Deck 4: Community Corrections

Question 1

When it comes to sentencing, a ______________ practice is not deemed to be in the best interests of either the offender or society.

A) "one size fits all"
B) "three strikes and you're out"
C) "tough love"
D) "hit them where it hurts"

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Approximately how much does a bed cost in a maximum-security prison?

A) $30,000
B) $40,000
C) $50,000
D) $60,000

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Probation is a(n) ___________ invention.

A) American
B) English
C) Irish
D) Australian

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The 51^st Psalm was used in exchange for leniency from ecclesiastical (church) judges and was also known as what?

A) The death verse
B) The last chance verse
C) The saving grace verse
D) The neck verse

Question 5

In the service brokerage approach, the probation officer is viewed as a what?

A) "public liaison"
B) "community resource manager"
C) "behavioral technician"
D) "offender's coach"

Question 6

The offender's prior criminal history, history on relationship with family and the family's personal assessment of offender, educational history, information on physical and mental health, drug addiction history, risk assessment, and recommendations are all included in a probation officer's _________.

A) pretrial offender interview
B) first hearing notes
C) post-trial letter of recommendation
D) presentence investigation report

Question 7

"A style of communication that makes it more likely that offenders will listen, will be engaged in the process, and will be more ready to make changes" is called __________,

A) motivational talking
B) incentives interviewing
C) compromising
D) motivational interviewing

Question 8

Because revocation of probation involves a "loss of liberty" for the probationer, the court must adhere to certain procedures under the due process clause of which Constitutional Amendment?

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Eighth
D) Fourteenth

Question 9

Because the parolee has __________, his or her parole status can be easily revoked if he or she fails to comply with the conditions set forth in the parole contract.

A) "inmate status"
B) "convict status"
C) "felon status"
D) "prisoner status"

Question 10

Alexander Maconochie's philosophy of punishment was based on what?

A) Torturing the individual criminal
B) Reforming the individual criminal
C) Deterrence
D) An eye for an eye

Question 11

Maconochie and Crofton both needed what to satisfy the needs of their parole systems?

A) Financing
B) Government support
C) Indeterminate sentences
D) Help from the church

Question 12

The first good-time system was credited to whom?

A) Walter Crofton
B) Zebulon Brockway
C) Alexander Maconochie
D) John Augustus

Question 13

Most jurisdictions provide for _________ members on their parole boards.

A) 2-3
B) 4-5
C) 5-7
D) 7-9

Question 14

How many ways are there in which all prisoners can obtain their release?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 15

The _____________ is a risk assessment tool by which a number is computed that determines the probability a parolee will succeed on parole.

A) Salient Factor Score
B) Reoffending Propensity Score
C) Predictive Recidivism Score
D) Future Criminality Assessment Score

Question 16

Parole is said to be granted on how many principles?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 17

Which of the following is not included in a pre-release investigation report?

A) Offense that led to inmate's incarceration
B) Length of sentence spent in prison
C) Where inmate will reside upon release from prison
D) Employment status

Question 18

Since the _______, with the tougher attitude toward crime and the accompanying shift in emphasis from rehabilitation to incarceration and punishment, the law enforcement role of parole officers has taken precedence.

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 19

The first formal recommendation for the creation of a halfway house in the United States was made in 1817 in what state?

A) New York
B) New Jersey
C) Massachusetts
D) Pennsylvania

Question 20

Furloughs originated in 1918 in what state?

A) Alabama
B) Mississippi
C) Georgia
D) Arkansas

Question 21

The Willie Horton furlough incident was used as material for what presidential campaign?

A) 1988
B) 1992
C) 1996
D) 2000

Question 22

In 1975, what state was the first to abolish parole?

A) Iowa
B) Texas
C) Maine
D) Maryland

Question 23

The most common offense for those on probation were what?

A) Burglaries and robberies
B) Property and drug crimes
C) Assaults and batteries
D) Fraud and embezzlement

Question 24

According to the text, the emphasis on ________ is what is pertinent about intermediate punishments.

A) "just deserts"
B) deterrence
C) rehabilitation
D) punishment

Question 25

Parole refers to the release of convicted offenders into the community under a conditional suspended sentence, avoiding imprisonment.

Question 26

John Augustus is regarded as the patriarch of American probation and was also America's first paid probation officer.

Question 27

The presentence investigation report (PSI) includes information on the offense committed, the offender's prior criminal history, history on relationship with family and the family's personal assessment of offender, educational history, information on physical and mental health, drug addiction history, risk assessment, and recommendations.

Question 28

Using an evidence-based approach, the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) suggests a case-to-staff ratio of 20:1 for intensive supervision, 50:1 for medium supervision, and 200:1 for minimum supervision.

Question 29

In 1840, Walter Crofton was appointed superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island, located 900 miles off the coast of Australia.

Question 30

What are the differences between probation and parole? What are the most important functions of each?

Question 31

Identify three important cases associated with probationer and parolee rights. What is the significance of each case?

Question 32

What is the relationship between indeterminate sentencing and parole?

Question 33

What is a presentence investigation (PSI)? Who prepares the PSI?

Question 34

Describe the different types of parole boards. Are parole board members experts in the field of corrections?

Question 35

What are the major reasons for the revocation of probation? What are the major reasons for the revocation of parole?

Question 36

What correctional activities are included in the term "intermediate sentencing"?

Question 37

Are boot camp prisons successful? What problems can you see with them?

Question 38

What is meant by net-widening? How does community corrections contribute to this problem?

Question 39

Ethics Focus: Should Parole Be Abolished?
The case of Robert "Mudman" Simon exemplifies why many favor abolishing parole. Simon was the leader of the infamous Warlocks motorcycle gang. Simon was convicted of the second-degree murder of his girlfriend in 1982. Evidence presented indicated that he wanted his girlfriend to submit to having sex with other members of his motorcycle gang. When she refused, he pulled a gun and shot her in the head. He received a 10−20 year sentence to be served in Grateford Prison, a maximum-security facility in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole granted his release in 1995. As part of the condition of his release, he was ordered to have no contact with the Warlocks. However, once he was released he moved to Williamstown, New Jersey, an area known for motorcycle gang activity. On May 6, 1995, Franklin Township police Sergeant Ippolito "Lee" Gonzalez pulled Simon and an associate over for a minor traffic violation. Simon shot Gonzalez twice in the head and once in the neck. Gonzalez died at the scene. Simon was quickly apprehended, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to death.
-Why do you think it is appropriate to abolish parole?

Question 40

Ethics Focus: Should Parole Be Abolished?
The case of Robert "Mudman" Simon exemplifies why many favor abolishing parole. Simon was the leader of the infamous Warlocks motorcycle gang. Simon was convicted of the second-degree murder of his girlfriend in 1982. Evidence presented indicated that he wanted his girlfriend to submit to having sex with other members of his motorcycle gang. When she refused, he pulled a gun and shot her in the head. He received a 10−20 year sentence to be served in Grateford Prison, a maximum-security facility in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole granted his release in 1995. As part of the condition of his release, he was ordered to have no contact with the Warlocks. However, once he was released he moved to Williamstown, New Jersey, an area known for motorcycle gang activity. On May 6, 1995, Franklin Township police Sergeant Ippolito "Lee" Gonzalez pulled Simon and an associate over for a minor traffic violation. Simon shot Gonzalez twice in the head and once in the neck. Gonzalez died at the scene. Simon was quickly apprehended, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to death.
-Why do you think it is inappropriate to abolish parole?

Question 41

Ethics Focus: Should Parole Be Abolished?
The case of Robert "Mudman" Simon exemplifies why many favor abolishing parole. Simon was the leader of the infamous Warlocks motorcycle gang. Simon was convicted of the second-degree murder of his girlfriend in 1982. Evidence presented indicated that he wanted his girlfriend to submit to having sex with other members of his motorcycle gang. When she refused, he pulled a gun and shot her in the head. He received a 10−20 year sentence to be served in Grateford Prison, a maximum-security facility in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole granted his release in 1995. As part of the condition of his release, he was ordered to have no contact with the Warlocks. However, once he was released he moved to Williamstown, New Jersey, an area known for motorcycle gang activity. On May 6, 1995, Franklin Township police Sergeant Ippolito "Lee" Gonzalez pulled Simon and an associate over for a minor traffic violation. Simon shot Gonzalez twice in the head and once in the neck. Gonzalez died at the scene. Simon was quickly apprehended, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to death.
-If parole were to be abolished, what are some of the potential unintended consequences of such a policy?