Deck 12: Socioemotional and Behavioral Problems During Adolescence

Question 1

Since the emergence of vaping, cigarette smoking has ______.

A) decreased
B) also increased
C) remained stable
D) diminished completely

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A gateway drug means that it ______.

A) is used in conjunction with other illicit substances
B) precedes the use of other illicit substances
C) is used after other illicit substances
D) allows more dopamine to be released

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which individual is demonstrating the use of a gateway drug?

A) Katie is experimenting with alcohol.
B) Louis wants to learn to expand his mind.
C) Tucker watches his mother for her drinking habits.
D) Tracy is learning about dopamine in the body.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Oliver has been hanging out with his friends most weekends. Some of them have been vaping lately. Oliver's uncle smokes cigarettes and he has always hated the smell of them. He doesn't seem to mind the vaping because it is either without scent or nicely scented. He decides to go ahead and try vaping with his friends. Oliver would be considered to be experimenting with ______.

A) conduct disorder
B) dopamine
C) a gateway drug
D) index offenses

Question 5

Which is considered an externalized problem as a negative consequence of substance use?

A) depression
B) anxiety
C) suicide ideation
D) delinquency

Question 6

Heavy consumption of alcohol is associated with ______.

A) reduced frontal cortex response
B) bioecological systems
C) increase in neurogenesis
D) secure attachment

Question 7

The strong dose-response relationship for alcohol states that the greater the consumption of alcohol predicts ______.

A) decreased status offenses
B) decreased brain volume
C) increased visuospatial ability
D) increased plasticity

Question 8

What is the impact of regular cannabis use on neurocognition?

A) Regular cannabis use is associated with neurocognitive increases such as attention and processing speed.
B) Regular cannabis use is associated with neurocognitive increases such as brain plasticity and neurogenesis.
C) Regular cannabis use is associated with neurocognitive deficits such as attention and processing speed.
D) Regular cannabis use is associated with neurocognitive deficits such as higher levels of hyperactivity and better decision-making.

Question 9

What impact can abstention from substances have on neurological function of the brain?

A) Abstention from substances has no effect on recovery of neurological function due to plasticity of the brain.
B) Abstention from substances will allow a complete recovery of neurological function due to plasticity of the brain.
C) Abstention from substances hampers recovery of neurological function due to plasticity of the brain.
D) Abstention from substances can have some recovery of neurological function due to the plasticity of the brain.

Question 10

John is slurring his words as he talks to his friends. He cannot process the information that is hitting his senses very well. When asked a question, John is having troublemaking a decision of how he should respond and what he should do. John and his friends have been drinking for a while now. This demonstrates ______.

A) reduced frontal cortex response
B) increased frontal cortex response
C) reduced neurogenesis
D) increased neurogenesis

Question 11

Valerie and her friends have been drinking heavily all evening. They have been stumbling and laughing excessively. Valerie has no idea where she is or what she is saying. She tried to answer a question but could not. She is having issues processing any information at all right now. This demonstrates ______.

A) increased frontal cortex response
B) reduced frontal cortex response
C) increased gray matter volumes
D) reduced secure attachment

Question 12

Substance use disorders are likely ______.

A) storm and stress related
B) autonomous
C) epigenetic
D) due to temperament

Question 13

Which individual demonstrates the most risk for alcohol dependence throughout their lifetime?

A) Kumar started drinking when he graduated high school.
B) Colleen tried drinking at a college party.
C) David began drinking in the eighth grade.
D) Jenna abstains from drinking until she is 21.

Question 14

What impact do parents play in reducing the risk of alcohol and substance abuse problems in adolescents?

A) Parents who do not have rules reduce the risk of alcohol and substance abuse problems in adolescents.
B) Parents who are uncommunicative and uninvolved reduce the risk of alcohol and substance abuse problems in adolescents.
C) Parents who are strict and harsh reduce the risk of alcohol and substance abuse problems in adolescents.
D) Parents who are warm, supportive, and involved reduce the risk of alcohol and substance abuse problems in adolescents.

Question 15

Luis' parents always ask him about his day when they sit down to family dinner. They want to make sure that they know Luis' friends and where he is when he goes out. They discuss and support his decisions as he grows into an adult. Even when he makes mistakes, Luis feels that he is supported and loved by his parents. As far as substance and alcohol abuse, Luis' parents relationship with him will ______.

A) reduce his risk
B) increase his risk
C) reduce his abstention
D) have no effect on his alcohol intake

Question 16

Carter has watched his parents have many dinner parties over the years. He watches how all the adults act and how much they drink. His father tends to drink a lot before, during, and after dinner. He gets loud and obnoxious. His mother also drinks a lot. In fact, she tends to drink every evening throughout dinner. Carter's parents have modeled behavior that will have what effect most likely for Carter?

A) acculturate alcohol
B) increase his risk of drinking
C) create a protective factor
D) increase identity exploration

Question 17

Which concept is defined as the rehashing and excessively discussing a problem, speculating about a problem, and focusing on the negative affect with a close friend?

A) acculturation
B) introspection
C) co-rumination
D) emotional regulation

Question 18

Which is defined by being chronic and a marked loss of pleasure in all or almost all activities every day or most of the days in a 2-week period along with four other symptoms, such as feelings of worthlessness, over the same time period as determined in the DSM-V?

A) conduct disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) anxiety
D) major depressive disorder

Question 19

Which scenario indicates a symptom of major depressive disorder?

A) Colin has no interest in eating and is losing weight very fast.
B) Colin is looking inward to determine who he is.
C) Colin is using a fake ID to buy alcohol.
D) Colin is harming small animals to watch their reaction.

Question 20

Which statement is true of major depressive disorder?

A) Index offenses are symptoms of depression.
B) Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day for at least 2 weeks is a symptom of depression.
C) Introspection to form identity over the course of a year is a symptom of depression.
D) Depression is caused by secure attachment to parents.

Question 21

What impact does normalizing depression symptoms as part of adolescence have on adolescents?

A) The normalization of depression symptoms allows adults to focus on the neurogenesis in the brain of adolescents.
B) The normalization of depression symptoms allows adults to increase synaptic connections for impulse control.
C) Parents, teachers, and other adults belief that depression symptoms are a part of adolescence is dangerous.
D) Parents, teachers, and other adults belief that depression symptoms are a part of adolescence reduces the number of depressed adolescents.

Question 22

Connor always loved playing video games with his friends. They played remotely and together whenever they could. For the last month, Connor hasn't been playing at all. He comes home from school and goes up to his room to sleep. In fact, his sleep has increased so much it seems that is all he does. He has been losing a lot of weight due to loss of appetite. He has been feeling worthless and cannot seem to concentrate when he is in school. Connor's parents should have him evaluated for ______.

A) conduct disorder
B) post-traumatic disorder
C) anxiety
D) major depressive disorder

Question 23

Aaliyah and her boyfriend broke up 2 months ago. This has seemed to put her into a tailspin. She and her friend, Abby, spent many days talking about the breakup and how awful it is for Aaliyah. Since the breakup, she has not been sleeping well or eating much. She feels guilt for everything that goes wrong even if she wasn't involved at all. She no longer has any energy and is very lethargic. Aaliyah is showing symptoms of ______.

A) major depressive disorder
B) conduct disorder
C) post-traumatic stress disorder
D) anxiety

Question 24

Which is defined as death caused by self-directed injuries with the intent to die?

A) suicide ideation
B) suicide
C) suicide contagion
D) nonsuicidal self-injury

Question 25

Who is more likely to report suicide ideation?

A) both boys and girls
B) boys
C) girls
D) neither boys or girls

Question 26

Which statement is true of girls who attempt suicide?

A) Girls attempt suicide through aggressive means, such as a firearm due to their gender role.
B) Girls attempt suicide as a method of gaining attention.
C) Girls tend to choose methods that are quick and irreversible.
D) Girls tend to choose methods that are slow and passive from which they are more likely to be revived.

Question 27

What inference can be made about LGBT youth and suicide?

A) LGBT youth are at higher risk for suicide due to family conflict, peer rejection, and inner conflict about their sexuality.
B) LGBT youth have a lower risk for suicide due to family conflict, peer rejection, and inner conflict about their sexuality.
C) LGBT youth have a lower risk for suicide due to their use of gateway drugs to externalize emotional problems.
D) LGBT youth are at higher risk of suicide due to the acceptance they feel from family and peers about their identity.

Question 28

Kelsie and her partner recently broke up. She was devastated by the event. Since, she has shown a lot of signs of depression. She has also stopped paying any attention to how she looks and complains of constant headaches. When she does come into contact with her former partner, she remarks that "she won't be a problem for him much longer." Her friends are very concerned, but when they talk to her she just gives them each something that she treasured. Kelsie may be at risk for ______.

A) conduct disorder
B) suicide
C) suicide contagion
D) index offenses

Question 29

Peter used to be a straight "A" student. He took a lot of pleasure from school and his friends. Lately, he has been getting "F's" and commenting to his friends how nothing matters. He has been listless and very depressed. He has started to drink a lot of alcohol which is uncharacteristic of him. He has been pushing his friends away for several weeks. Suddenly, Peter comes to school very happy. Peter may be at risk for ______.

A) conduct disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) suicide
D) introspection

Question 30

Which is defined as behavior that is self-injurious designed to cause harm but not death?

A) conduct disorder
B) suicidal ideation
C) suicide contagion
D) nonsuicidal self-injury

Question 31

Who is more likely to report self-harming behaviors, such as cutting?

A) girls
B) boys
C) both girls and boys
D) LGBT youth

Question 32

Which individual is most at risk for self-harming behaviors?

A) John has been questioning his sexuality.
B) Katya has a lot of issues understanding and expressing her emotions.
C) Tucker has a strong sense of self-efficacy.
D) Elaine has authoritative parents.

Question 33

What impact does reinforcement have on self-harming behaviors?

A) Self-harming behaviors are a protective factor for suicide contagion reinforcing the experience.
B) Self-harming behaviors provide pain to the individual decreasing the probability that they will happen again.
C) Self-harming behaviors provide a reported relief from the anxiety experience and are therefore reinforced.
D) Self-harming behaviors are not reinforced by the effect that they cause.

Question 34

Lauren has been victimized and bullied at school this year. There have been rumors spread about her in person and on social media. It has become so intense that many students yell names at her in the halls and push her into the lockers. Her family has not been much help as she and her parents do not really talk much. They seem to be too busy yelling at each other to even know that she is there. Lauren has been feeling a lot of anxiety due to all of this. One day, she pinches herself hard enough to leave a bruise and finds that it relieves some of the anxiety. Lauren is illustrating ______.

A) introspection
B) hyperactivity
C) conduct disorder
D) nonsuicidal self-injury

Question 35

Timothy's parents have been in severe conflict for the past couple of years. It has gotten so bad that he just goes straight to his room trying to block out the conflict. Most of the time, they have no idea whether he is home or not. Due to this, he has lashed out at the few friends that he had at school. Now, they don't talk to him either. He has been very depressed and distraught with his situation. He does not feel that there is anyone he can talk to about all these negative emotions that he has. One day while making himself something to eat, he picks up the knife and begins to slice into his finger. He finds that this does not hurt but instead relieves his emotions. Timothy is demonstrating ______.

A) nonsuicidal self-injury
B) suicide contagion
C) conduct disorder
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 36

Which offenses are defined as those that are illegal due to the age of the offender?

A) index
B) status
C) life-course
D) multisystemic

Question 37

Which offenses are defines as those that are illegal regardless of the age of the offender?

A) adolescence-limited
B) status
C) index
D) multisystemic

Question 38

Which disorder is defined as a persistent patterns of antisocial behavior that violates the rights of others and social norms and interfering with an individual's ability to function in normal contexts?

A) post-traumatic stress disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) anxiety
D) conduct disorder

Question 39

Which is considered to be a criterion for conduct disorder?

A) physical cruelty to animals
B) self-harm
C) suicide contagion
D) insecure attachment

Question 40

Tanner behaves in a very destructive way toward others. He often bullies his peers and initiates fights in school. He has started to break into houses just for the fun of it. He can be very manipulative when he wants, often talking people into giving things to him. He was able to talk Elise into going out on a date with him where he forced himself on her. Tanner is exhibiting some of the criteria for ______.

A) post-traumatic stress disorder
B) conduct disorder
C) suicide ideation
D) major depressive disorder

Question 41

Penny often bullies other students in school. She does so both physically and verbally. She enjoys initiating fights with both boys and girls. Her family dog is afraid of her as she has hit him several times as well. She is often truant from school and shoplifts from the local store. Penny is demonstrating criteria for ______.

A) major depressive disorder
B) anxiety
C) conduct disorder
D) suicide ideation

Question 42

Omar started staying out all night when he was just 12-years-old. After that he began leaving school midday. He enjoys destroying things and frequently sets objects on fire. Just last week, he mugged a woman walking down the street and stole her purse. Omar is illustrating criteria for ______.

A) anxiety
B) suicide ideation
C) post-traumatic stress disorder
D) conduct disorder

Question 43

Which ethnic group of adolescents are the least likely to be arrested?

A) White American
B) Latinx American
C) Asian American
D) African American

Question 44

Which scenario demonstrates adolescence-limited antisocial behavior?

A) Carter began vandalizing walls with spray paint and went on to begin robbing people into his twenties.
B) Ethan, a 20-year-old, shoplifts from his local convenience stores.
C) Eli began with status offenses and graduated to index offenses as he entered into adulthood.
D) Miguel vandalized a trash can in high school but never engaged in anything against the law after that.

Question 45

How is age related to life-course-persistent antisocial behavior?

A) Individuals who have contact with the criminal justice system before age 12 have a greater risk of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior.
B) Individuals who have no contact with the criminal justice system have a greater risk of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior.
C) Individuals who have contact after age 18 with the criminal justice system have a greater risk of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior.
D) Individuals who have contact with the criminal justice system before age 12 have a lesser risk of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior.

Question 46

Kevin has been in trouble ever since he can remember. First with his parents and then with the police starting at age 10 when he would run away and steal from local stores. He frequently vandalized people's homes and his own school. Kevin is at a greater risk for ______.

A) status offenses
B) life-course-persistent antisocial behavior
C) adolescence-limited antisocial behavior
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 47

Which is common among those who participate in delinquent activity?

A) drive for introspection
B) authoritative parents
C) drive for sensation seeking
D) protective factors

Question 48

What impact do biological factors have on life-course-persistent antisocial behavior?

A) Biological factors cause contextual factors such as family conflict which influences life-course-persistent antisocial behavior.
B) Biological factors such as impulse control are the sole cause of life-course antisocial behavior.
C) Life-course-persistent antisocial behavior is not associated with any biological factors.
D) Life-course persistent antisocial behavior is associated with factors such as self-regulation that have biological underpinnings.

Question 49

What impact does parenting type have on adolescent behavior?

A) Parenting that is warm and supportive can magnify defiant behavior in adolescents.
B) Parenting that is controlling and harsh in punishment can magnify defiant behavior in adolescents.
C) Parenting that is permissive reduces defiant behavior in adolescents.
D) Parenting that is uninvolved reduces defiant behavior in adolescents.

Question 50

Kumar has always been driven to seek out dangerous activities. He enjoyed climbing to the tops of trees and jumping off them when he was very small. He would seek out more dangerous activities as he became older. Kumar lives with just his dad in a lower socioeconomic community. There isn't much to do in his neighborhood so he gets into a lot of trouble. This trouble just increases his father's rage and aggression towards him. Kumar has risk factors for ______.

A) life-course-persistent antisocial behavior
B) adolescence-limited antisocial behavior
C) suicide ideation
D) suicide contagion

Question 51

Which is the most successful intervention for delinquency that targets several bioecological systems?

A) positive youth development
B) multisystemic therapy
C) storm and stress
D) acculturation

Question 52

Which scenario is an intervention at the family level to buffer adolescents at risk for delinquency?

A) Kayla's parents have received training in better ways to communicate with her.
B) Kayla is learning about her own emotions.
C) Kayla is resisting peer pressure.
D) Kayla's school is improving teacher-student communication.

Question 53

Miguel is involved in an approach that is widely successful buffering the risks for delinquent behavior among adolescents. He has been learning about how to regulate his own emotions while his parents have been getting help with their parenting skills. They are much more involved and monitoring his whereabouts a lot more lately. His school has engaged in job training and vocational programs while opening up a lot more communication to his parents. This illustrates which approach?

A) acculturation
B) storm and stress
C) multisystemic therapy
D) autonomous

Question 54

Which statement is true about risk factors?

A) Risk factors are individual and contextual variables that are associated with a higher likelihood of a positive outcome.
B) Risk factors are contextual variables that are associated with a higher likelihood of a positive outcome.
C) Risk factors are individual variables only that are associated with a higher likelihood of a negative outcome.
D) Risk factors are individual and contextual variables associated with a higher likelihood of a negative outcome.

Question 55

Which concept is defined as reducing adolescents from poor outcomes associated with adverse circumstances?

A) protective factors
B) risk factors
C) introspection
D) autonomy

Question 56

What impact does the number of risk factors have on adolescents?

A) Risk factors are decremental, meaning the more they have, the easier the adjustment.
B) Risk factors are cumulative, meaning the more they have, the harder the adjustment.
C) Risk factors are individual, meaning the less they have, the harder the adjustment.
D) Risk factors are simultaneous, meaning the less they have, the more difficult the adjustment.

Question 57

Which concept is defined as the ability to respond or perform positively to adversity, to achieve despite disadvantages, or to exceed expectations given poor circumstances?

A) rumination
B) temperament
C) resilience
D) neurogenesis

Question 58

Characteristics of resilience are divided into three competencies for adolescents, including home, school and community, and ______.

A) explorative
B) multisystemic
C) bioecological
D) individual

Question 59

In resilient adaptation, protective factors aid adolescents buffer the effects of ______.

A) risk factors
B) identity exploration
C) storm and stress
D) index offenses

Question 60

Which individual is demonstrating an individual competency that is a characteristic of resiliency?

A) Susan has a difficult temperament.
B) Jada is involved in an afterschool program.
C) Layken has uninvolved parents.
D) Danielle has a strong sense of self-efficacy.

Question 61

What is the impact of school in an adolescent's development of resiliency?

A) Disengagement in school is a protective factor that promotes adjustment and resiliency.
B) Active engagement at school is a protective factor that promotes adjustment and resiliency.
C) Disengagement in school aids in the development of adolescent resiliency.
D) Active engagement in school decreases an adolescent's development of resiliency.

Question 62

Charlotte and her family are very close. They support one another with whatever they try and do. Her parents both graduated from college and have good jobs. While they are supportive, they also make sure that Charlotte knows the rules and the limits of the household. Her parents also monitor her friends and her whereabouts. Which competency of resilience do these characteristics represent?

A) individual
B) community
C) family
D) school

Question 63

Isaac is a very easygoing person. He is generally nice to everyone and takes most things with ease. He knows what his abilities are and how to work hard to get what he wants. Even when he is angry, he controls his reactions so that he can process his emotions properly in a positive manner. He does not lash out at people or act impulsively. Isaac demonstrates ______.

A) individual characteristics of resiliency
B) community characteristics of resiliency
C) risk factors for resiliency
D) neurocognitive deficits for resiliency

Question 64

A town council has made several recommendations after ascertaining the well-being of their inhabitants, especially the adolescents. They are recommending that more mentoring programs be implemented to help adolescents and adults connect in a positive manner. They are also recommending that the school district start some programs to help with self-management skills. The council is also asking the state for more money for their school district so that they can fund more programs and hire highly qualified teachers. These recommendations represent ______.

A) individual characteristics for resiliency
B) community characteristics for resiliency
C) introspective characteristics for resiliency
D) autonomous characteristics for resiliency

Question 65

Jamal has been a part of a mentoring program in his community that encourages job shadowing with many different adults and careers. He has developed an interest in restaurant management after learning more about it with Mr. Hernandez. In fact, they have become quite close. Jamal has also been able to develop a much more positive outlook on his life and realize that he controls his own destiny. When he talks to his mother about his plans, she is supportive and encouraging. Jamal has strengthened his ______.

A) rumination
B) risk
C) resiliency
D) acculturation

Question 66

Which concept refers to an approach that seeks to discover and promote positive qualities to aid adolescents' ability to adapt and interact in their contexts?

A) multisystemic
B) storm and stress
C) authoritarian
D) positive youth development

Question 67

Which individual is demonstrating an individual developmental asset of a positive youth development approach?

A) Manuel is engaged in his school environment.
B) Kumar's parents lack parental monitoring skills.
C) Elizabeth has a lot of community resources.
D) Hannah impulsively shoplifts after school.

Question 68

What impact has been seen with substance use in adolescents with a positive youth development approach?

A) Adolescent substance use has increased with positive youth development interventions.
B) Adolescent substance use has decreased with positive youth development interventions.
C) Positive youth development interventions have no association with adolescent substance use.
D) Positive youth development interventions have increased some use of substances while decreasing others.

Question 69

Nora's school has implemented a new school program which will be embedded in every class. They want to focus on helping students to improve their achievement motivation, become engaged, and learn conflict resolution skills. They, further, want to include the parents and the community in this endeavor to increase parents' involvement in school and bring in more community resources. This school is most likely using a(n) ______.

A) introspective approach
B) storm and stress approach
C) positive youth development approach
D) multisystemic therapy approach

Question 70

Paul has been learning about more community resources and out-of-school programs in his community. There was an assembly held at school to get the students involved in their neighborhoods and to mentor younger children. In addition to this, the school is adding on to their health classes to teach students more about interpersonal competence and planning and decision-making competence. Paul's school is most likely demonstrating a(n) ______.

A) identity exploration approach
B) autonomous approach
C) storm and stress approach
D) positive youth development approach

Question 71

Marijuana is considered a gateway drug as it is typically one of the first addictive substances that adolescents try.

Question 72

No amount of experimentation with substance use is positively associated with psychosocial health, well-being, and adjustment.

Question 73

Adolescents view negative consequences of substance use differently than adults do.

Question 74

An adolescent who abstains from alcohol until they are 21 has a greater chance of alcohol dependence than those adolescents who experiment during their teen years.

Question 75

While many adolescents feel sad, major depressive disorder shows symptoms for several months even years.

Question 76

Boys report depressive symptoms at a rate of twice that of girls.

Question 77

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents and emerging adults.

Question 78

An example of self-harming behavior is burning.

Question 79

An example of one of the criteria for conduct disorder is being truant from school before the age of 13.

Question 80

In viewing ethnic differences in arrests, White youth are the least likely to be arrested.