Deck 6: Policing and the Law

Question 1

Which of the following influences policing styles?

A)Local economic trends.
B)Community size.
C)The population's racial and ethnic diversity.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

This mode of policing emphasizes the maintenance of order rather than law enforcement.

A)Watchman style.
B)Service style.
C)Legalistic style.
D)Zero tolerance.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

This mode of policing emphasizes enforcement of the letter of the law.

A)Community policing.
B)Watchman style.
C)Legalistic style.
D)Service style.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

This mode of policing is concerned primarily with serving the community and its citizens.

A)Service style.
B)Watchman style.
C)Community policing.
D)Zero-tolerance policing.

Question 5

A reason based on known facts to think that a criminal offense has taken place is called .

A)Reasonable doubt.
B)Suspicion.
C)Probable cause.
D)Stare decisis.

Question 6

This doctrine defines what constitutes a search.

A)Privacy.
B)Trespass.
C)Open fields.
D)Plain view.

Question 7

The Fourth Amendment states that "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against , shall not be violated."

A)Unreasonable probable cause.
B)Searches and seizures.
C)Unreasonable searches and seizures.
D)Unreasonable warrants.

Question 8

This case held that people, not places, are protected from government intrusion whenever they have a reasonable expectation of privacy.

A)Terry v. Ohio.
B)Katz v. United States.
C)Illinois v. Gates.
D)Florida v. Bostick.

Question 9

Which criterion must be met for the discovery of evidence to fall outside the Fourth Amendment's definition of a search?

A)The item must be in plain view of the officer.
B)The officer must lawfully be in the place where he discovered the evidence.
C)The incriminating nature of the evidence must be immediately apparent.
D)All of the above.

Question 10

In this case, the Supreme Court found that probable cause for a search does not demand proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

A)Katz v. United States.
B)Batson v. Kentucky.
C)Illinois v. Gates.
D)Terry v. Ohio.

Question 11

The right to privacy does not extend to these even if officers are trespassing.

A)Aircraft.
B)Automobiles.
C)Open fields.
D)Closets.

Question 12

In this case, the Supreme Court found that police have the right to search suspects to ensure their own safety if they think that the suspects are armed.

A)Nye County v. Plankinton.
B)Terry v. Ohio.
C)Katz v. United States.
D)Illinois v. Gates.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the major exceptions to the requirement that officers obtain warrants before conducting a search?

A)House searches.
B)Consent searches.
C)Searches incident to arrest.
D)Vehicle searches.

Question 14

This is under the control of an individual during an arrest in an automobile.

A)The trunk.
B)The grabbable area.
C)The keys.
D)The surrounding area.

Question 15

Which one is an example of a special-needs search?

A)Inventory search.
B)Juror search.
C)House search.
D)Automobile search.

Question 16

When law enforcement officers take potential evidence in a criminal case it is called a .

A)Seizure.
B)Grabbable area.
C)Stop-and-frisk.
D)Stop.

Question 17

This temporary detention is legally a seizure of an individual.

A)Stop.
B)Seizure.
C)Incarceration.
D)Frisk.

Question 18

In this case, the Supreme Court determined that the test of what constitutes seizure is whether the suspect is free to decline an officer's request for a search and terminate the encounter.

A)Batson v. Kentucky.
B)Florida v. Bostick.
C)Marx v. California.
D)Terry v. Ohio.

Question 19

This describes an incident in which the police show a sign of authority and the suspect submits.

A)Stop-and-frisk.
B)Show-of-authority stop.
C)Actual-seizure stop.
D)Reasonable stop standard.

Question 20

In this case, the Supreme Court found that an arrest warrant allows only the search of a suspect's person and the immediate vicinity. Further searches require a warrant.

A)In re Gault.
B)Chimel v. California.
C)Terry v. Ohio.
D)People v. Aphaylath.

Question 21

This form of policing is based on the idea that if all infractions of the law are met with punishment, offenders will not commit more serious offenses.

A)Problem-oriented policing.
B)Zero-tolerance policing.
C)Community policing.
D)Watchman-style policing.

Question 22

This style of policing attempts to address the underlying social problems that contribute to crime.

A)Problem-oriented policing.
B)Zero-tolerance policing.
C)Community policing.
D)Watchman-style policing.

Question 23

Which is not a goal of police patrol?

A)To collect crime statistics.
B)To enhance feelings of public safety.
C)To deter crime.
D)To make officers available for service.

Question 24

The most visible function of police is .

A)Paperwork.
B)Training.
C)Patrol.
D)All of the above.

Question 25

Which type of patrol can expand the range that officers can cover, allowing officers to patrol areas where motor vehicles are prohibited and keeping officers in touch with the community?

A)Car patrol.
B)Foot patrol.
C)Bicycle patrol.
D)None of the above.

Question 26

Which is a peacemaking or order-maintenance problem that the police may be called for?

A)Mental illness issues.
B)Domestic disputes.
C)Crowd control.
D)All of the above.

Question 27

is suspicion of illegal activity based on a person's race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on actual illegal activity or evidence of illegal activity.

A)Racial profiling.
B)Racial preference.
C)Racial predetermination.
D)Racial priority.

Question 28

The law dictates how the government can go about discovering and prosecuting violations of the law.

A)Substantive; procedural.
B)Procedural; substantive.
C)Criminal; civil.
D)Common; statutory.

Question 29

The procedural law that controls the activities of law enforcement is derived from the Amendment of the Constitution.

A)Fourth.
B)First.
C)Eighth.
D)Sixth.

Question 30

What are two considerations that exempt law enforcement from the Fourth Amendment provision that police officers knock and announce their presence prior to a house search?

A)Officer safety and giving suspects an opportunity to destroy evidence.
B)Officer safety and suspect safety.
C)Giving suspects an opportunity to destroy evidence and giving suspects the chance to call a lawyer.
D)All of the above.

Question 31

The police do not make an arrest every time they are legally authorized to do so.

Question 32

The structure of law enforcement agencies is dissimilar to that of military units.

Question 33

The Fourth Amendment strictly limits the discretion police officers have in searching for and seizing evidence.

Question 34

Stops are searches. Frisks are seizures.

Question 35

An arrest is more invasive than a stop.

Question 36

To arrest someone at home, the court recommends four restrictions, one of which is that the offense should be a felony.

Question 37

One of the primary ways that law enforcement officials gather information about crime is from offenders.

Question 38

The Fifth Amendment, the Sixth Amendment, and the First Amendment are the constitutional amendments related to interrogation.

Question 39

The public generally has a cynical view of policing.

Question 40

According to Egon Bittner, one of the reasons that the military model was attractive to police planners was the lack of other models of organization.

Question 41

Police officers exercise little discretion in their daily routines.

Question 42

Most police departments tend to incorporate aspects of the watchman, legalistic, and service styles of policing.

Question 43

Police- work is controlled by procedural laws.

Question 44

All law enforcement officers adopt the same style of interacting with the public.

Question 45

"Police officer as soldier" is a good way to think about how the police do their job.

Question 46

Detectives are responsible for investigating cases on their own, without any help from other professionals.

Question 47

Enforcing traffic laws is one of the least dangerous aspects of police work.

Question 48

Traffic enforcement can vary greatly by jurisdiction.

Question 49

Far more searches are conducted without warrants than with legally secured warrants.

Question 50

All laws, rules, and regulations that specify how the police can go about investigation, interrogation, and arrest need not be consistent with the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourth Amendment.

Question 51

Discuss Bittner's three reasons why the military model is attractive to police planners.

Question 52

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of single-officer patrol cars versus two-officer patrol cars.

Question 53

List and describe the four aspects of police response time.

Question 54

List the two advantages and one disadvantage of foot patrols.

Question 55

List and discuss one of five strategies that, according to L. Paul Sutton, some police officers might use to try to circumvent the Fourth Amendment.

Question 56

What is the reasonable stop standard?

Question 57

List two controversial issues regarding stops that the courts have considered.

Question 58

Describe how the way in which police arrest suspects is important.

Question 59

List two of the four restrictions that courts recommend to arrest a person at home.

Question 60

List one of three amendments related to interrogation and its relevant clause.