Deck 2: The Brain and Nervous System

Question 1

The cerebellum, pons, and medulla are all subdivisions of the:

A)reticular formation
B)hindbrain
C)spinal cord
D)cerebral cortex

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One of the three main bulges or zones of expansion in a vertebrate brain is the:

A)cerebellum
B)pons
C)forebrain
D)cerebral cortex

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The pons is _____ to the medulla but _____ to the midbrain.

A)superior; inferior
B)anterior; posterior
C)medial; lateral
D)proximal; distal

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The anatomical word for "toward the tail end" is:

A)rostral
B)caudal
C)dorsal
D)ventral

Question 5

The frontal lobe is _____ to the occipital lobe

A)rostral
B)caudal
C)dorsal
D)ventral

Question 6

To view the top and bottom of a structure running inferior to superior requires a _____ slice.

A)axial
B)transverse
C)coronal
D)sagittal

Question 7

Electrical activity in the motor neuron causes a release of signaling chemicals called:

A)hormones
B)neurotoxins
C)messenger proteins
D)neurotransmitters

Question 8

The lumbar spine is between the:

A)pons and medulla
B)cerebellum and brain stem
C)neck and cervical spine
D)rib cage and pelvis

Question 9

The body's "rest-and-regenerate" mode is called the _____ mode.

A)sympathetic
B)reflexive
C)parasympathetic
D)somatic

Question 10

The neurons in the dorsal layers of spinal cord gray matter are mostly _____ neurons.

A)sensory
B)motor
C)output
D)dorsal

Question 11

The midbrain's local inputs and outputs come mostly from the:

A)ears
B)eyes
C)nose
D)skin

Question 12

Humans have _____ pairs of cranial nerves.

A)6
B)24
C)32
D)12

Question 13

The neurotransmitter _____ has diverse functions in mood, sleep, and social behavior.

A)serotonin
B)norepinephrine
C)acetylcholine
D)dopamine

Question 14

Damage to the _____ cranial nerve would affect our sense of smell.

A)optic
B)olfactory
C)trigeminal
D)oculomotor

Question 15

The gray matter of the cerebellum is densely packed into leaflike structures called:

A)dendrites
B)folia
C)axons
D)Purkinje cells

Question 16

A disruption in circadian rhythms may be caused by damage to the:

A)amygdala
B)lateral geniculate nucleus
C)hippocampus
D)hypothalamus

Question 17

The _____ relays information from the retina to the primary visual cortex.

A)red nucleus
B)medial geniculate nucleus
C)lateral geniculate nucleus
D)hypothalamus

Question 18

Attention, awareness, and consciousness all critically depend on the information-conveying capacity of the:

A)thalamus
B)hippocampus
C)parietal lobe
D)forebrain

Question 19

The central sulcus separates the _____ and _____ lobes.

A)frontal, parietal
B)temporal, occipital
C)frontal, occipital
D)parietal, temporal

Question 20

The long strip of areas that controls movements of individual body parts is the:

A)prefrontal cortex
B)primary motor cortex
C)orbitofrontal cortex
D)primary somatosensory cortex

Question 21

The _____ represents the state of the internal organs and registers internal bodily states like pain, fatigue, hunger, and sexual arousal.

A)amygdala
B)insula
C)hippocampus
D)medulla oblongata

Question 22

The _____ system is central to motivation and emotion.

A)endocrine
B)decision-making
C)limbic
D)affective

Question 23

Beyond simple spinal reflexes, _____ allow for more complex, coordinated movements such as locomotion.

A)sensory neurons
B)myotomes
C)motor neurons
D)central pattern generators

Question 24

Two functions of the sympathetic nervous system are:

A)fight and flight
B)sleep and wake
C)rest and recover
D)eat and digest

Question 25

The long, thin extension of the brain that runs along the body axis is the:

A)esophagus"
B)medulla oblongata"
C)spinal cord"
D)brainstem"

Question 26

Longitudinal transmission of information is a key feature of _____ symmetric organisms.

A)distally"
B)bilaterally"
C)vertically"
D)radially"

Question 27

Developing vertebrate brains contain three main divisions: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and the _____.

A)forebrain"
B)rhombencephalon"
C)telencephalon"
D)diencephalon"

Question 28

The three fundamental bulges of the brain are clearly visible in a developing embryo at about:

A)4 months"
B)4 days"
C)4 weeks"
D)4 hours"

Question 29

The metencephalon is subdivided into the pons and the:

A)midbrain"
B)cerebellum"
C)medulla"
D)hypothalamus"

Question 30

The vertebrate forebrain subdivides into the telencephalon and the:

A)brainstem"
B)myelencephalon"
C)diencephalon"
D)metencephalon"

Question 31

The thalamus and hypothalamus are both subdivisions of the:

A)peripheral nervous system"
B)cerebellum"
C)brainstem"
D)diencephalon"

Question 32

The vertebrate hindbrain subdivides into the myelencephalon and the:

A)brainstem"
B)metencephalon"
C)telencephalon"
D)diencephalon"

Question 33

The vertebrate hindbrain subdivides into the metencephalon and the:

A)diencephalon"
B)brainstem"
C)telencephalon"
D)myelencephalon"

Question 34

The spinal cord has input and output connections to the rest of the body via the _____ nervous system.

A)sympathetic"
B)central"
C)lateral"
D)peripheral"

Question 35

The cerebral cortex is a subdivision of the:

A)diencephalon"
B)hindbrain"
C)telencephalon"
D)peripheral nervous system"

Question 36

The basal ganglia are a subdivision of the:

A)diencephalon"
B)peripheral nervous system"
C)hindbrain"
D)telencephalon"

Question 37

The cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia, and basal forebrain nuclei are all subdivisions of the:

A)mesencephalon"
B)hindbrain"
C)diencephalon"
D)telencephalon"

Question 38

The diencephalon is divided into the:

A)thalamus and pons"
B)basal ganglia and hippocampus"
C)pons and medulla"
D)thalamus and hypothalamus"

Question 39

The anatomical directions anterior and posterior mean toward the _____ and _____, respectively.

A)top; bottom"
B)outside; inside"
C)front; back"
D)left; right"

Question 40

The anatomical word for "on the same side" is:

A)medial"
B)ipsilateral"
C)caudal"
D)contralateral"

Question 41

The temporal lobe is _____ to the corpus callosum.

A)superior"
B)lateral"
C)medial"
D)anterior"

Question 42

The anatomical word for "toward the middle" is:

A)rostral"
B)lateral"
C)medial"
D)caudal"

Question 43

Sensory neurons are sensitive to:

A)fatigue"
B)pain"
C)temperature"
D)all of the above"

Question 44

When you digest your lunch or your heart rate speeds up, you are using the _____ nervous system.

A)somatic"
B)automatic"
C)autonomic"
D)central"

Question 45

The anatomical word for "on the opposite side" is:

A)ipsilateral"
B)medial"
C)caudal"
D)contralateral"

Question 46

An axial slice would divide the human body along its long axis, whereas a sagittal slice would divide the body into:

A)anterior and posterior"
B)left and right"
C)top and bottom"
D)front and back"

Question 47

A slice through the exact midline of the body or nervous system is called a:

A)transverse slice"
B)midsagittal slice"
C)lateral slice"
D)medial slice"

Question 48

Motor neurons extend to the muscles of the body, making contact at the:

A)spinal cord"
B)primary motor cortex"
C)neuromuscular junction"
D)lateral geniculate nucleus"

Question 49

The anatomical term for "toward the point where the limb attaches to the body" is:

A)anterior"
B)distal"
C)proximal"
D)ventral"

Question 50

These neurons convey a multitude of different kinds of sensory input to the body:

A)input neurons"
B)sensory neurons"
C)perceptions"
D)motor neurons"

Question 51

When you raise your arm, kick a ball, or withdraw your hand from a hot plate, you are using the _____ nervous system.

A)autonomic"
B)parasympathetic"
C)sympathetic"
D)somatic"

Question 52

The body has two major compartments: the soma, including skin and bones, and the _____, containing the internal organs.

A)central nervous system"
B)peripheral nerves"
C)viscera"
D)vasculature"

Question 53

The motor side of the somatic nervous system is organized into segments within the musculature called:

A)muscle tones"
B)myopias"
C)myotomes"
D)dermatomes"

Question 54

Paralysis of all four limbs is called:

A)quadraparalysis"
B)quadriplegia"
C)quadritoma"
D)paraplegia"

Question 55

The section of the spine nearest to the brainstem is called the _____ spine.

A)thoracic"
B)lumbar"
C)sacral"
D)cervical"

Question 56

The section of the spine between the cervical spine and lumbar spine is the:

A)sacral"
B)thermic"
C)thoracic"
D)segmental"

Question 57

Visceral motor neurons are the output neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, sending control signals to the body's:

A)muscles"
B)internal organs"
C)cranial nerves"
D)skin"

Question 58

The neurons in the ventral layers of gray matter are mostly _____ neurons.

A)input"
B)reflex"
C)sensory"
D)motor"

Question 59

Raising the hair follicles in response to cold is a:

A)conditioned response"
B)visceral response"
C)reflex"
D)none of the above"

Question 60

T. Graham Brown proposed that the main functional unit of the nervous system is the:

A)reflex arc"
B)neuron"
C)interneuron"
D)central pattern generator"

Question 61

The hindbrain contains the pons and the:

A)thalamus"
B)amygdala"
C)medulla oblongata"
D)hippocampus"

Question 62

The involuntary functions essential to life such as breathing and heart rate are controlled by the:

A)insula"
B)hippocampus"
C)parietal lobe"
D)medulla oblongata"

Question 63

Chewing, swallowing, yawning, and sneezing are examples of rhythmical movements generated by the:

A)frontal lobe"
B)parietal lobe"
C)occipital lobe"
D)brainstem"

Question 64

Destruction of the _____, which regulates heart rate and blood pressure, is fatal.

A)substantia nigra"
B)insula"
C)amygdala"
D)medulla oblongata"

Question 65

The organ in the inner ear that senses balance is the:

A)eardrum"
B)vestibular organ"
C)cochlea"
D)stapes"

Question 66

The _____ reflex keeps the eye steady if the head is suddenly turned.

A)ocular"
B)vestibular"
C)vestibuloocular"
D)oculomotor"

Question 67

The midbrain area called the _____ uses auditory inputs to direct movements.

A)ventral tegmental area"
B)thalamus"
C)inferior colliculus"
D)superior colliculus"

Question 68

The _____ coordinates the key survival behavior of reproduction.

A)hindbrain"
B)midbrain"
C)cerebellum"
D)forebrain"

Question 69

More complex behaviors such as defense, aggression, and reproduction are controlled by the:

A)inferior colliculus"
B)superior colliculus"
C)periaqueductal gray matter"
D)lateral geniculate nucleus"

Question 70

The midbrain area called the _____ is involved in locating visual stimuli in space and using this information to direct movements.

A)retina"
B)superior colliculus"
C)thalamus"
D)lateral geniculate nucleus"

Question 71

A midbrain cell group called the _____ sends alerting signals using norepinephrine.

A)red nucleus"
B)reticular formation"
C)substantia nigra"
D)locus coeruleus"

Question 72

A diffuse network of midbrain cells known as the midbrain _____ plays a central role in regulating states of consciousness.

A)locus coeruleus"
B)substantia nigra"
C)red nucleus"
D)reticular formation"

Question 73

The midbrain raphe nuclei, which lie along the seam between the two sides of the brainstem, are the main source of the neurotransmitter:

A)dopamine"
B)norepinephrine"
C)serotonin"
D)acetylcholine"

Question 74

The main source of the neurotransmitter dopamine for the motor system is the:

A)locus coeruleus"
B)reticular formation"
C)substantia nigra"
D)red nucleus"

Question 75

.When you swallow, you are using the _____ cranial nerve.

A)optic"
B)olfactory"
C)vestibulocochlear"
D)glossopharyngeal"

Question 76

Making eye movements requires the _____ cranial nerve.

A)trigeminal"
B)oculomotor"
C)glossopharyngeal"
D)olfactory"

Question 77

Moving your head and neck requires signals carried by the _____ cranial nerve.

A)glossopharyngeal"
B)oculomotor"
C)optic"
D)spinal accessory"

Question 78

This cranial nerve controls the muscles of chewing:

A)olfactory"
B)trigeminal"
C)optic"
D)oculomotor"

Question 79

The signals for the senses of hearing and balance are carried by the _____ cranial nerve.

A)olfactory"
B)optic"
C)glossopharyngeal"
D)vestibulocochlear"

Question 80

The _____, or "little brain," contains an enormous number of neurons compared to its size.

A)cerebral cortex"
B)frontal lobe"
C)cerebellum"
D)brainstem"