Deck 1: Introduction and Overview of White-Collar Crime

Question 1

The concept of white-collar crime was introduced to call attention to what fact?

A) Crimes committed in the workplace result in more losses than traditional crime like burglary.
B) Crimes are committed by individuals in all professions.
C) Crimes are committed by individuals of all social and economic classes.
D) Crimes are committed only by institutions.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How does white-collar crime differ from traditional crime?

A) has more victims than traditional crime
B) results in fewer losses than traditional property crime
C) does not have the potential to cause physical or emotional damage
D) is easier to uncover

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Why has there been little understanding of the nature of white-collar crime?

A) The number of victims affected has made collecting evidence of white-collar offending difficult.
B) There has not been enough research on white-collar offending.
C) Few white-collar crimes are discovered.
D) White-collar crime is treated in the same manner as traditional crime.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Bernie Madoff's crimes resulted in what major consequences for society?

A) loss of money for victims
B) demoralization costs
C) stricter policy enforcement in the workplace and by the government
D) increased media attention to this type of crime

Question 5

What role does one's job play in defining white-collar crime?

A) The crime is committed during the course of one's job.
B) The crime is committed to steal from the company or employer.
C) The offender's job is not related to the crime.
D) The offender's occupation requires working in a group.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a crime that would be classified as white-collar crime?

A) sexual assault of a student by a professor
B) an employee stealing money out of the cash register after his shift
C) a doctor performing unnecessary tests on a patient
D) a patient not paying a hospital bill

Question 7

Which research strategy involves reviewing official records, reports, and other documents in a study white-collar crime?

A) archival research
B) case studies
C) experiments
D) analysis

Question 8

Which groups are typically surveyed in a white-collar crime study?

A) justice officials
B) coworkers
C) a victim's neighbors
D) offender's previous employer

Question 9

What do white-collar crime surveys of victims reveal?

A) complaint patterns
B) easy targets
C) the magnitude of money lost
D) offenders' preferred type of victim

Question 10

Criminologist Sam Wheeler used which type of documents to gain insight into the dynamics of white-collar offenses and how offenders are sentenced in court?

A) media reports
B) case records
C) pre-sentencing reports
D) work history

Question 11

What did criminologist Michael Levi conclude after from his study of white-collar crime?

A) Cases of white-collar crime are used as entertainment stories in the media rather than taken seriously.
B) White-collar crime offenders are given more leniency in the courts compared to traditional criminals.
C) An "ethical work climate" leads to fewer white-collar crime offenses.
D) Structural changes in economic policies promote individual greed.

Question 12

What is an advantage to archival research?

A) allows researchers to study a bigger picture
B) gives researches access a large number of subjects
C) allows the researchers to study how well prevention policies are working
D) gives the researcher an inside view into white-collar crimes

Question 13

What is a common reason that a victim will not report a white-collar crime to the authorities?

A) belief there is not enough evidence
B) not being treated as a victim
C) having to deal with the media
D) fear of retaliation from the offender.

Question 14

What was founded in the 1990's as a response to the rarity of experimental study in the white-collar crime area?

A) The Journal of Experimental Criminology
B) The Academy of Experimental Criminology
C) The White-Collar Crime Experimental Database
D) The Journal of Research on White-Collar Crime

Question 15

What method of research did Frank Cullen use in the Ford Pinto Case when he determined that it was "social and legal changes" that made Ford Motor Company more susceptible to criminal intervention and prosecution?

A) case study
B) archival research
C) media reports
D) field research

Question 16

Which of the following contains three of five principles necessary to study white-collar crime from a scientific perspective?

A) objectivity, parsimony, reasoning
B) relativism, determinism, verifiability
C) parsimony, skepticism, relativism
D) verifiability, determinism, objectivity

Question 17

Why is it necessary to study white-collar crime from a scientific perspective?

A) to have it taken seriously in the criminal justice field
B) to identify patterns in white-collar crime and have them be widely accepted
C) to fully understand white-collar crime other than how it is portrayed in the media
D) to help law enforcement develop investigative procedures

Question 18

A researcher who spends one month as a department store sales person to anonymously observe and gather data on retail workplace behavior would be conducting what type of research?

A) case study
B) experiment
C) face-to-face interviews
D) field research

Question 19

What surprising conclusion did criminologists Benson and Moore come to about white-collar crime offenders?

A) Offenders are not so much motivated by greed.
B) Other employees often look the other way if they know their colleague is committing a crime.
C) Employers often do not take white-collar crime seriously and fail to implement strict prevention policies, making it easy and tempting for possible offenders.
D) Offenders often have a desire to be caught.

Question 20

Why is the principle of parsimony necessary in researching and studying white-collar crime?

A) so the concept of white-collar crime is not over extended in the media and by other criminologists.
B) to ensure that explanations and theories can be easily understood by not only the public, but by other scientists
C) allow effective prevention strategies can be developed and implemented in the work place as soon as possible
D) so that the criminal justice system can better understand the differences between white-collar crime and traditional crime.

Question 21

How does the political system differentiate from the regulatory system?

A) The political system describes the agencies that are charged with enforcing the laws written by the regulatory system
B) The political system writes and defines the laws and the regulatory system develops prevention policies
C) The regulatory system defines the rights of offenders and victims and the political system offers resources for justice and retribution for victims
D) The political system defines the laws and the regulatory system describes the agencies who enforce the laws

Question 22

Which system has changed how white-collar crime occurs?

A) social services system
B) religious system
C) technological system
D) economic system

Question 23

Changes in which system have led to direct changes in the criminal justice system?

A) technological system
B) educational system
C) occupational system
D) social system

Question 24

What is a potential role for students in white-collar crime?

A) current advocate for victims
B) future policy makers
C) current researchers
D) future investigative journalist

Question 25

Edwin Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation."

Question 26

Most white-collar crime offenders have some college education.

Question 27

White-collar crime results in far less loss than traditional crimes each year.

Question 28

By studying white-collar crime, we can learn about other types of crime.

Question 29

Archival research on white-collar crime can provide insight into the culture at a given time.

Question 30

Ever since the founding of the Academy of Experimental Criminology, experiments have been used on a regular basis to study white-collar crime.

Question 31

When white-collar crime offenders are demonized in the media it makes it difficult to develop efficient prevention strategies.

Question 32

Relativism, meaning all things are related, focuses on explaining the causes of white-collar crime.

Question 33

The occupational system includes businesses and corporations that carry out business activity as part of the capitalist system. White-collar crime is found in all levels.

Question 34

Most students have been the victim of white-collar crime at some point in the past.

Question 35

Explain the three criteria points for defining white-collar crime in the workplace that separate the crime from traditional crime.

Question 36

Explain and describe three of the six reasons to study white-collar crime

Question 37

Name the four groups that are typically targeted in white-collar crime surveys and explain the goal of surveying one of the four groups.

Question 38

Explain the consequences of the media failing to remain objective when it comes to white-collar crime.

Question 39

Explain the difference between the regulatory system and the criminal and civil justice systems

Question 40

Discuss the distinguishing factors of white-collar crime.

Question 41

Discuss the reasons why white-collar crime should be studied.

Question 42

Discuss two methods of research and how they apply to white-collar crime.