Deck 5: Generalizability and Sampling

Question 1

Periodicity occurs in which type of sampling design?

A) simple random
B) systematic random
C) stratified random
D) multistage cluster

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A researcher studying small town religiosity in the United States randomly selected 10 states. From these states, he randomly selected one tenth of all counties. From these counties, he randomly selected one tenth of cities with populations smaller than 10,000. From these towns, he obtained lists of all houses of worship and randomly selected three. From these, he selected ten practitioners to be interviewed. In this example, states and counties are examples of ______.

A) clusters
B) populations
C) sampling
D) systematic bias

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is a means for generating a random sample?

A) stopping the first people you meet on the street
B) flipping a coin
C) selecting a specific representative
D) conducting focus groups

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about each sample element in a purposive sample?

A) They are randomly selected.
B) They are selected for a purpose.
C) They are a subset of a larger population.
D) They are necessary to meet a quota.

Question 5

Individual members of a sample are referred to as ______.

A) elements
B) sampling frame
C) a population
D) sampling unit

Question 6

Sample ______ is determined by the amount of ______.

A) generalizability; sampling error
B) validity; generalizability
C) findings; validity
D) quotas; sampling units

Question 7

When you study an entire population of interest, rather than drawing a sample, you are conducting a ______.

A) survey
B) census
C) system review
D) representative Sample

Question 8

People who are selected but do not participate in a study are referred to as ______.

A) the sample
B) probability targets
C) the probability of selection
D) non-respondents

Question 9

When a sample has an underrepresentation of certain population characteristics because of the method used to select the sample, this is known as ______.

A) a probability sample
B) a random sample
C) a sampling error
D) systematic bias

Question 10

______ are used to calculate ______.

A) Inferential statistics; sampling error
B) Random samples; populations
C) Disproportionate stratified sampling; clusters
D) Population parameters; elements

Question 11

Nonprobability samples are used in which type of research?

A) quantitative
B) qualitative
C) mixed methods
D) internet based

Question 12

What is a tool for gathering generalizable data?

A) sampling
B) analysis
C) inferential statistics
D) nonprobability methods

Question 13

______ sampling methods rely on random selection procedures, such as flipping a coin.

A) Probability
B) Census
C) Target
D) Population

Question 14

Dr. Wong is studying the frequency of binge drinking on a college. She interviews a sample of students about their alcohol consumption and generalizes the results. What is the target population for her study?

A) the complete student body on campus
B) the set of students interviewed
C) college students across the country
D) students who consume alcohol

Question 15

Which research technique would make it unnecessary to draw a sample?

A) census
B) survey
C) interviews
D) representative sample

Question 16

Generating a set of individuals that give us a valid picture of all such individuals is known as ______.

A) generalizing
B) nonprobability error
C) sampling
D) replication

Question 17

Using known information known about a total population before sampling is known as ______.

A) stratified random sampling
B) random digit dialing
C) sampling
D) generalizability

Question 18

When a sequence of elements to be sampled varies in some regular way it is referred to as ______.

A) a sampling interval
B) stratified random sampling
C) periodicity
D) proportionate sampling

Question 19

When would nonprobability sampling methods most likely be preferred?

A) with internet-based research
B) after probability sampling has been completed
C) in quantitative research
D) when generalizability is of little concern

Question 20

High sampling error indicates high levels of generalizability.

Question 21

Sample generalizability depends on the amount of sampling error in order to determine the quality of the sample.

Question 22

Quota sampling is a nonprobability method intended to overcome a flaw of availability sampling in which the sample will just consist of whoever or whatever is available.

Question 23

Not all probability sampling methods use random sampling.

Question 24

If all the elements that would be sampled are identical, sampling would be unnecessary.

Question 25

Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic random sampling are the four most common methods for drawing random samples.

Question 26

Conducting a census of the entire population of interest can eliminate the issue of generalizability.

Question 27

What is the logic of inferential statistics? Why are inferential statistics relevant for social research?

Question 28

In social research, what is the importance of sampling? When is sampling unnecessary?

Question 29

Describe how you would select a sample of students from your college, using random sampling techniques. What are the benefits of your technique? What are the challenges?