Deck 32: Disordered System Functions

Question 1

Physiological systems are dependent on food intake in the following ways, EXCEPT:

A) Thyroid function on iodised salt where iodine-rich aquatic foods are unavailable.
B) Insulin action on food patterns with a low glycaemic load.
C) Avoidance of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) for optimal immune function.
D) Veganism in sunlight avoiders for optimal immune function.
E) In people on highly refined diets, a greater need for physical activity to reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Dietary guidelines to avoid dysfunctional bodily systems include the following, EXCEPT:

A) Agreement among those relevant for energy balance, hormonal regulation, immune function and cell turnover.
B) Energy intake which enables regular aerobic and resistance physical activity.
C) Favour dietary diversity over staple food consumption.
D) Discourage legume, bean and lentil consumption.
E) Minimise the use of highly processed food.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements about diabetes and its development is FALSE?

A) Prevalence and incidence of diabetes have increased globally particularly in association with economic transition.
B) A healthy diet and being physically active can prevent type 2 diabetes and even reverse it.
C) People with diabetes need to follow a restricted diet with low GI foods only.
D) Short sleep duration and disruptions to circadian rhythms could contribute to the development of insulin resistance.
E) Its long-term complications involving blood vessels include neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The following are important proximate risk factors for CVDs and diabetes, EXCEPT:

A) high intake of energy-dense foods
B) lack of a biodiverse dietary pattern
C) abdominal overfatness
D) physical inactivity
E) personal insecurity

Question 5

Interactions between the body systems and external inputs can be seen in the following situations, EXCEPT:

A) Use of low GI foods to control blood glucose concentrations.
B) Re-emergence of iodine deficiency partly due to the reduction in table salt use.
C) Enhancement of immune function with sunlight exposure.
D) Use of vitamin A acid (retinoic acid) for the treatment of acne.
E) Lower prevalence of depression in neighbourhoods with more walkability.

Question 6

The following dietary and personal behaviour factors can increase cancer susceptibility, EXCEPT:

A) higher alcohol consumption
B) higher intake of red and processed meat
C) lower fruit and vegetable intake
D) overfatness or obesity
E) too little fluid intake

Question 7

Effects of nutrition on the immune system can be seen in the following situations, EXCEPT:

A) Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major cause of immunodeficiency.
B) Requirements of protein & amino acid are increased during acute & chronic infections.
C) Antioxidant vitamins are essential to the body's defence against infection or in response to tissue damage.
D) Changes in the ratio of n-6: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can influence the inflammatory responses.
E) Probiotics have been shown to enhance the host's resistance against infection.

Question 8

The body's immune defence can be enhanced by the following factors, EXCEPT:

A) quality and uninterrupted sleep every day
B) being physically active
C) limited sedentary behaviour
D) increased sunlight exposure
E) taking multivitamin supplements

Question 9

Dysbiosis (homeostasis disruption between gut microbiota and host) may be attributed to the following, EXCEPT:

A) use of oral antibiotics
B) high protein supplementation
C) switching to a vegetarian diet
D) binge consumption of alcohol
E) cigarette smoking

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the prevention and the management of diabetes is FALSE?

A) Strategies for diabetes prevention are similar to those for diabetes management.
B) Meals or diets with low glycaemic load are encouraged for the prevention and management of diabetes.
C) People with diabetes are advised to exclude sucrose (refined sugar) and fructose (sugar from fruit) from their diet and use low-energy (non-nutritive) sweeteners instead.
D) People with diabetes are encouraged to lose body fat because it can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of disease progression.
E) People with diabetes or that are at risk of diabetes should be at least moderately physically active.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cancer prevention and the management of patients with cancer is FALSE?

A) Diet for the management of patients with cancer may differ from those for cancer prevention.
B) In cancer patients, a loss of appetite may occur as a result of cancer itself or a side effect of its treatments.
C) Energy-dense foods are discouraged for cancer prevention, but they are sometimes necessary for some cancer patients.
D) For cancer prevention, dietary supplements are highly recommended.
E) For cancer prevention, it is best not to drink alcohol.

Question 12

Explain why high fibre diets can be useful for the management of diabetes.

Question 13

assist with lipid control32.13 Complications of diabetes include neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. What is the common underlying mechanism that leads to the occurrence of these complications?

Question 14

14 Iodine deficiency can cause goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland), but goitre is not necessarily caused by iodine deficiency. What else (list 2) can be other causes of goitre?

Question 15

The recommendations by the World Cancer Research Fund

Question 16

Dysfunction of which body system