Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of Van Swaaningen's reasons for the emergence of global criminology?

A) The need to look beyond Western models in order to understand worldwide changes
B) The challenges to the sovereignty of the nation state brought about by globalization
C) The increasing influence of Western ideals on international agencies
D) The emergence of criminological challenges with a global scope and effect necessitating a shift from traditional levels of analysis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In which type of criminology is it necessary to understand the "linkages between places"?

A) Transnational
B) Global
C) International
D) Comparative

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which type of criminology addresses the form and character of criminal justice systems in predominantly Western countries?

A) Transnational
B) Global
C) International
D) Comparative

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Why is it important to study global justice issues?

A) To extend a person's knowledge beyond their own group
B) To suggest how one's own society can be improved based on commonalities and divergences
C) To challenge assumptions and the status quo
D) A and C
E) All of the above

Question 5

Globalization is a(n):

A) Framework
B) Process
C) Theoretical construct
D) Ideal

Question 6

The core of globalization lies in the field of:

A) Economics/International Finance
B) Politics
C) Anthropology
D) Environment/Climate Change

Question 7

The study of criminology has been described as:

A) Narrow
B) Ethnocentric
C) Parochial
D) All of the above

Question 8

Which type of criminology is viewed by many scholars as "losing its relevance"?

A) Transnational
B) Global
C) International
D) Comparative

Question 9

Globalization can be defined as:

A) The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away
B) The process in which the global meets the local and produces cultural hybridity
C) A framework within which criminal actors can create and seize opportunities using communication, transportation, and international markets
D) The action to counter climate change, cross border pollution and population growth

Question 10

Many scholars argue that the core of globalization lies in the field of economics and international finance because of:

A) The rise of multinational corporations
B) The creation of the IMF and World Bank
C) Promotion of the free market and capitalism
D) All of the above

Question 11

Crimes of globalization are constituted by the designation of international institutions that may be judged as:

A) Morally questionable
B) Ethically questionable
C) Criminal
D) All of the above

Question 12

Which type of criminology focuses on crime that encompasses a range of questions regarding international relations, human rights, truth commissions, and restitutive justice:

A) Transnational
B) Global
C) International
D) Comparative

Question 13

Which type of criminology "brings together transnational and comparative research from all regions of the world to build a globally inclusive and cosmopolitan discipline"?

A) Transnational
B) Global
C) International
D) Comparative

Question 14

'Complex connectivity' can be defined as:

A) The process of internationalization relating to independencies between bounded national states
B) A framework within which criminal actors can create and seize opportunities using communication, transportation, and international markets
C) The process in which the global meets the local and produces cultural hybridity
D) The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away

Question 15

'Glocalization' can be defined as:

A) The action to counter climate change, cross border pollution and population growth
B) International agencies formulating codes of conduct with the aim of being embodied in national laws
C) The elimination of neoliberal and postcolonial policies promoted by the West
D) The process in which the global meets the local and produces cultural hybridity

Question 16

Alternative visions of globalization do the following:

A) Promote egalitarian ideals of global solidarity and distributive justice
B) Focus on anti-capitalist protest movements that oppose the WTO and World Bank
C) Divert from mainstream global justice and human rights discourse implemented by international civil society
D) All of the above

Question 17

The text mentions the following international agreements as successful:

A) The Convention of the Rights of the Child
B) The Statute of the International Criminal Court
C) CEDAW
D) None of the above

Question 18

CEDAW stands for:

A) The Convention to Educate Disabled Adults Worldwide
B) The Committee to Eliminate Discrimination Against Women
C) The Convention to Eliminate Discrimination Against Women
D) The Convention to Educate All Women

Question 19

The text recommends the usage of "ideologies of globalization" to resolve the social exclusion of this marginalized population:

A) Young North African migrants in France
B) Roma gypsies in Romania
C) Latin American immigrants in the U.S.
D) Palestinian refugees in the West Bank

Question 20

What is an American signifier of national identity, sovereignty and government rationality that requires international cooperation in combating terrorism?

A) The American flag
B) Homeland security
C) The Declaration of Independence
D) Foreign policy

Question 21

State sovereignty in criminal justice seems to NOT be challenged by:

A) Multinational private security enterprises
B) Technologies of global surveillance
C) Democratic policing
D) International courts

Question 22

The following levels of governance play an important role in preserving community safety:

A) Local
B) National
C) International
D) All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is not an example of transnational crime?

A) Money laundering
B) Drug trafficking
C) Corruption in domestic government
D) Internet crimes

Question 24

The homogenization of popular culture is:

A) Driven by the Western cultural matrix of Hollywood and consumerism
B) The idea that in time a universalization of culture will overwhelm all forms of diversity
C) Contradicted by the notion of 'glocalization'
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 25

The flow of neoliberal economic policies promoted worldwide by Western States, the UN and international agencies have resulted in the following:

A) Increased poverty
B) The flourishing of illicit drug cultivation
C) Increased opportunities for cross border crime
D) Increased respect for the West by postcolonial nation-states

Question 26

Criminologists could work with lawyers and political scientists to resolve conflicts in non-Western post-conflict states by:

A) Formulating truth telling structures and procedures
B) Designing justice frameworks for transitioning post-conflict states
C) Interrogating issues such as the use of traditional forms of justice in post-conflict states
D) All of the above

Question 27

The text refers to the collective of international and national NGOs, UN agencies, and international organizations as:

A) International civil society
B) International community
C) Democratic policing
D) Unified neoliberal agencies

Question 28

Conflicts that were formally interstate wars are now largely intrastate and characterized by:

A) Low intensity guerilla type warfare
B) Civil wars
C) Genocide
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 29

The texts gives the following example of a protagonist in conflicts that spill over State boundaries:

A) Al Qaeda
B) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
C) Boko Haram
D) Hamas

Question 30

Which type of criminology is said to be constituted by about 20 crimes recognized by international law including genocide, violations of human rights, wars crimes and forms of terrorism:

A) Transnational
B) Global
C) International
D) Comparative

Question 31

Which scholar suggests that global criminology should be analyzed by "the processes that involve, or at least aspire to involve the whole world considered in a planetary context":

A) Adler
B) Bowling
C) Pakes
D) Muncie

Question 32

Comparative approaches at criminology are inadequate in capturing the complexities of the following global issues:

A) Policing
B) Security
C) Human rights protection
D) All of the above

Question 33

Ethnocentrism can be defined as:

A) The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture
B) The inclusion of non-Western and postcolonial nation-states in criminological discourse
C) The criminological ideal that Western methodology is more efficient and 'right'
D) A and C

Question 34

Reasons to still utilize comparative criminology in a globalized world include:

A) "Pure intellectual curiosity"
B) The borrowing of ideas from other systems that seem more cost effective
C) The need for harmonization of systems in the European Union
D) All of the above

Question 35

Emerging crimes that were previously invisible to criminology include:

A) Human trafficking across borders
B) Rape perpetrated in violent internal conflicts
C) War crimes
D) All of the above

Question 36

Recently, more texts have adopted a transnational, international, or global focus.

Question 37

Criminal actors use "global interconnectedness" to create and seize opportunities using rapid and covert communication, international modes of transport, and international markets.

Question 38

The definition of "terrorism" is not currently included within the jurisdiction of the ICC.

Question 39

Criminal justice can no longer be seen as a purely local phenomenon.

Question 40

Criminology has evolved from a transnational approach to a global approach.

Question 41

Comparative criminology is being challenged by globalization.

Question 42

The present age is marked by global insecurity.

Question 43

Globalization affords the opportunity to transcend established ethnocentric frameworks.

Question 44

Globalization is synonymous with internationalization.

Question 45

The outcomes of globalization processes are not predetermined.

Question 46

Define two types of criminological thought, and give two examples of global issues that can overlap between those two criminologies.

Question 47

Comprehensively analyze the benefits and downfalls of utilizing comparative criminology in an increasingly globalized world.

Question 48

Describe two ways in which the West can afford opportunities for non-Western and postcolonial states to be integrated in criminological discourse.