Deck 2: Population and Health Geography

Question 1

Which of the following terms is defined as "the study of human populations"?

A) Fecundity
B) Population momentum
C) Population pyramid
D) Demography
E) Demographic transition

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Human geographers have suggested links between population growth and which of the following problems?

A) Migration
B) Famine
C) Disease
D) Environmental deterioration
E) All of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which key dimensions of distribution are typically looked at when examining the spatial distribution of population?

A) Concentration
B) Density
C) Pattern
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What does fecundity refer to?

A) The number of live births per year
B) The age structure of the population
C) The potential capability of a woman to conceive
D) The social attitudes toward abortion in a society
E) None of the above

Question 5

What does the term crude birth rate refer to?

A) Actual number of live births per 1,000 women
B) Total number of births in one year for every 100 people
C) Total number of births for every 1,500 people
D) Total number of live births in a given period for every 1,000 living people
E) Actual number of live births per 100 women in the fecund age

Question 6

Although the crude birth rate can be a very useful statistic, how can it be misleading?

A) Births are being related to that subset of the population that are able to conceive.
B) It uses five-year age groups.
C) Births are being related to the total population.
D) It excludes females under 15 and over 49.
E) It is an age-specific measure.

Question 7

The term fertility is used specifically to refer to which of the following?

A) The ability of a woman to conceive
B) The number of children born in the world each year
C) The actual number of live births produced by a woman
D) The average number of children a woman has during her fecund years
E) The number of children born in a country each year

Question 8

Approximately what was the crude birth rate for the world in 2017?

A) 0-25
B) 26-50
C) 51-75
D) 76-100
E) 101-125

Question 9

The measure of the average number of children that a woman of child-bearing age will have is referred to as which of the following?

A) Actual birth rate
B) Adjusted birth rate
C) Crude birth rate
D) Nuptial rate
E) Total fertility rate

Question 10

What is the key biological factor affecting fertility?

A) Low starch diet
B) Lack of nutrition
C) Late marriage
D) Age
E) Abnormalities

Question 11

The fertility decline that is happening today in the less developed world can best be described as which of the following?

A) Reproductive revolution
B) Fertility transition
C) Feminist initiative
D) Positivistic revolution
E) Demographic transition

Question 12

Why is the less developed world currently experiencing a decline in fertility?

A) Availability of effective contraception
B) Increase in family planning
C) Rise in social status among women
D) Better education among women
E) All the above

Question 13

Although abortion is a long-standing practice, it is still subject to widespread condemnation, usually on what grounds?

A) Moral grounds
B) Religious grounds
C) Health grounds
D) Political grounds
E) Both A and B

Question 14

Spatial variations in fertility today correspond closely to spatial variations in which of the following?

A) Population growth
B) Family planning
C) Mortality rates
D) Levels of economic development
E) Biological factors

Question 15

Since the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-eighteenth century, modernization and economic development have been linked to which of the following?

A) Lower levels of fertility
B) Variations in economic development
C) Empowerment of women
D) Higher mortality rates
E) Differences in religion

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main areas where population is highly concentrated?

A) East Asia
B) Northern Africa
C) South-Central Asia
D) Europe
E) All of the above

Question 17

Low life expectancy statistics are found in tropical countries of which region?

A) Africa
B) South and Southeast Asia
C) Australia
D) Central America
E) Both A and B

Question 18

How is the infant mortality rate best defined?

A) The number of deaths in the population aged 0 to 5 per 1,000 in that cohort
B) The number of deaths in the population aged 1 to 5 per 1,000 in that cohort
C) The number of babies that die within one year of birth per 1,000 live births
D) The number of babies that die within 28 days of birth per 1,000 live births
E) None of the above

Question 19

In which region in China does the majority of the population live?

A) Western
B) Eastern
C) Northern
D) Southern
E) North Western

Question 20

As of 2017, what is the most populous country?

A) India
B) United States
C) China
D) Indonesia
E) Brazil

Question 21

Between 2017 and 2050 the world population is expected to increase by approximately 2.3 billion. More than half of that increase is projected to come from which continent?

A) Asia
B) Africa
C) North America
D) South America
E) Europe

Question 22

Which of the following countries is projected to no longer be one of the 10 most populous countries by 2050?

A) Brazil
B) Mexico
C) United States
D) Nigeria
E) Ethiopia

Question 23

At which scale is population density most accurately measured?

A) Local
B) National
C) Regional
D) Global
E) None of the above

Question 24

Which of the following countries had the lowest rate of natural increase in 2017?

A) Syria
B) Japan
C) Russia
D) Germany
E) Belarus

Question 25

Because of population momentum, total world population continues to do which of the following?

A) Remain constant
B) Grow slowly
C) Decline slowly
D) Grow rapidly
E) Decline rapidly

Question 26

The countries with the lowest rates of natural increase tend to be located in which region?

A) Africa
B) North and South America
C) Southeast Asia
D) Europe
E) The Middle East

Question 27

The rate of natural increase (RNI) is determined by subtracting the CDR from the CBR. What does RNI measure?

A) The rate of mortality
B) The rate of population growth
C) Nuptial rate
D) The number of births at a given time
E) The total fertility rate

Question 28

What percentage of the world's population is concentrated in China and India?

A) 0-20 per cent
B) 21-40 per cent
C) 41-60 per cent
D) 61-80 per cent
E) 81-100 per cent

Question 29

Pro-natalist policies are in place in which of the following countries?

A) Italy
B) Iran
C) Israel
D) Russia
E) All of the above

Question 30

If the current 1.2 per cent population growth rate continues, approximately how many years would it take for the world population to double?

A) 0-25 years
B) 26-50 years
C) 51-75 years
D) 76-100 years
E) 101-125 years

Question 31

Which of the following terms refers to the maximum population that can be supported by a given set of resources and a given level of technology?

A) Momentum
B) Population pyramid
C) Carrying capacity
D) Theory of limits
E) Threshold pyramid

Question 32

Japan is encouraging a baby boom, as the government fears that an aging population, supported by fewer working people, would keep the country in what kind of state?

A) Depression
B) Boom
C) Prosperity
D) Permanent recession
E) Thriving economy

Question 33

What was the first country to actively intervene to reduce fertility, beginning in 1952?

A) Sri Lanka
B) China
C) Bangladesh
D) Thailand
E) India

Question 34

Much of China's success in reducing fertility can be attributed to which of the following?

A) Marriage was prohibited until the age of 28 for men and 25 for women.
B) Contraception, abortion, and sterilization were free.
C) Financial incentives were given to families with one child.
D) Families were restricted to having only one child.
E) All of the above

Question 35

What does a population pyramid depict?

A) Age composition
B) Socio-economic status
C) Sex composition
D) Health status
E) Both A and C

Question 36

Which of the following is a recent significant development in China's population?

A) Marked disparity in the sex ratio of children
B) High CDR
C) Declining fertility rate
D) Increasing rate of population growth
E) High fertility rates

Question 37

Approximately what proportion of the world's population is expected to be over the age of 65 by 2050?

A) 0-15 per cent
B) 16-30 per cent
C) 31-45 per cent
D) 46-60 per cent
E) 61-75 per cent

Question 38

As a consequence of the increasing life expectancy, the median age of the world's population is expected to increase from 30 years in 2015 to approximately what in 2050?

A) 31-40 years
B) 41-50 years
C) 51-60 years
D) 61-70 years
E) 71-80 years

Question 39

Which of the following was NOT one of the changes that allowed the human population to grow more rapidly about 12,000 years ago?

A) Evolution of speech
B) Use of footwear
C) Introduction to monogamy
D) Use of fire
E) Use of clothing

Question 40

The 2050 projection for Canada's population pyramid suggests which of the following?

A) A continuing low birth rate
B) An aging population
C) A rapidly increasing birth rate
D) A baby boom
E) Both A and B

Question 41

From about 1650 onwards, the world population increased rapidly in response to the second major cultural advance, known as which of the following revolutions?

A) The Reproductive Revolution
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The Agricultural Revolution
D) The Cultural Revolution
E) The Social Revolution

Question 42

Which was the first region of high population density that appeared about 9,000 years ago?

A) Indus valley
B) Tigris valley
C) Euphrates valley
D) Area stretching from Greece to Iran, including Egypt
E) Both B and C

Question 43

What is the cause of population aging?

A) Fewer younger people
B) Declining mortality
C) Declining fertility
D) Increasing life expectancy
E) All of the above

Question 44

Dramatic population increases since about 1650 reflect which of the following facts?

A) Death rates fell prior to birth rates.
B) Birth rates fell prior to death rates.
C) Death rates and birth rates have remained stable.
D) Death rates and birth rates have risen dramatically.
E) None of the above

Question 45

In which period did the world population reach 1 billion?

A) Early nineteenth century
B) Mid nineteenth century
C) Late nineteenth century
D) Early twentieth century
E) Mid twentieth century

Question 46

In which decade did the world population reach 6 billion?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s
E) 2000s

Question 47

The authors of which report argued that world population was likely to exceed world carrying capacity, leading to both a population and economic collapse?

A) The 1972 Club of Rome report
B) The 1979 Cecelski report
C) The 1979 Ridker report
D) The 1968 Ehrlich report
E) The 1975 United Nations report

Question 48

Neo-Malthusian theory is frequently used to explain population pressures in the less developed world, especially in which of the following countries/regions?

A) India
B) Japan
C) Botswana
D) Sub-Saharan Africa
E) Bangladesh

Question 49

Whose central concern was imbalance between population and food?

A) Thomas R. Malthus
B) Friedrich Ratzel
C) Charles Darwin
D) Alexander von Humboldt
E) Karl Marx

Question 50

Who wrote the book An Essay on the Principle of Population, which was first published in 1798?

A) Ester Boserup
B) Donella H. Meadows
C) Thomas R. Malthus
D) Paul Ehrlich
E) Karl Marx

Question 51

The demographic transition model accurately and simply describes the experience of which of the following regions?

A) The less developed world
B) East Asia
C) Sub-Saharan Africa
D) The middle east
E) The more developed world

Question 52

What occurs in stage IV of the demographic transition model?

A) Birth rates are high
B) Death rates are low
C) Birth rates are low
D) Death rates are high
E) Both B and C

Question 53

What are we most interested in when studying migration?

A) Distance moved
B) Time spent in the new location
C) Number of people involved
D) Cause of move
E) All of the above

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of migration?

A) Spatial movement of residence
B) A visit to a family or friend's house
C) Journey to work
D) Vacation across national boundaries
E) Seasonal movements of farm workers

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT one of the four typical push-pull categories of migration?

A) Economic
B) Political
C) Cultural
D) Behavioural
E) Environmental

Question 56

Which of the following is a "push" factor of migration?

A) Superior career prospects
B) Other family members
C) Preferable housing
D) Cultural discrimination
E) Improved personal growth opportunities

Question 57

Which of the following is a "pull" factor of migration?

A) Political oppression
B) Localized recession
C) Preferable medical care
D) Disaster
E) Limited career prospects

Question 58

Which of the following is a type of migration?

A) Primitive
B) Forced
C) Mass
D) Illegal
E) All the above

Question 59

Which of the following refers to a variant of forced migration in which the migrant has some voice in the decision-making process?

A) Compulsory migration
B) Primitive migration
C) Illegal migration
D) Impelled migration
E) Slave migration

Question 60

Approximately what percentage of people living in less developed countries would like to emigrate?

A) 15-25 per cent
B) 26-35 per cent
C) 36-45 per cent
D) 46-55 per cent
E) 56-65 per cent

Question 61

What is the name given to the controverisal American executive order, signed by President Donald Trump, that bans entry to the United States of citizens from Iran, Iraq, libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen?

A) The travellers ban
B) The immigration ban
C) The Muslim ban
D) The refugee ban
E) Travelling ban

Question 62

What do health geographers aim to understand?

A) Distribution and diffusion of disease
B) Risks of environmental contaminants
C) Socio-economic determinants of health
D) Uneven access to health care
E) All of the above

Question 63

Which of the following is defined as "a rapid increase of relatively short duration in the number of cases of a disease within a population"?

A) Pandemic
B) Degenerative or chronic disease
C) Doubling time
D) Epidemic
E) Mortality

Question 64

There has been a notable decrease in the number of deaths from AIDS and the United Nations believes the pandemic will be under control by 2030. Which factor(s) have contributed to this positive change?

A) Increasing education
B) Changing sexual behaviour
C) Increased availability of antiretroviral drugs
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above

Question 65

What is the first stage of the epidemiological transition called?

A) Age of degenerative diseases
B) Age of receding pandemics
C) Age of delayed degenerative diseases
D) Age of re-emergence of infectious diseases
E) Age of pestilence and famine

Question 66

In the nineteenth century, North America experienced three pandemics (in 1832, 1848, and 1866) of which disease?

A) Influenza
B) Cholera
C) Measles
D) Mumps
E) Chicken pox

Question 67

Which of the following terms is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being"?

A) Health
B) Health care
C) Epidemiology
D) Demography
E) Fecundity

Question 68

Which country in the more developed world has a health care system more akin to those in the less developed world in terms of universality?

A) Canada
B) Sweden
C) Norway
D) France
E) United States

Question 69

In Canada, which of the following group(s) commonly do not have access to a family doctor?

A) Immigrants
B) Urban poor
C) Indigenous populations
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 70

Much of the population increase today is occurring in the more developed world.

Question 71

A census is a periodic enumeration of all individuals and collection of demographic data in a given country.

Question 72

The most populous country in the European region is Germany.

Question 73

The most populous country in the world, as of 2017, is India.

Question 74

The country that is projected to have the largest population in 2050 is China.

Question 75

Bangladesh is the world's most densely populated country.

Question 76

All global changes in population size can be understood by reference to fertility and mortality.

Question 77

Female fecundity is the ability of a woman to conceive and have children.

Question 78

Generally, a total fertility rate of between 2.1 and 2.5 is considered appropriate to maintain a stable population.

Question 79

Measures of the crude birth rate (CDR) have typically ranged from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10.

Question 80

It is believed that with increasing industrialization, fertility increases.