Deck 5: Selecting the Appropriate Intervention Strategy

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the first steps in defining need?

A) Identifying the condition
B) Identifying the social problem
C) Proposing the solution
D) Determining social need

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the strategies to be considering when designing an intervention strategy?

A) Goals, objectives, and objectives
B) Determining the cost-benefit ratio
C) Monitoring and evaluation of the program
D) Design of the program

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The program planner is able to identify three of the steps of program planning process when they generate a program hypothesis. Which of the following is NOT one of those steps?

A) Identify meaningful objectives
B) Structure these objectives in a hierarchical series of statements
C) Create objectives that are a series of meaningful means-end statements
D) Identify areas with high concentrations of at-risk potential clients

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The text gives an example of the development of a program hypothesis to address infant mortality. The statements were assumptions that lead to If/Then statements. Which of the following is NOT an example of an If/Then statement that might be developed?

A) Then mothers should be compliant with medical orders
B) If we are able to locate high-risk mothers
C) Then we should see a reduction in infant mortality
D) If we can offer services that have been found to be effective

Question 5

Freeman and Sherwood (1965) described three ways in which programs developed strategies for program evaluation. Which of the following is NOT an example of their findings?

A) Program Directors hiring an evaluator at the end of the program
B) Evaluators asking for a copy of the program plan
C) Findings that the plan did not have measurable objectives
D) Program Directors should be required to be involved in the evaluation process

Question 6

Unemployment is an on-going social problem in many parts of the U.S. Which of the following would NOT be a factor of unemployment?

A) Our economy follows cycles of growth and decline
B) Structural and fractional factors will cause higher unemployment disparities in some regions
C) The welfare system in the US incentivizes people to not work
D) Inflation generally increases and unemployment declines,

Question 7

Intervening variables are a series of events which are the result of a preceding event and a precondition of the next. Which of the following is NOT an example of an intervening variable for infant mortality?

A) Improving the nutritional status of pregnant a pregnant woman
B) Offering educational services on the pregnancy to a pregnant woman
C) Complete a thorough intake which requires the pregnant woman to name the supposed father of the baby
D) Encouraging the pregnant woman to take childbirth classes

Question 8

Some "causes" of a social condition cannot be addressed the community level. Examples in the text do NOT include which of the following:

A) only national regulation can address the problem.
B) the knowledge and technology to change them are not available.
C) because the controls would not be socially or culturally acceptable.
D) many solutions are part of the society's political economy.

Question 9

What some may say are the solutions of unemployment, are really factors that are associated with why some people are unemployed in a community. Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of such factors?

A) Convincing a big employer in the area not to move production out of the country
B) Provide training to those who are unemployed
C) Providing tax incentives to hire the unemployed
D) Creating new jobs by attracting new business to the area

Question 10

A program hypothesis for unemployment which would be appropriate at the community level and written as an "If/Then" would include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) if we can identify the factors associated with an individual's unemployment.
B) then we can reduce the rate of unemployment in our community.
C) then we will be able to reduce the school dropout rate.
D) if we can provide the necessary incentives to give those who are unemployed the skills to become unemployed.

Question 11

To approach a solution at the local level, first a factual statement of the condition is prepared. The next three steps in the process include all EXCEPT which of the following:

A) A frame of reference is shaped by a value system of the group or individual
B) The interpretation and labeling becomes the stimulus and justification for action
C) A group or individual puts a "frame" around the condition
D) The "frame of reference" is based on the morality of the condition and does not change

Question 12

There are three parts to a statement of a social problem. Which of the following is NOT a part of a statement of a social problem?

A) The goals and objectives of the program
B) A qualitative statement
C) The justification for action statement
D) A quantitative statement

Question 13

The text uses the example of "Mothers Working in Marginal Jobs" to show how the program hypothesis is developed with an "If/Then" statement. Which of the following would NOT be used in the development of the program hypothesis?

A) Then they are likely to complete their training, secure and retain employment
B) If women in marginal jobs can acquire marketable skills
C) If women in marginal jobs have child care resources available
D) Then they can earn adequate income to secure better housing for themselves and their children.

Question 14

If we were concerned with the social problem of domestic violence, we would have to identify the "cause of violence" in our culture. Which of the following would likely NOT be one of the causes that is used to understand the primary, secondary, and tertiary consequences?

A) We learn to become violent through socialization
B) A psychoanalytic examination of the man who is violent
C) Our culture not only accepts but also approves of violence
D) Violence n sports, in the workplace and violence in the media

Question 15

The "If/Then" statements created for domestic violence might include all EXCEPT which of the following statements:

A) if a woman is vulnerable to domestic violence because her partner keeps her isolated from social support systems and networks.
B) if a woman who has been victimized by domestic violence because she is dependent on her partner for financial support, a jobs training program can increase her employability.
C) then she will be employed in a higher level position with adequate income.
D) then she will be able to pay an attorney to take her partner to court.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a part of the connections a program planner must make to develop an effectiveness-based program?

A) A community needs assessment to collect data on the problem
B) Service and consequences
C) Factors
D) Causes

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of setting goals and objectives?

A) Summarize the problem analysis
B) Needs assessment
C) Re-designed services
D) Components of the program hypothesis

Question 18

Program planners begin with the social problem analysis, move to the needs assessment, developing a program hypothesis and the next step would be which of the following:

A) examination of the existing program component data.
B) developing a cost/benefit analysis.
C) developing a hierarchical set of goals and objectives.
D) developing the evaluation plan.

Question 19

Patti (2000) emphasizes the increasing expectations that managers will measure organizational performance in a way that includes all EXCEPT which of the following:

A) is part of an on-going research to improve services.
B) is responsive to funding and policy bodies.
C) taking into account all available resources.
D) needs and preferences of the consumer.

Question 20

The linkage between means and ends that is specified in the working intervention hypothesis is critical in that it:

A) allows the administrator to determine whether a program is working as intended.
B) allows for increased client participation
C) determines whether the program was actually implemented as intended.
D) determines to what extent did we achieve the proposed results.

Question 21

Almost all social program planning involves complex factors. Program planners must identify these factors and use them in the development of a program hypothesis. These factors are called intervening variables.

Question 22

Most human service professionals would probably argue that because they are action oriented and not researchers, their primary concern is not to solve problems and not to test hypotheses.

Question 23

Effective program design is problem solving not a hypothesis-generating activity.

Question 24

The basis of "informed hunches" about program design is in the research literature that describes the etiology of the problem.

Question 25

Program evaluation cannot begin until the program has come to the end of its cycle.

Question 26

Program planning, design, and evaluation are tightly connected to each other in effective program planning.

Question 27

The concept of intervening variables denies the existence of multi-causal models in understanding the complex problems that human service workers encounter.

Question 28

The etiology of the social problem is not to identify the factors associated with the condition, but to focus on the solution.

Question 29

The shift in focus from large-scale national issues to local concerns is that it consciously recognizes root causes and determines them to be beyond the impact of local limitations, but translates the social problems into a framework that makes it manageable at the local level.

Question 30

Individuals or groups create a "frame of reference" around a social problem that is shaped by a value system.

Question 31

The labeling of a condition as a "social problem" provides a rationale for ___________ in the situation.

Question 32

The ______________ has provided the basis for the program hypothesis.

Question 33

A ___________should focus clearly and consistently on causes or factors associated with causes.

Question 34

The importance of determining what aspect of the problem has three foci: 1) ______________, 2) early intervention once the problem exists, and 3) attempting to ameliorate the consequences of the problem.

Question 35

____________statements (if-then, means-end) that explain not only what we will do but why we are doing it.

Question 36

"Relational statements explain not only what we will do but also why we are doing it. It is our rationale not only for taking action." Explain what this means in the context of program planning and give two examples of and if-then, means-end statements.

Question 37

The program hypothesis forms the basis for setting the goals and objectives from the program design. That allows the program planner to begin the framework for the program evaluation. Discuss and illustrate the steps a planner would take to move from the program hypothesis to goals and objectives and a framework for evaluation of a social problem of your choice.

Question 38

The "Program Hypothesis to Evaluation" system gives the planner the ability to link program data to cost data. As the evaluator for a program of your choice, describe, and illustrate how you make those linkages.