Deck 3: Forging Tighter Bonds, 1640 to the 1690s

Question 1

Between 1640 and 1660, the nature of European immigration into North America changed, for reasons including:

A)The lucrative tobacco industry lured an increasing number of immigrants to Virginia.
B)Declining deaths due to epidemics curtailed wars in the northeastern part of North America.
C)Laws regarding indentured servitude were relaxed.
D)Relatively peaceful conditions in England deterred English citizens from emigrating.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What was often a result of the Indian concept of warfare?

A)captivity of adult males to insure continuation of their population
B)immediate death of those captured so as to avoid the pain of torture
C)capture of women and children who were more likely to accept life in captivity
D)grudging acknowledgement by the colonists that the Indians were indeed braver than their European counterparts

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of these is one of the ways the landscape of the Great Lakes region was changed by violence and disease?

A)captivity and disbursement of the Huron
B)rise of the Huron, who became the most powerful Indian tribe in the Great Lakes region
C)decline of the Iroquois, who were forced to flee the area and relocate further west
D)merging of the Iroquois and Huron into one formidable confederation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

As a result of the smallpox epidemics of the 1930s,

A)Iroquois and other Indian tribes maintained a peaceful co-existence.
B)Jesuit missionaries declined in number due to deaths from the disease.
C).friction between Indian tribes increased.
D)traditional Indian remedies proved successful against the disease.

Question 5

During the 1640s the ________________ increased the way colonists participated in the Atlantic trade network.

A)Pueblo conflict
B)English Civil Wars
C)Glorious Revolution
D)New England Company

Question 6

The Society of Friends of New England

A)readily gained acceptance due to their egalitarian view of society.
B)were accepted in the colonies but not in England.
C)gained the admiration of ministers and officials who appreciated their peaceful approach to colonial controversies.
D)alienated leaders because they refused to conform to certain social rituals.

Question 7

According to John Winthrop, what was the ultimate basis for the success of the Massachusetts Bay colony?

A)successful incorporation of the African slave trade in Massachusetts
B)ability of the colony to focus on one lucrative export
C)the colony's new ironworks business
D)trade with other North American colonies as well as Europe and the West Indies

Question 8

By 1680 Barbados was one of England's most successful colonies, prospering as a result of

A)the rise in sugar cane production.
B)a highly educated population.
C)the laxity of laws dealing with slavery.
D)an unusually high percentage of multi-skilled workers.

Question 9

Which group made up the majority of the population of Barbados in the mid to late 17^th century?

A)Wealthy planters
B)African slaves
C)Indentured servants
D)Irish emigrants

Question 10

Barbados was the first English colony in the Americas to institute a slave code, which

A)was only applicable to the enslaved Africans.
B)applied to slaves and indentured servants equally.
C)became the blueprint for slave legislation in other colonies.
D)encouraged non-physical ways of dealing with slaves so as to protect them from injuries which might inhibit their effectiveness in the fields.

Question 11

As a result of the power struggles between the friars and the governors in Florida,

A)New Mexicans accepted friars and their missions as an integral part of New Mexico's development.
B)the power of the friars was diminished.
C)the Franciscans gained dominance in New Mexico.
D)the Franciscans agreed to incorporate some Indian spiritual traditions into Catholic rituals.

Question 12

Which of these was among the reactions to the Navigation Acts of 1651, put into effect by Charles II?

A)European observers interpreted them to mean that England did not place much value on the colonies.
B)English merchants were not in favor of them because they restricted trade.
C)Colonial merchants recognized the laws would increase their market share on a global level.
D)Colonists objected to the restrictions on what countries they could trade with directly.

Question 13

Which of these was one of the consequences of the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664-1667)?

A)freedom of the Iroquois Indians from the Dutch
B)English purchase of New Amsterdam from the Dutch
C)renaming of New Netherland to New York
D)victory of the Dutch over the English fleet after a bloody skirmish

Question 14

As a result of the intermingling of the Dutch and English in New Amsterdam,

A)the Dutch Reformed Church assumed a more prominent role.
B)English women lost many of their property rights.
C)Dutch inheritance laws grew more restrictive.
D)political divisions between the Dutch and English disappeared.

Question 15

Which statement best summarizes the views of France's finance minister, Colbert?

A)He believed the colonists should be treated the same as the citizens of France.
B)Colbert embraced an economic policy of mercantilism.
C)He did not think it was necessary to supply the colonists with military protection.
D)Colbert did not think that Canada would play a major role in revitalizing the French economy.

Question 16

In contrast to women in France, the female colonists of New France

A)tended to marry at an older age.
B)had fewer children.
C)successfully gave birth to healthier children.
D)tended to resist family situations.

Question 17

France's inability to model New France after the successful New England colonies was partly due to

A)the high cost of providing goods to a bigger market.
B)the large number of immigrants it had to contend with.
C)its lack of Indian allies.
D)the reluctance of French men to intermarry with Indian women.

Question 18

By 1675, as Virginia society underwent complex changes, which of these statements was true?

A)Virginians instituted laws that taxed all field workers, including white women.
B)Free black women no longer had to pay a field tax.
C)The race of a child was determined by its father.
D)English laws made slavery inheritable.

Question 19

In what ways were the lives of women in the Chesapeake region different from those of other women colonists?

A)Women in Virginia had an ample supply of suitors who treated them with more respect than most colonial women could expect.
B)Virginia's laws protected female servants against unwanted advances from their masters.
C)Women were compensated for time off during pregnancy as a reward for contributing to the population.
D)Children who were the product of a relationship between a master and a servant often spent at least part of their lives in servitude.

Question 20

In Virginia, as in other colonies, what was one of the effects of Bacon's Rebellion?

A)It solidified relations among the Virginia colonists who united against the Indians.
B)It raised concerns about the developing white underclass.
C)Its participants accepted the practice of rewarding supporters with valuable land grants.
D)It re-established King Charles II's faith in Governor Berkeley's policies.

Question 21

Proprietors who acquired large land grants in Carolina

A)were mainly Barbadians, who had a large influence on the development of the colony.
B)agreed that the right to negotiate land concessions from the Indians would be left to the governors of the respective states.
C)encouraged colonists to establish trade in the interior areas of the state.
D)acknowledged the right of slaves who accepted Christianity to apply for their freedom.

Question 22

By the late 17^th century, the slave trade in Carolina

A)led to better relations between the English and Spanish, who shared a similar philosophy regarding African slaves.
B)accelerated the transformation of Indian politics.
C)increased the lure of settlement, due to the establishment of peaceful relations between colonists and Indians.
D)included direct shipment of slaves from West Africa to Carolina.

Question 23

How did New England colonists attempt to solidify relations with England?

A)They relied on the English for education regarding the natural world.
B)They acknowledged their inferior status.
C)They formed groups to glorify God and increase their prestige with the English.
D)The colonists relied on state authority over church authority.

Question 24

Which of the following statement best characterizes King Philip's War?

A)It was costly for both sides.
B)The war was over quickly.
C)The war caused little disruption to Puritan society.
D)Indian tribes retreated and reestablished their cultures.

Question 25

During the 17^th century, most Indians were killed by

A)English colonists.
B)French colonists.
C)Other Indians.
D)Diseases.

Question 26

What happened when the Spanish fled New Mexico immediately following the Pueblo's war for independence in 1680?

A)All Pueblo supported Popé's reforms.
B)Many Pueblo decided their future looked better under Spanish influence.
C)Peace returned among the Pueblo and Apache.
D)Spain never re-entered New Mexico.

Question 27

In many cases, the acquisition of land from the Indians, especially in North America,

A)was accomplished by peaceful negotiations.
B)had no effect on proprietors who had title to adjoining land grants.
C)gave the British monarchy cheap ways to reward patronage and pay debts.
D)did not influence religious settlement.

Question 28

Most of Pennsylvania's residents during the late 17^th century

A)continued hostilities with the Indians.
B)practiced policies of pacifism.
C)did not settle there for religious reasons but mostly for trading opportunities.
D)consisted of young men and women who were interested in gaining individual economic independence.

Question 29

When James II became King of England in 1685,

A)he was forced to abdicate due to his Catholic beliefs.
B)he gave his total support to the Anglican Church, resulting in a dispute with Parliament.
C)he supported the Edict of Nantes, thereby continuing to allow Huguenots to practice their religion without fear of interference.
D)there was a bloody conflict with the French over territorial claims in 1688.

Question 30

Which of these was a response to the regulations by Edmond Andros?

A)dissolution of representative assemblies.
B)lessening of restrictions by England
C)property ownership was no longer a qualification for voting
D)targeted aggression against farmers

Question 31

Changes in the laws regarding indentured servitude in Virginia in the mid-1600s

A)increased the number of indentured servants used for labor.
B)decreased the number of slaves required in Virginia.
C)improved Virginia's reputation regarding its treatment of indentured servants.
D)allowed the emancipation of children born out of wedlock to occur earlier than the standards set in English law.

Question 32

Deaths from epidemics, especially smallpox,

A)Changed the way neighboring Indian tribes interacted with each other.
B)Mostly affected the new European immigrants who had no immunity.
C)Affected primarily the Indian children.
D)Were limited due to communal healing rituals of the Indians.

Question 33

"Mourning Wars," a tradition practiced by Indians such as the Iroquois

A)were used mostly as a way to replenish the male population.
B)had little effect on the Huron nation.
C)usually meant the outright slaughter of only colonists to avenge Indian deaths.
D)always occurred immediately after sunrise.

Question 34

Which statement would be included in a summary of colonists' responses to the English civil wars?

A)Most colonists declared their support of Oliver Cromwell.
B)Virginians refused to accept immigrants who supported the monarchy.
C)Colonists increased efforts to defend themselves against claims of religious intolerance
D)There was a renewed effort to accept only The Church of England as the religious authority.

Question 35

What effect did the English civil wars have on colonial development?

A)Colonists successfully transported their vision of a godly society to England.
B)The economic diversity in the New England colonies increased.
C)The new religious sect called the Society of Friends gained acceptance.
D)The development of industries such as shipbuilding was curtailed.

Question 36

What was a result of the increasing contact between New Englanders and the Caribbean area?

A)Massachusetts Bay colony saw a decrease in the amount of goods exported directly to England.
B)Rhode Island outlawed lifelong slavery.
C)Anti-slavery views became more popular.
D)Boston merchants refused to engage in the slave trade.

Question 37

By the middle of the 17^th century New England and Barbados were dependent upon each other for trade, because

A)New England produced molasses that was necessary to the Barbados diet.
B)the forests in Barbados provided wood for goods produced in New England.
C)many New Englanders went to Barbados, since the relative ease of sugar cane production promised quick profits.
D)New England was able to supply Barbados with food and other necessities, thereby freeing up the labor force.

Question 38

Life in Barbados usually meant

A)an easy ride for indentured servants compared to their counterparts in Virginia.
B)a middle class existence with more rights than were enjoyed by the middle class in England.
C)an established planter-ruled society.
D)a diversified economy that produced a variety of exportable goods.

Question 39

By 1633 Spanish friars successfully established a mission in the Florida Panhandle, causing

A)increased tensions between friars, officials and Indians.
B)Apalachee Indians to unite in their desire to convert.
C)a decrease in inter-tribal warfare.
D)the Apalachee to become part of Florida's growing trade network.

Question 40

How did changes in England's governmental structure in 1660 affect the colonies?

A)The number of English colonists entering New Netherlands increased dramatically.
B)Charles II created a committee to monitor colonial affairs.
C)There was a temporary halt to the founding of new colonies.
D)The new English government relinquished more power to the colonies.

Question 41

England's motives for instituting the Navigation Acts of 1651 included:

A)to curtail colonial trade with the Dutch.
B)to give the colonists a trading advantage over other nations.
C)to reduce the amount of duties on certain goods such as tobacco.
D)to reduce piracy on the high seas, especially with the French.

Question 42

What was the purpose of the Articles of Capitulation?

A)They forbade the Dutch from practicing their religious beliefs in New York.
B)The Dutch were allowed to move freely within the English Empire.
C)They prevented the Dutch from reconquering New York.
D)The Dutch were forced to serve in the English military.

Question 43

The English occupation of New York

A)resulted in the repair of relations between the Dutch and English.
B)restricted the Dutch in their ability to continue their religious practices.
C)eventually created class and ethnic tensions.
D)forbade the intermarriage of Dutch with the English.

Question 44

As part of the strategy to control the colonies in New France, the French

A)increased their slaughter of the Iroquois.
B)curbed Iroquois raids by invading Mohawk territory and decimating their supplies.
C)created an alliance with the Mohawk, who were French supporters.
D)agreed to withdraw Jesuits from the area.

Question 45

One of the few goals proposed by Colbert that New France was able to achieve was

A)the colony became a large contributor to France's imperial economy.
B)New France established an economy that no longer relied mainly on the fur trade for support.
C)surpassing England in trade with the French West Indies.
D)increasing the number of native-born French Canadians.

Question 46

How did the French relationship with the Indians affect their position in North America?

A)The French were denied access to the interior land claimed by the Iroquois.
B)The French were unable to establish trading posts along a major waterway due to Iroquois resistance.
C)The French gained greater access to inland trade.
D)The French lacked the necessary outposts needed to guard western access.

Question 47

Up to the 1650s, the expansion of African slavery in the Chesapeake area was a gradual process due to

A)the decline in the numbers of available slaves because of internal warring among African nations.
B)the decline of trade with West Indies' planters.
C)a plentiful supply of indentured servants.
D)the fact that African slavers did not want to deal with the English laws of slavery practiced in the Chesapeake region.

Question 48

Virginian laws regarding indentured servitude that were enacted during the 1660s

A)always followed the English common law.
B)differed from English common law in that they allowed slaves who were Christianized the ability to sue for their freedom.
C)had a negative effect on enslaved fathers.
D)immediately increased the number of slaves purchased due to the weakening of restrictive legislation.

Question 49

As a result of Bacon's Rebellion,

A)Governor Berkeley gained enormous respect from Charles II for the way he handled the situation.
B)the threat of Indian attacks was diminished.
C)white supremacy tactics temporarily lost ground.
D)there was a decrease in the numbers of African slaves purchased due to fear of black population growth.

Question 50

What was one of the most unusual traits of Carolina's slave trafficking?

A)Most slaves came from Barbados.
B)There were no laws regarding the treatment of slaves.
C)It included Indians both as traffickers and as a commodity.
D)It created an acceptance of West African culture.

Question 51

New England colonists became increasingly concerned over their relationship with England during the mid-17^th century, partly because of

A)their vague legal standing following the English Civil War.
B)political support of Quakers who were despised in England.
C)increasing suspicions over English power arrangements.
D)the Indians' petition to Charles II for the continued support of the Massachusetts government.

Question 52

King Philip's War of 1675-76 had its roots in

A)The desire of the colonists to share land only with the Algonquians resulting in inter-tribal jealousies.
B)The inability of the Algonquians to pay their debts.
C)The refusal of the Indians to adapt pig raising as a means of providing food to their tribes.
D)Metacom's insistence that the Indians remain adversaries of the colonists.

Question 53

____________________ created multiple problems for American Indians, including the question of who had the right to govern them.

A)King William's War
B)Dominion of Virginia
C)James II
D)Nathaniel Baconans

Question 54

The Pueblo War for Independence in New Mexico during the 1680s

A)most likely was a result of the Spanish cracking down on Pueblo rituals.
B)would have succeeded if the Pueblo allied themselves with another Indian group.
C)occurred due to Pueblo desire for independence from the Navajo nation.
D)resulted in the Spanish tempering their treatment of the Pueblo, especially the women.

Question 55

As leader of the Pueblo, Popé claimed

A)the Pueblo could end their suffering if they converted.
B)that monogamy should be practiced by the Pueblo as a way of solidifying family relations.
C)the adoption of Christian names would increase their chances of eternal salvation.
D)the Pueblo had to regain favor of the gods by returning to the old ways.

Question 56

Ultimately, the legacy of Popé included the

A)expulsion of friars from New Mexico.
B)Spanish releasing the Pueblo and other Indians in New Mexico from Spanish rule.
C)surrender by the Pueblo, who were forced to turn to other tribes for protection.
D)rejection of all Spanish influence by the Pueblo.

Question 57

Quakers who were lured to Pennsylvania during the late 17^th century

A)fought to end African enslavement.
B)came only from England.
C)usually settled in areas populated by other religious groups.
D)settled in Philadelphia because of its scarcity of population.

Question 58

William Penn was instrumental in

A)keeping Philadelphia from becoming an overcrowded urban center.
B)recruiting single men to fulfill positions of Delaware River merchants.
C)banishing slavery and the slave trade from Pennsylvania.
D)establishing amicable relations with the Delaware Indians.

Question 59

By creating the Dominion of New England, James II

A)increased colonial unity.
B)gave each colony its own governor.
C)abolished the practice of paying ministers with taxes.
D)created an inter-colonial militia.

Question 60

As a result of King William's War

A)divisions between the Iroquois were widened.
B)very few colonists chose to supportWilliam and Mary.
C)the Dutch lost power in New York.
D)Iroquois and English relations improved.

Question 61

Identify who, what, where, when and/or why the following are important:
1. Mourning war
2. Oliver Cromwell
3. New Model Army
4. Society of Friends
5. Navigation Acts of 1651
6. King William's War
7. Jean Baptiste Colbert
8. Bacon's Rebellion
9. New England Company
10. jeremiads

Question 62

Between 1640 and 1660 the _______________ were a way for Indians to defend their hunting grounds.

A)Beaver Wars
B)Mourning Wars
C)Huron Captivities
D)Great Lakes Wars

Question 63

As a result of increased conflicts and crises in North American during the mid-17^th century

A)France and England became the dominant European powers in North America.
B)relations between the colonists and Indians had resolved.
C)laws affecting illegitimate children were relaxed.
D)colonists relied more than ever on English immigration .

Question 64

The English civil wars during the 1640s

A)had almost no consequences for the colonists.
B)were connected to the witchcraft scare in North America.
C)resulted in the reaffirmation of Charles I as the supreme leader.
D)led to an increase in English ministers coming to the colonies.

Question 65

What conclusion did the English draw from King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion?

A)The colonists could handle themselves in internal disputes.
B)They needed tighter control over the colonies.
C)The Anglican Church needed to exert more control over the colonial clergy.
D)The Indians could never be subdued and therefore alliances with them were not possible in the future.

Question 66

The coronation of William and Mary created violence in both America and Europe, and

A)colonists loyal to the monarchy sought to return to England and join the revolt.
B)colonists successfully invaded Canada resulting in large scale Catholic conversions.
C)it accelerated the acceptance of women as equal partners.
D)it created confusion over who had the right to govern in Massachusetts.

Question 67

Which British colony had the highest concentration of African Americans?

A)Maryland
B)Virginia
C)West Indies
D)Carolina

Question 68

What was the key to economic development in the New England colonies?

A)Shipbuilding and fishing
B)Ironworks industry
C)Slave trade
D)Tobacco

Question 69

Which of the following statements best describes England's domination of New York during the 1680s?

A)Political divisions in the colony were diminished.
B)The English imposed their laws of government on the Dutch.
C)Dutch merchants did not easily integrate into British society.
D)The English minority was unable to gain control of the representative assembly.

Question 70

The ______________ were guided by an "inner light" which was the ability to determine what God wanted for them and for the world.

A)Cotton Mather
B)William Penn
C)Roger Bacon
D)Edmund Andros

Question 71

How were the Europeans able to conquer most Indian tribes during the 17^th century?

Question 72

What factors increased the colonists' desire for African slaves during the 17^th century?

Question 73

How did Bacon's Rebellion ultimately affect Virginia?

Question 74

What part did the Puritans play in the English Civil War?

Question 75

How did the uprisings between Popé and Metacom differ?

Question 76

What factors accounted for the witchcraft scare of the late 17^th century?

Question 77

Although the English Civil War of 1640s occurred within the confines of England, its effects profoundly affected both sides of the Atlantic. Summarize the main events of the war, and analyze the war's influence on England and the American colonies.

Question 78

Explain how the Huron, Iroquois and Algonquin established relations with Europeans. What were the consequences of these relationships, both positive and negative?

Question 79

Identify who, what, where, when and/or why the following are important.
1. mercantilism
2. Robert Cavalier de LaSalle
3. Articles of Capitulation
4. Catherine/Kateri Tekakwitha
5. Cotton Mather
6. King Philips War
7. ducking
8. Mary Rowlandson
9. Glorious Revolution
10. Royal Society

Question 80

As a result of epidemics and Spanish demands for tribute and labor, the population of which group of Florida Indians had fallen from 30,000 to 10,000 by the mid-17th century?

A)Apache
B)Cherokee
C)Huron
D)Apalachee