Deck 16: Exploring the Foundations of Nursing: History, Philosophy, and Competencies

Question 1

Who was responsible for establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service?

A) Dorothea Dix
B) Clara Barton
C) Lillian Wald
D) Mary Breckenridge
E) Florence Nightingale

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Who was responsible for the establishment of the Henry Street Settlement?

A) Dorothea Dix
B) Clara Barton
C) Lillian Wald
D) Mary Breckenridge
E) Florence Nightingale

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011), specifically recommended which of the following changes?

A) Less interdisciplinary education
B) Decreasing barriers to nursing scope of practice
C) Maintaining the current educational level of nurses
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Nurse of the Future: Nursing Core Competencies was developed in response to which of the following goals?

A) Creation of a seamless progression through all levels of nursing education
B) Development of a consensus on required competencies
C) Decreasing barriers to the nursing scope of practice
D) Creation of a seamless progression through all levels of nursing education and development of a consensus on required competencies
E) Creation of a seamless progression through all levels of nursing education and decreasing barriers to the nursing scope of practice

Question 5

When did formal nursing begin in the United States?

A) 1906
B) 1915
C) 1862
D) 1886

Question 6

The central concepts of the discipline of nursing include which of the following?

A) Person
B) Environment
C) Health
D) Nursing
E) All of these are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following are levels of abstraction that categorize theoretical works in nursing?

A) Philosophies
B) Conceptual models
C) Theories
D) All of these are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of nursing philosophies?

A) Nightingale's environmental theory
B) Philosophy and science of caring
C) Johnson's Behavioral System Model in Nursing Practice
D) Philosophy and science of caring and Johnson's Behavioral System Model in Nursing Practice
E) Nightingale's environmental theory and Philosophy and Science of Caring

Question 9

As a student nurse implementing Roy's model in practice, your nursing interventions would focus on which of the following?

A) Supplementation of self-care requisites
B) Manipulation of stimuli to foster successful adaptation
C) Promotion of symphonic interaction between human and environmental fields
D) Use of true presence to facilitate the becoming of the participant
E) Therapeutic, interpersonal process between the nurse and the patient

Question 10

As a student, you find that your philosophy of nursing is congruent with that proposed by Watson. Thus, you consider the concept of nursing to be best represented by which of the following?

A) Reciprocal transpersonal relationship in caring moments guided by carative factors
B) Manipulation of stimuli to foster successful adaptation
C) A process of human interaction to help patients achieve their goals
D) Use of true presence to facilitate the becoming of the participant
E) Management of the environment to implement natural laws of health

Question 11

__________ set forth the general meaning of nursing through reasoning and the logical presentation of ideas.

A) Disciplines
B) Rules
C) Philosophies
D) Guidelines

Question 12

__________ indicate what we value and also can have a faith component.

A) Beliefs
B) Values
C) Philosophies
D) Worldviews

Question 13

The process of valuing involves:

A) choosing values.
B) prizing values.
C) acting on values.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 14

The definition of nursing includes several fundamental aspects, which include:

A) attention to the full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness.
B) integration of objective data with an understanding of the subjective experience of the patient.
C) application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment.
D) provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 15

The process of developing a personal philosophy of nursing involves asking which of the following questions?

A) Why does nursing exist?
B) How are the domains of nursing connected?
C) What are my underlying beliefs about nursing?
D) All of these are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best reflects the concept of realism?

A) Seeing is believing.
B) There is more than meets the eye.
C) The social world is created.
D) None of these is correct.

Question 17

Six competencies for nurses were identified during the __________ project.

A) IOM
B) Quality and Safety for Nurses
C) Nurse of the Future
D) KSA

Question 18

Which of the following core competencies from Nurse of the Future: Nursing Core Competencies includes the use of data to monitor outcomes?

A) Quality improvement
B) Safety
C) Informatics and technology
D) Systems-based practice

Question 19

The __________ is used by nurses to improve their critical thinking skills.

A) Nursing thought tool
B) NurseThink tool
C) Nursing process
D) Nursing assessment

Question 20

Which part of the nursing process involves asking questions of what is happening or what can happen?

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Implementation

Question 21

Which of Benner's stages of clinical nurse development is characterized by the ability to analyze problems and prioritize?

A) Novice
B) Advanced Beginner
C) Competent
D) Proficient
E) Expert

Question 22

The process of acquiring the knowledge, skills, and sense of identity that are characteristic of the nursing profession is known as:

A) formation.
B) socialization.
C) implementation.
D) characterization.

Question 23

Respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals is known as:

A) ethics.
B) human dignity.
C) esteem.
D) reverence.

Question 24

__________ describes the perceived disconnect between education and practice.

A) Practice shock
B) Role shock
C) Role discrepancy
D) Practice discrepancy

Question 25

Which of the following are ways to participate in professional networking?

A) Joining your professional organization
B) Speaking at organizational functions
C) Working on committees within the organization
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 26

As a student nurse on the medical unit, a nurse tells you that "as a registered nurse, you will always have a job." You recognize that this is:

A) true, because the shortage of nurses is projected to continue.
B) a common myth/misconception believed by many nurses.
C) true, because of global aging and the increased need for nurses to care for the elderly.
D) true, because the shortage of nurses is projected to continue and because of global aging and the increased need for nurses to care for the elderly.

Question 27

Characteristics of a career include:

A) lifelong learning.
B) expectations of reasonable work.
C) believing that your responsibility ends with your shift.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 28

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2015, a majority of nurses worked in:

A) specialty hospitals.
B) outpatient care centers.
C) general medical surgical hospitals.
D) skilled nursing care facilities.

Question 29

Which of the following nursing careers involves working in academic settings and helping students deepen their knowledge of safe nursing practices?

A) Nurse researcher
B) Nurse educator
C) Clinical nurse leader
D) Expert clinician

Question 30

Which of the following is acute and may present itself as over-involvement in patient care?

A) Burnout
B) Compassion fatigue
C) Patient fatigue
D) Stress impact

Question 31

Which of the following is the most significant contributing factor to a decrease in disease prevention?

A) Poverty
B) Minority status
C) Lack of health insurance
D) Living in a rural area

Question 32

A student nurse wants to promote the real image of nursing, so she:

A) educates the public on what nurses do.
B) does not suppress her enthusiasm.
C) shares patient information.
D) educates the public on what nurses do and does not suppress her enthusiasm.
E) educates the public on what nurses do and shares patient information.

Question 33

A student nurse is admitting a patient to the medical unit. Which of the following should the student tell the patient about what to expect during their hospital stay?

A) A clean, safe environment
B) Protection of privacy
C) Information regarding filing insurance claims
D) None of these is correct.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 34

Which of the following is a societal trend that impacts professional nursing?

A) Violence
B) Global aging
C) Technologic advances
D) Violence and global aging
E) Violence, global aging, and technologic advances

Question 35

Which of the following alternative therapies is classified as a mind-body intervention?

A) Meditation
B) Prayer
C) Patient support groups
D) All of these are correct.

Question 36

Which of the following alternative therapies is classified as an energy therapy?

A) Therapeutic touch
B) Massage
C) Magnetic therapy
D) Therapeutic touch and magnetic therapy
E) Therapeutic touch and massage

Question 37

Both the Affordable Care Act of 2010 and Healthy People 2020 included objectives to account for:

A) violence.
B) global aging.
C) bullying.
D) consumerism.

Question 38

Religious changes during the Renaissance period had a greater impact on nursing than any other aspect of society.

Question 39

The Goldmark Report advocated the establishment of university schools to train nursing leaders.

Question 40

Many of Florence Nightingale's nursing principles are still relevant today.

Question 41

Existential beliefs can be shown to be true or false.

Question 42

Evaluative beliefs refer to what people should or should not do.

Question 43

Critical thinking does not involve creative thinking.

Question 44

Critical thinking and clinical judgment are opposing terms.

Question 45

Socialization of nurses can occur though education.

Question 46

A nurse who is at the competent stage does not have the experience to adjust or adapt rules to a situation.

Question 47

The mentor-mentee relationship usually is not a long-term relationship.

Question 48

Advancing your nursing career often means returning to school.

Question 49

The number of men in nursing is projected to increase.

Question 50

The beginning of cultural competence is self-awareness.

Question 51

Which of the following conditions in Great Britain was revealed by The Chadwick Report?

A) Shortened life span of the working class
B) Effects of school-based education on the masses
C) Effects of public health interventions in prevention of disease
D) All of these are correct.

Question 52

Which epidemic plagued the world during the Middle Ages?

A) Black Death
B) Influenza
C) Tuberculosis
D) Cholera

Question 53

In which nursing system do both the nurse and patient perform self-care activities for the patient?

A) Wholly compensatory system
B) Partially compensatory system
C) Supportive-education system
D) Partially supportive-education system

Question 54

Which of the following statements best reflects the concept of idealism?

A) The world is static.
B) The world is evolving.
C) Reality is physical and independent.
D) Logical thinking is superior.

Question 55

Group discussions enhance critical thinking skills by:

A) exploring alternatives.
B) visually arranging ideas.
C) problem solving systematically.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 56

Approaches to developing critical thinking skills include:

A) the nursing process.
B) concept mapping.
C) journaling.
D) group discussions.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 57

"The development of perceptual abilities, ability to draw on knowledge and skilled know-how, and a way of being and acting in practice and in the world" is known as what process?

A) Socialization
B) Formation
C) Education
D) Interdependence
E) Independence

Question 58

The IOM report, The Future of Nursing, recommends __________ to assist in increasing the readiness and retention of nurses.

A) obtaining a master's degree
B) additional certification
C) mentoring
D) shadowing

Question 59

Becoming __________ is a strategy to improve healthcare quality and eliminate racial, ethnic, and gender disparities.

A) financially stable
B) culturally competent
C) bilingual
D) more educated

Question 60

Which report defined patient safety as freedom from accidental injury?

A) Massachusetts Department of Higher Education
B) Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
C) To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System
D) Nurse of the Future: Nursing Core Competencies

Question 61

Adverse events that are serious and largely preventable are known as:

A) never events.
B) sentinel events.
C) management events.
D) criminal events.

Question 62

The use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and the use of improvement methods to improve the quality and safety of health care is known as:

A) quality assurance.
B) outcome management.
C) quality improvement.
D) healthcare management.

Question 63

As a student nurse you are committed to basing your practice on evidence. The highest level of evidence is produced using which of the following methods?

A) Individual quasi-experimental studies
B) Individual experimental studies
C) Meta-analysis of multiple studies
D) A series of nonexperimental studies
E) Program evaluation

Question 64

Which of the following is involved in evidence-based nursing practice?

A) Patient preferences
B) Clinical situation
C) Expertise of the clinician
D) All of these are correct.

Question 65

You are a nurse caring for an elderly female patient in a medical-surgical inpatient unit. The patient is suffering from postsurgical pain. As you evaluate her response to the standard care provided, you wonder about the effectiveness of alternate interventions. When you frame your question as a PICO question, the intervention would be:

A) the standard treatment.
B) the alternative treatment.
C) the outcome.
D) the population.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 66

Grading the strength of a body of evidence should incorporate which of the following three domains?

A) Quality
B) Quantity
C) Consistency
D) All of these are correct.

Question 67

Which of the following is a model of evidence-based practice used in nursing known as PET?

A) ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation
B) Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice
C) Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model
D) Quality Practice Evidence Translation Model for Nursing
E) None of these is correct.

Question 68

As a student nurse you are participating in the education of a new diabetic patient. The plan for today includes teaching the patient to accurately draw up insulin into the syringe. The domain(s) of learning specifically targeted in the educational process today include which of the following?

A) Cognitive
B) Psychomotor
C) Affective
D) Cognitive and psychomotor
E) Psychomotor and affective

Question 69

Issues that need to be considered when using the andragogic model include:

A) letting learners know why something is important.
B) showing learners how to direct themselves through information.
C) relating the topic to learners' experiences.
D) knowing that people will not learn until they are ready.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 70

A student nurse is participating in the patient education process with a young mother. The student nurse assesses that the young mother's perception of self-efficacy is not at a level compatible with success. In an effort to enhance the patient's self-efficacy, the student nurse may find it helpful to do which of the following?

A) Plan for performance accomplishments.
B) Remind the patient of past failures.
C) Analyze past failures to determine fault.
D) Remind the patient of past failures and analyze past failures to determine fault.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 71

As a student nurse you know that according to the Health Belief Model, the likelihood of a person acting in response to a health threat is dependent on which of the following factors?

A) The person's perception of the severity of the illness
B) The person's perception of the susceptibility to the illness
C) The value of treatment benefits
D) The barriers to treatment
E) All of these are correct.

Question 72

During a patient education session, you notice that your middle-aged patient hands all of the written materials to his spouse. You also notice that some of the forms in his medical record are incomplete. These may be cues that the patient:

A) is not be ready to learn.
B) has low self-efficacy.
C) has low health literacy skills.
D) does not understand the severity of his illness.
E) has had all of his learning needs met.

Question 73

For class you are assigned the evaluation of a healthcare website. As you ask yourself, "What are the goals of the site and what biases are present?," which of the categories for evaluation of a web resource are you evaluating?

A) Accuracy
B) Authority
C) Objectivity
D) Currency
E) Usability

Question 74

Types of information systems commonly found in healthcare organizations include:

A) admission, discharge, and transfer.
B) financial systems.
C) order entry.
D) clinical documentation.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 75

Areas addressed by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) include:

A) simplifying healthcare claims.
B) developing standards for data transmission.
C) implementing privacy regulations.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 76

Which of the following reflects the goal of nursing informatics (NI) according to the American Nurses Association?

A) To improve the health of populations, communities, families, and individuals
B) To optimize information management and communication
C) To decrease the cost of health care
D) To decrease the cost of health care and to optimize information management and communication
E) To improve the health of populations, communities, families, and individuals and to optimize information management and communication

Question 77

The American Nurses Association (ANA) has adopted the Principles for Social Networking, which include which of the following statements?

A) Nurses must observe ethically prescribed professional patient-nurse boundaries.
B) Nurses must not transmit or place online individually identifiable patient information.
C) Nurses should understand that patients, colleagues, institutions, and employers should not view personal postings.
D) Nurses must not transmit or place online individually identifiable patient information, and nurses should understand that patients, colleagues, institutions, and employers should not view personal postings.
E) Nurses must observe ethically prescribed professional patient-nurse boundaries, and nurses must not transmit or place online individually identifiable patient information.

Question 78

What significant change in the healthcare setting has affected delivery of care?

A) Patients are staying in the hospital for a longer amount of time.
B) Patients are more technologically advanced and can look up their care plans/treatment options.
C) Patients are staying in the hospital for a lot less time.
D) Nurses are cross-training in different environments.

Question 79

If an RN and LPN partner up to deliver care in a busy acute care environment, this is known as:

A) complex patient care.
B) collaborative care.
C) team nursing.
D) shared responsibility.

Question 80

Which of the following represents the lowest level of collaboration?

A) Coordination
B) Consultation
C) Co-management
D) Communication