following are not criminal sentences?

A) Monetary damages and equitable relief.
B) Probation.
C) Incarceration.
D) Fines and community service.

Question 10

What type of probation involves a newly convicted offender reporting to a probation officer?

A) Active probation.
B) Informal probation.
C) Summary probation.
D) Structured probation.

Question 11

What is the primary stipulation of summary probation?

A) Reporting to a probation officer.
B) Abiding by court-imposed conditions.
C) That no future violations occur.
D) Completion of community service.

Question 12

Who determines a range of sanctions for each criminal offense?

A) Judge.
B) Jury.
C) Probation officer.
D) Legislature.

Question 13

In most instances who is responsible for selecting an appropriate sentence for a specific offender?

A) Police officers.
B) Probation officers.
C) Judge.
D) Prosecuting attorney.

Question 14

Which state currently has the largest death row population?

A) California.
B) Virginia.
C) Pennsylvania.
D) Texas.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a goal of structured sentencing?

A) Give policy makers control over sentencing policies.
B) Decrease cost and increase efficiency.
C) Promote the development of community corrections alternatives.
D) Eliminate racial, gender, and geographic disparities in sentencing.

Question 16

Which of the following is not an indication of increasing punitiveness in sentencing?

A) Truth in sentencing.
B) Introduction of mandatory minimum sentences.
C) Passage of new laws criminalizing previously unregulated acts.
D) Expansion of habitual offender laws.

Question 17

The role that prosecutors and defense attorneys play in the sentencing process is most visible through

A) Sentencing recommendations.
B) Opening statements.
C) Closing statements.
D) Plea bargaining.

Question 18

Which sentencing scheme considers only the defendant's charged crime and criminal history in determining a sentence?

A) Indeterminate sentencing.
B) Determinate sentencing.
C) Structured sentencing.
D) Mandatory sentencing.

Question 19

What is the primary problem associated with fines?

A) They are often given to those who are not guilty of crimes.
B) They fall hardest on those in low economic brackets.
C) They are utilized for inappropriate purposes.
D) They are not significant enough to serve as an effective deterrent.

Question 20

What is the maximum amount of jail time that may be allowed for a petty misdemeanor?

A) None.
B) 3 months.
C) 6 months.
D) 1 year.

Question 21

The lex talionis is represented in the sentencing philosophy of retribution.

Question 22

One of the pioneers of the rehabilitation movement in corrections in the United States was Zebulon Brockway.

Question 23

Specific deterrence proposes that we punish an individual for the benefit of society.

Question 24

Petty misdemeanors may also be known as infractions.

Question 25

The terms of probation are determined by legislatures.

Question 26

A fine imposed based on the offender's ability to pay is known as restitution.

Question 27

The most recent figures available show that nationwide there are about 757,000 people on probation.

Question 28

The 1972 Supreme Court case that struck down the death penalty as it was then being imposed was Furman v. Georgia.

Question 29

Determinate sentences can be reduced through accumulation of good time credits.

Question 30

The state that pioneered sentencing guidelines was Colorado.

Question 31

Discuss the decision of whether to allow multiple sentences to run concurrently or consecutively. What are the advantages and disadvantages to each? What circumstances should be taken into account in making this decision? Should judges be given so much discretion in making this decision? Explain your reasoning.

Question 32

Describe the factors that have an influence on criminal sentencing and the specific role that each one plays in sentence determination.

Question 33

Discuss the prosecutor's decision to charge a defendant with a crime, the tactics that may be employed, and the impact that this may have on the sentencing process. Should prosecutors be given such broad discretion in this process? Explain your reasoning.

Question 34

Discuss the reasons that indeterminate sentencing may be utilized and why it is often the dominate form of sentencing in a state. Is determinate or indeterminate sentencing the best approach for bringing about justice? Why? Be specific and give examples.

Question 35

Discuss the various reasons given for why women are underrepresented in the offender population. Which, if any, is/are correct? Explain your reasoning.

Question 36

Charging the defendant with as many different offenses or counts of an offense as possible.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 37

Stresses individualization and rehabilitation and specifies a minimum and maximum sentence for an offender's crime.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 38

Reinstated the use of capital punishment.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 39

Allows judges to require offenders to serve all or a large part of one sentence before beginning the next sentence.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 40

Idea that the criminal justice system is more likely to sanction men than women.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 41

Charging the defendant with a more serious crime than the evidence may be able to support at trial.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 42

Allows several charges to be served at the same time.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 43

Provides for a specific amount of time to be served by a convicted offender.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 44

Contributes toward an earlier release date in a determinate sentencing scheme.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging

Question 45

Held that the death penalty gave too much discretion to sentencing juries and was arbitrary and capricious.

A) Chivalry hypothesis
B) Good time credit
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Determinate sentences
E) Consecutive sentences
F) Horizontal overcharging
G) Furman v. Georgia
H) Concurrent sentences
I) Indeterminate sentences
J) Vertical overcharging