Deck 20: An Age of Progressive Reform, 1890-1920

Question 1

The meeting of the International Council of Women that Jane Addams and Julia Lathrop attended in Paris in 1900 stressed

A)the responsibility of women to keep men away from liquor.
B)women's duty to earn a living wage.
C)the responsibility of women protect and educate society.
D)women's right to join the military.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Why were millions of people around the world unemployed and hungry around the turn-of-the-century?

A)economic depression
B)wide-ranging wars
C)a series of natural disasters
D)socialist oppression

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What inspired Roman Catholic social reformers at the turn-of-the-century in the United States, Europe, and Latin America?

A)the social gospel
B)Pope Leo XIII's Rerum novarum
C)the unification of Italy
D)the persecution of Catholics in the Russian Empire

Answer 3

B

Question 4

With city governments to buy political bosses, progressives rallied for "_______ government."

A)a socialist
B)less
C)good
D)more

Question 5

How did the Texas city of Galveston respond to the devastating hurricane of 1900?

A)It appealed to the federal government for construction of massive flood wall.
B)It moved the city's entire infrastructure 15 miles inland, with most of the move funded by donations.
C)The city never recovered from the storm and residents migrated to Houston and Corpus Christi.
D)The city replaced its government with a special commission of expert managers who took charge of various city departments.

Question 6

Why did so few city governments respond to the solutions proposed by the National Housing Association?

A)They were unwilling to invest tax money for public housing.
B)Most people in city government were convinced that no housing crisis existed.
C)City governments formed task forces that came up with smarter solutions.
D)Most mayors waited for state governments to step in and solve the problem.

Question 7

Which of the following was a uniquely American progressive reform movement?

A)workplace safety
B)playgrounds
C)public housing
D)women's suffrage

Question 8

American consumption of beer and malt liquor increased between 1880 and 1900 from

A)10 million gallons to 60 million.
B)50 million gallons to 200 million.
C)590 million gallons to 1.2 billion.
D)2 billion gallons to 4 billion.

Question 9

The goal of the Anti-Saloon League was to

A)ban German immigration.
B)protect traditional bars.
C)ban drinking nationwide.
D)Prohibit Asian beauty parlors.

Question 10

Homer Plessy argued before the Supreme Court in 1896 that the ___________ Amendment was violated by the forced segregation of streetcar passengers in Louisiana.

A)Thirteenth
B)Fourteenth
C)Fifteenth
D)Sixteenth

Question 11

What was Jane Addams' biggest flaw?

A)prejudices against African Americans
B)sexism
C)class bias
D)lack of faith in young people

Question 12

How did President Theodore Roosevelt aggravate racial tensions in 1906?

A)He publicly condoned the riots in Atlanta and invited the leader of the KKK to the White House.
B)He published a memoir in which he described African-American "Rough Riders" disparagingly.
C)He summarily discharged over 150 black soldiers over a disputed incident in Brownsville, Texas.
D)He awarded the medal of honor to an African-American soldier, thereby provoking nationwide anti-black riots.

Question 13

Booker T. Washington rose to national prominence as a leader of the African-American community by advocating

A)emigration.
B)economic development.
C)political engagement.
D)nonviolent civil disobedience.

Question 14

What made Ida B. Wells the target of white violence in 1892 and thereafter?

A)She demanded suffrage for black women.
B)She openly talked about white men raping black women.
C)She publicly revealed the horror of lynch mobs in the South.
D)She tried to run for office on the Republican ticket.

Question 15

What made the election of 1912 the pinnacle of the progressive era?

A)Women were allowed to vote for the first time.
B)Americans voted for the 19th amendment, prohibition.
C)Three progressive candidates vied for the presidency.
D)Federal observers secured black voting rights in the South for the first time.

Question 16

How did progressives try to refine the electorate?

A)through campaign-finance reform
B)by reducing the voting age to 18
C)through voter education
D)through ballot reform

Question 17

How did courts respond to Southern efforts at disenfranchising African-Americans around the turn-of-the-century?

A)State and federal courts upheld disfranchisement despite the blatant violation of civil rights.
B)They could not respond because no one challenged the legality of disfranchisement.
C)They upheld disfranchisement laws in state courts, but the Supreme Court declared them unconstitutional.
D)Local courts struck down disfranchisement laws but were unable to enforce the decision.

Question 18

President Theodore Roosevelt departed from other Gilded Age presidents by

A)using federal troops to crush strikers.
B)using the power of the state to mediate labor conflict.
C)playing federal troops against companies.
D)enforcing civil rights with the threat of police and military force.

Question 19

What compelled progressives to seek a middle way to guarantee justice for America's workers?

A)the shrinking power of corporations
B)the overbearing nature of the federal government
C)the appeals of the radical left
D)the threat of fascism

Question 20

How did the National Consumers' League try to improve the lives of workers?

A)They created co-op grocery stores in working-class neighborhoods.
B)They used the clout of buying power to effect change.
C)They recruited labor lawyers to negotiate better contracts.
D)They registered members of the working-class to vote.

Question 21

On what grounds did the Supreme Court of the United States strike down a New York law limiting the hours of bakers in Lochner v. New York?

A)right to contract
B)right of property
C)equal protection of the laws
D)due process

Question 22

How did President Roosevelt address the issue of monopolies?

A)He sued every big business in the nation.
B)He used the "bully pulpit" to attack big business.
C)He threatened big corporations, but received millions in donations from them in secret.
D)He praised monopolies as models of efficiency and a benefit to the consumer.

Question 23

What was the outcome of the federal case against Standard Oil?

A)After 10 years of litigation, the government lost the case.
B)The Justice Department won the case, and Standard Oil dissolved for good.
C)Standard Oil avoided a final verdict by moving its headquarters to the Bahamas.
D)The Supreme Court upheld the government's case against the company, but Standard continued to thrive.

Question 24

Who was the author of the influential novel The Jungle?

A)Frank Norris
B)Ida Tarbell
C)Jane Addams
D)Upton Sinclair

Question 25

By the turn of the 20th century, the country's once expensive forests had been reduced by as much as

A)30 percent
B)50 percent
C)65 percent
D)80 percent

Question 26

Why was it so difficult for the city of San Francisco to turn the Hetch Hetchy valley into a water reservoir?

A)The location turned out to be less than suitable for a dam.
B)Conservationists fought the city of San Francisco in court.
C)John Muir and the Sierra Club organized a campaign against the project.
D)President Theodore Roosevelt was vehemently opposed to the destruction of the valley.

Question 27

What made World War I the death knell of progressivism?

A)The blind bureaucracy of the selective service disillusioned Americans.
B)The violent resistance of socialists against the war effort made progressivism impossible.
C)President Wilson overreached when he boldly expanded federal power and the nation's global role in the war.
D)The destruction of the war forced Americans to focus on the basics of life rather than matters of political reform.

Question 28

One of the early casualties of the war was

A)freedom of religion.
B)the right to bear arms.
C)private property.
D)free speech.

Question 29

The leader of a new generation of suffragists in the 1910s was

A)Alice Paul.
B)Eleanor Roosevelt.
C)Jane Addams.
D)Margaret Sanger.

Question 30

Aside from the pressure suffragists exercised on politics, what else contributed to the passage of the 19th amendment?

A)Over 1 million women had labored in war industries.
B)Women had served bravely on the front lines in Europe.
C)Sobered by their war experiences, returning veterans realized the value and quality of women.
D)Women organizations have used their war time savings to push advocates of suffrage into political leadership.

Question 31

Why were Jane Addams and Julia Lathrop so interested in the "Social Economics Exhibit" at the international world's fair in Paris in 1900?

A)They wanted to see how other nations approached workers' housing.
B)They wanted to see the kitchen appliances commonly used in French households.
C)They were curious about the German model law for workmen's compensation.
D)There were interested in new technologies of the workplace.

Question 32

What propelled women into the public arena during the progressive era?

A)home economics
B)the defense of the household and children
C)stock market reform
D)currency politics

Question 33

By and large progressive reformers rejected

A)state authority.
B)the principles of capitalism.
C)unregulated markets.
D)science and technology.

Question 34

How did progressives view political developments abroad?

A)They had no interest in foreign affairs at all.
B)They eagerly sought advice from reformers around the world.
C)They approached progressives in Europe with condescension.
D)They were open to advice, but there were no progressive trends abroad.

Question 35

According to reformer Frederick C. Howe, what was the biggest challenge in the progressive era?

A)the city
B)the family
C)the countryside
D)foreign affairs

Question 36

Urban reformers formed national organizations such as the

A)Urban League.
B)NAACP.
C)National Municipal League.
D)IWW.

Question 37

The founder of the Committee of Congestion of Population in New York was

A)Frederick C. Howe.
B)Eleanor Roosevelt.
C)Florence Kelley.
D)Al Smith.

Question 38

In addition to the typical issues that concerned progressive reformers, black women's clubs also attacked

A)larceny.
B)lynching and segregation.
C)the minimum wage issue.
D)zoning laws.

Question 39

Who opposed the reform efforts of the National Child Labor Committee?

A)unions
B)parents
C)African-Americans
D)socialists

Question 40

Why did progressives push for a separate juvenile court system?

A)They were concerned about a new crime wave amongst youngsters.
B)They wanted to remove troublesome kids from public schools.
C)They feared that youthful offenders suffered the same harsh punishments as adults.
D)They wanted to relieve regular courts from their heavy caseload.

Question 41

Passed by Congress in 1910s, the Mann Act

A)outlawed the transport of women across state lines for "immoral purposes."
B)banned the interstate traffic with liquor "with the intent to sell."
C)banned smoking in public facilities for the sake of "children's welfare."
D)restricted Chinese immigration for the sake of "national integrity."

Question 42

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court upheld segregation as long as it was

A)practical.
B)separate but equal.
C)nonviolent.
D)discrete.

Question 43

What triggered the riots in Atlanta in September 1906?

A)rumors of a black man robbing a white-owned business
B)the sentencing of a white police officer for the shooting of a black man
C)the dismissal of a city clerk for racially insensitive comments
D)rumors of a black man's assault of a white woman

Question 44

W.E.B. Du Bois helped found the National Association for the advancement of Colored People in 1909 to

A)provide black businesses with technical assistance.
B)give college grants to African-American students.
C)fight white people.
D)advanced the cause of civil rights.

Question 45

Why did the British lectures of Ida B Wells prompt Memphis city leaders to condemn lynching?

A)They feared damage to their cotton exports to Britain.
B)They depended heavily on British imports.
C)They had been unaware of the lynching problem prior to these lectures.
D)The federal government thought the lectures an international embarrassment and put pressure on the city of Memphis.

Question 46

Which state came to epitomize progressive state politics?

A)Arizona
B)Wisconsin
C)Mississippi
D)Connecticut

Question 47

How did Southern white progressives excuse the practice of black disfranchisement?

A)They insisted that race had nothing to do with it.
B)They claimed that these reforms would reduce fraud.
C)They argued that restricting elections was a matter of fiscal responsibility.
D)They announced that they would let white women vote instead.

Question 48

In the year 1900, which nation led the world in strikes and lockouts?

A)Great Britain
B)Germany
C)the United States
D)France

Question 49

How did President Woodrow Wilson respond to the Ludlow massacre?

A)He called for the persecution of the National Guard officers in charge.
B)He declared a nationwide ban on the United Mine Workers.
C)He transferred the Ludlow mines into federal receivership.
D)He sent federal troops to restore order and end the strike activities.

Question 50

What did the "Wobblies" think of AFL leader Samuel Gompers?

A)They considered him a class collaborator.
B)They envied his success.
C)That admired his radicalism.
D)They feared his power.

Question 51

Which of the following nations failed to implement pension reform for elderly citizens during the progressive era?

A)the United States
B)France
C)Germany
D)Great Britain

Question 52

When did the United States pass the first law regulating child labor?

A)1892
B)1898
C)1912
D)1916

Question 53

Which of the following was one of the unintended consequences of the Muller v. Oregon decision of 1908?

A)Bakeries turned to immigrants for labor.
B)Female business owners lost customers.
C)Immigrant families lost the extra income their children provided.
D)Employers readily fired their female employees.

Question 54

The most hated company that the progressive era was

A)General Electric
B)Westinghouse
C)Standard Oil
D)Macy's

Question 55

What prompted former president Theodore Roosevelt to run again as a third-party candidate in 1912?

A)failures of the Wilson administration
B)creation of the Federal Reserve system
C)the looming crisis in Europe
D)blunders of the Taft administration

Question 56

Prior to the Sixteenth Amendment, the United States had a tax rate that was

A)remarkably high for the industrial world.
B)comparable to European nations.
C)one of the lowest in the industrial world.
D)the lowest in the Americas, but higher than European tax rates.

Question 57

In 1908 President Theodore Roosevelt declared the Grand Canyon a

A)National Monument.
B)National Park.
C)National Forest.
D)game preserve.

Question 58

How did Wisconsin's Robert La Follette respond to American involvement in World War I?

A)He resigned as Senator and enlisted in the draft.
B)He left politics and entered the profitable steel business.
C)He boldly condemned American involvement.
D)He returned to his home country of Germany.

Question 59

During World War I, how did the United States deal with "hyphenated Americans" whose loyalty was in doubt?

A)The military rounded them up in concentration camps.
B)The government launched a massive propaganda campaign.
C)The government stepped up civil protections of immigrants to assure them of the good intentions of the United States.
D)A short-lived secret police conducted routine surveillance of the leaders of immigrant communities.

Question 60

How did the United States Senate respond to the Treaty of Versailles?

A)It rejected it.
B)It approved it.
C)Wilson never submitted it for ratification.
D)It forced a number of amendments on the European allies.

Question 61

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. International Council of Women
2. Rerum Novarum
3. "good government"
4. Mann Act
5. The Birth of a Nation
6. direct primary
7. American Socialist Party
8. Welfare capitalism
9. Conservationists
10. "red scare"

Question 62

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of American progressives?

A)They believed in the power of political parties.
B)They tended to be more conservative than their European counterparts.
C)They advocated a government based on the Bible.
D)They distrusted technology.

Question 63

Progressives eliminated the old ward system of voting and replaced it with

A)primaries.
B)appointments.
C)term limits.
D)"at large" elections.

Question 64

How did the Supreme Court respond to the Keating Owen child labor act of 1916?

A)It affirmed it on the grounds that protected the civil liberties of a minority.
B)It refused to take on the case, arguing that no constitutional issue was at stake.
C)It sent the law back to Congress for amendment.
D)It struck down the law as an unconstitutional expansion of government regulation.

Question 65

How did the case of Plessy v. Ferguson originate?

A)Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the front of the bus in Alabama.
B)Ferguson tried to vote in an all-white Democratic primary in Mississippi.
C)Plessy deliberately challenged Louisiana's legal segregation on railroad cars.
D)The NAACP brought the case to court hoping to end segregation in schools.

Question 66

The "Bull Moose" Party was made up largely of

A)southern Democrats.
B)western landowners.
C)progressive Republicans.
D)the African-American middle class.

Question 67

Why did labor unions originally reject workers compensation reform during the progressive era?

A)They feared that they would lose their right to sue.
B)They did not want union members coddled by employers.
C)They worried that workers compensation would raise the cost of business.
D)They wanted the funds to go to them and have unions provide for workers.

Question 68

How did President Woodrow Wilson push the progressive agenda?

A)He expanded the power of the federal government to regulate business.
B)He introduced deep cuts in government spending to curb the deficit.
C)He nationalized the nation's major industries such as the coal industry.
D)He eliminated unnecessary bureaucracy and deregulated the marketplace.

Question 69

Conservationists like Theodore Roosevelt argued that natural resources should be

A)preserved.
B)sold for private use.
C)used but managed carefully.
D)sold to foreign investors.

Question 70

How did President Woodrow Wilson describe World War I?

A)the mother of all wars
B)a war to make the world safe for democracy
C)a crushing defeat for fascism
D)an arsenal for democracy

Question 71

How did male bystanders respond to the 1913 parade of the National American Women's Suffrage Association under the leadership of Alice Paul?

A)They were proud.
B)They were amused.
C)They assaulted the women.
D)they joined in the march.

Question 72

Describe a typical progressive.

Question 73

What did "good government" mean for progressives?

Question 74

What were the consequences of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

Question 75

What happened at Ludlow (CO) in 1914?

Question 76

How did the suffrage movement change in the 1910s?

Question 77

Discuss the nature of the "social problem" middle class reformers in the United States and other industrial societies tried to resolve.

Question 78

Compare and contrast the approaches of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. Who, in your opinion, was more progressive, and why?

Question 79

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
2. "separate but equal"
3. ballot reform
4. grandfather clause
5. anti-syndicalism laws
6. Brandeis Brief
7. Ida Tarbell
8. John Muir
9. Alice Paul
10. International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace

Question 80

Progressives generally believed in

A)monopoly.
B)individualism.
C)tradition.
D)efficiency.