Deck 11: The History of Control and Punishment

Question 1

Which of these is a form of corporal punishment?

A)Drawing-and-quartering.
B)Flogging.
C)Torture.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

This early U.S. prison was characterized by the separate-and-silent system.

A)Castle Island.
B)Walnut Street Jail.
C)Auburn Prison.
D)Eastern State Penitentiary.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This particular ancient corporal punishment prevented offenders from blending into the community.

A)Branding.
B)Humiliation.
C)Incarceration.
D)Flogging.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

This early U.S. prison was characterized by the congregate-and-silent system.

A)Eastern State Penitentiary.
B)Walnut Street Jail.
C)Castle Island.
D)Auburn Prison.

Question 5

This early English method of control established places where the poor were locked up and put to work.

A)Bedlams.
B)Penitentiaries.
C)Hulks.
D)Workhouses.

Question 6

This case helped set guidelines for what constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in prison and the circumstances under which prison officials are liable.

A)Hope v. Pelzer.
B)Ford v. Wainwright.
C)Atkins v. Virginia.
D)Gideon v. Wainwright.

Question 7

This technique was designed not just to punish, but also to make the inmate more likely to return to free society successfully.

A)Irish System.
B)Norfolk System.
C)Pennsylvania System.
D)Auburn System.

Question 8

This system, developed by Alexander Maconochie, allowed the inmate to earn the right to be released.

A)Congregate-and-silent.
B)Separate-and-silent.
C)Marks-of-commendation.
D)Ticket-of-leave.

Question 9

Sir Walter Crofton instituted this system in which inmates were given a conditional release and supervised by local police.

A)Ticket-to-ride.
B)Marks-of-commendation.
C)Early parole.
D)Ticket-of-leave.

Question 10

This prison, run by Zebulon Brockway, used an early form of parole, as well as corporal punishment.

A)Walnut Street Jail.
B)Elmira Reformatory.
C)Cherry Hill.
D)Eastern State Penitentiary.

Question 11

From 1900 to 1930, work for inmates was deemed beneficial because .

A)Inmates could offset the cost of their incarceration.
B)It had rehabilitative value.
C)It kept them occupied.
D)All of the above.

Question 12

The 1931 report from this commission helped to institute the era of rehabilitation.

A)Warren Commission.
B)Wickersham Commission.
C)Knapp Commission.
D)Prison Commission.

Question 13

This federal incarceration agency was established in 1930.

A)Prisons Bureau.
B)Bureau of Prisons.
C)Bureau of Incarceration.
D)Federal Prison Agency.

Question 14

One of the changes instituted during the age of retribution was .

A)Abolition of parole.
B)Voluntary treatment.
C)Determinate sentences.
D)All of the above.

Question 15

This decision banned the execution of the insane.

A)Hope v. Pelzer.
B)Furman v. Georgia.
C)Ford v. Wainwright.
D)Atkins v. Virginia.

Question 16

This decision established limits for the execution of the intellectually disabled.

A)Atkins v. Virginia.
B)Hope v. Pelzer.
C)Furman v. Georgia.
D)Ford v. Wainwright.

Question 17

According to this method of control, an offender is prevented from breaking more laws by either imprisonment or death.

A)Specific deterrence.
B)General deterrence.
C)Intermediate deterrence.
D)Absolute deterrence.

Question 18

According to this method of control, the punishment of a single offender sets an example for the rest of society.

A)Absolute deterrence.
B)Specific deterrence.
C)Intermediate deterrence.
D)General deterrence.

Question 19

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, executions in the United States were highest during which decade?

A)1980s.
B)1970s.
C)1950s.
D)1930s.

Question 20

In 1792, France popularized the use of this execution device.

A)Guillotine.
B)Electric chair.
C)"Long drop" hanging.
D)"Short drop" hanging.

Question 21

This philosophy states than a person who commits a heinous offense deserves death.

A)Just deserts.
B)General deterrence.
C)Specific deterrence.
D)All of the above.

Question 22

This is a style of control in which offenders are punished as severely as possible for a crime and in which rehabilitation is not attempted.

A)Deterrence model.
B)Rehabilitation model.
C)Retribution model.
D)Just deserts model.

Question 23

Which state does not have a death penalty?

A)Alaska.
B)Texas.
C)California.
D)All of the above.

Question 24

Which criminologist stated that "The death penalty cannot be useful, because of the example of barbarity it gives to men"?

A)Cesare Lombroso.
B)Caesar Augustus.
C)Cesar Romero.
D)Cesare Beccaria.

Question 25

In what decade did the courts begin to specify the constitutional rights of inmates?

A)1980s.
B)1920s.
C)1930s.
D)1960s.

Question 26

Humiliation techniques .

A)Achieved general deterrence.
B)Reinforced community norms.
C)Punished offenders.
D)All of the above.

Question 27

The Walnut Street Jail .

A)Was the nation's first penitentiary.
B)Was a military prison during the Revolutionary War.
C)Housed men and women together.
D)All of the above.

Question 28

When was the last guillotine execution?

A)1977.
B)1907.
C)1957.
D)1877.

Question 29

Which form of execution is most common in the United States?

A)Lethal injection.
B)Electrocution.
C)Hanging.
D)Gas.

Question 30

In this case, the Supreme Court found that the possibility that a method of humane execution would be incorrectly administered and cause the condemned pain does not violate the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

A)Baze v. Rees.
B)Ford v. Wainwright.
C)Hope v. Pelzer.
D)Atkins v. Virginia.

Question 31

Inmates worked very hard in the Pennsylvania System.

Question 32

Prior to the twentieth century, two major features of the death sentence were spectacle and pain.

Question 33

The criminal justice system still uses shaming and humiliation on offenders.

Question 34

Methods of execution have changed to include the reduction of torture.

Question 35

Early American prisons were locally controlled and incarcerated different types of offenders together.

Question 36

The Auburn Prison at first used the separate-and-silent system until officials realized the system was extremely harmful to inmates.

Question 37

According to Maconochie, brutality was useful for purposes of social control.

Question 38

Historically, death is a common form of punishment.

Question 39

It was not until around 1980 that U.S. prisons acknowledged rehabilitation as a primary goal.

Question 40

The rehabilitation movement in prisons was fully accomplished and found not to work.

Question 41

A primary reason that rehabilitation eventually became considered important was the change in how science regarded illness.

Question 42

The idea of incarceration as the sole punishment for convicted offenders took some time to develop.

Question 43

U.S. courts have always been deeply involved in the operation of prisons.

Question 44

Most ancient societies had a well-defined justice system that dealt with those who violated the law.

Question 45

The deterrence argument is at the foundation of the support of capital punishment.

Question 46

The most extreme and controversial form of control is solitary confinement.

Question 47

Arguments against capital punishment include retribution.

Question 48

Execution is much older than incarceration.

Question 49

Most executions are carried out about six months after the conviction.

Question 50

Historically, executions were part of a public spectacle designed to demonstrate the consequences of violating the law.

Question 51

What limited the severity of the flogging of slaves in the pre-Civil War South?

Question 52

What two purposes did transporting offenders serve for European countries?

Question 53

Why and when did the courts abandon its "hands-off" policy concerning the operation of prisons?

Question 54

What effect did the politicization of inmates in the 1960s have on rehabilitation efforts?

Question 55

Before the twentieth century, executions were public and made as painful for the offender as possible. Why?

Question 56

List two criticisms of the general-deterrence argument for capital punishment.

Question 57

List two ways the deterrent effect of capital punishment could be improved, according to supporters of capital punishment.

Question 58

What are innocence projects?

Question 59

What did the Supreme Court set forth in Furman v. Georgia?