Deck 6: Eating, Smoking, and Recreational Substance Use

Question 1

Eating is not ________.

A) essential for survival
B) important for bonding, especially for children
C) required for stress management
D) a source of concern in some cases

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Healthy diets contain ________.

A) saturated fatty acids
B) polyunsaturated fatty acids
C) sugar and salt
D) refined grains

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) does not depend on ________.

A) the age of the subject
B) the sex of the subject
C) the composition of the diet
D) the composition of the body

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 indicates that the subject is ________.

A) obese
B) not overweight if muscles are highly developed
C) not overweight if fat is dominant
D) underweight

Question 5

The body mass index value is meaningful ________.

A) only when eating patterns are considered
B) by itself
C) only when the physical appearance of the person is considered
D) in children and elderly subjects only

Question 6

According to the World Health Organization, ________ has been shown to be a greater contributor to poor health than malnutrition.

A) obesity
B) dieting
C) anorexia
D) binge eating

Question 7

Indigenous populations in Canada have developed higher obesity rates in the last generations, compared to the general population, due to ________.

A) reduction of physical activities
B) increased consumption of sugars
C) reduced availability of fresh fruits and vegetables
D) all the above

Question 8

Compared to subjects with normal body mass index (BMI) scores, ________ have a 7-fold higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

A) female subjects with a BMI greater than 30
B) male subjects with a BMI greater than 30
C) female subjects with a BMI lower than 30
D) male subjects with a BMI lower than 30

Question 9

Compared to subjects with normal body mass index (BMI) scores, ________ have a 12-fold higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

A) female subjects with a BMI greater than 30
B) male subjects with a BMI greater than 30
C) female subjects with a BMI lower than 30
D) male subjects with a BMI lower than 30

Question 10

In Canada, the lowest obesity rates are found in ________.

A) northern Quebec
B) northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan
C) the Maritimes
D) the Territories

Question 11

Compared to the general population, people with ________ have a 55 per cent greater risk of becoming obese.

A) depression
B) diabetes
C) hypertension
D) certain cancers

Question 12

Long-term weight loss maintenance can be facilitated through ________.

A) lifestyle change
B) development of coping skills
C) identification of individualized and realistic goals
D) all of the above

Question 13

"Weight cycling" does not contribute to the risk of ________.

A) cardiometabolic diseases
B) depression and anxiety
C) hypertension
D) type 1 diabetes

Question 14

People with anorexia nervosa can experience ________.

A) lower rates of depression and anxiety disorders
B) increased rates of fertility and maternity
C) enhanced bone growth
D) abnormalities in endocrine, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems

Question 15

Maladaptive eating behaviours are not associated with ________.

A) impulsiveness
B) stress
C) perfectionism
D) positive emotionality

Question 16

People with lower socio-economic status ________.

A) have a lower prevalence of obesity
B) are more likely to adhere to dietary guidelines
C) have higher levels of health literacy
D) are more likely to experience food insecurity

Question 17

A severe alcohol use disorder can be diagnosed with at least ________ out of 11 standard symptoms.

A) three
B) five
C) six
D) eight

Question 18

Heavy alcohol use ________.

A) refers to heavy drinking that brings blood alcohol levels to 0.80 g/dL on two or more days in the past month
B) affects more than half of people aged 18 or older in Canada
C) affects men more than women
D) refers to diagnosed alcoholism

Question 19

Alcohol abuse is not associated with ________.

A) higher risk for depression and anxiety
B) suicide
C) conduct problems, such as driving accidents and violence
D) brain cancer

Question 20

Despite all the efforts at prevention, ________ million Canadians still smoke today.

A) less than 2
B) between 2 and 4
C) between 4 and 6
D) more than 6

Question 21

________ is the number one cause of preventable death in the United States.

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Alcohol abuse
C) Malnutrition
D) Smoking

Question 22

In adolescence, ________ in the presence of peers decreases, leading to smoking and substance use.

A) risk-taking
B) reward-seeking
C) acceptance-seeking
D) regard for risks

Question 23

________ is a comprehensive measure developed by the World Health Organization to help health professionals assess and manage any substance-use issue in the primary-care setting.

A) The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
B) The Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Tool (ASSIST)
C) The CAGE Questionnaire Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID)
D) The Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs (BSTAD)

Question 24

The risk of ________ is a significant problem for 50 to 70 per cent of individuals with substance-use issues.

A) cardiovascular disease
B) infection
C) relapse
D) malnutrition

Question 25

________ provide positive reinforcers, such as vouchers that can be exchanged for goods when the client demonstrates a change in maladaptive substance-use behaviours, and that can be withheld if the patient does not engage in behavioural change goals.

A) Harm-reduction programs
B) Mindfulness-based interventions
C) Cognitive behavioural methods
D) Contingency management methods

Question 26

Briefly describe the behaviours and influences that may increase the risk of substance abuse in adolescents.

Question 27

Describe the role played by advertising in alcohol and/or smoking abuse, particularly for adolescents.

Question 28

Briefly describe the first step of the management of people with eating or substance abuse issues, from the health psychology standpoint.

Question 29

Describe the use and purpose of diaries during the assessment phase of treatment for people who present with maladaptive eating and substance-use behaviours.

Question 30

Identify two measures that have been validated for a primary-care setting in order to screen for potential eating issues.

Question 31

People with substance abuse issues are referred for psychological help by the legal system, for example. Briefly explain why this can be a problem for treatment and how it can be overcome.

Question 32

Describe one long-term concern that needs to be addressed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with people undergoing treatment for substance abuse.

Question 33

Outline how cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is implemented with people undergoing treatment for maladaptive eating behaviours.

Question 34

Identify three public health interventions that have been shown to be effective in preventing maladaptive eating behaviours.

Question 35

Identify three demonstrated advantages of supervised injection sites (SIS).

Question 36

Briefly summarize a standard therapeutic approach to substance and alcohol abuse.

Question 37

Compare and contrast the therapeutic approach to smoking cessation with that to treating substance abuse in general.

Question 38

Discuss how Internet and mobile technologies can impact treatment of substance abuse and eating disorders.

Question 39

Recreational marijuana use is now legal in Canada (within limits). Discuss the pros and cons of this nation-wide legalization.

Question 40

Discuss how culture can trigger maladaptive eating disorders.