Deck 5: Moving Toward, Away From, and Against Others: Karen Horney

Question 1

Horney's theory emphasizes

A) parent-child interactions
B) repressed attraction to the opposite sex parent
C) present relationships with siblings
D) long term sibling relations

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Horney was

A) Canadian
B) Austrian
C) part Norwegian
D) part Indian (from India)

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Horney's father was a

A) preacher
B) sea captain
C) professor
D) school teacher

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Horney's feelings toward her father were

A) warm
B) negative
C) characterized by indifference
D) mixed

Question 5

Horney's maternal grandmother

A) raised her
B) may have been her educational role model
C) was Karen's mother Sonni's real mother, not her stepmother

Question 6

Horney was

A) a slow learner until college
B) a beauty
C) rather plain, she thought
D) a tomboy to the extreme

Question 7

Horney was aided by

A) her father's support for her educational endeavors
B) grandmother Minna's generous financial support
C) her younger sister's willingness to be a role model
D) an era in Europe during which women could seek a higher education

Question 8

During her medical training, Horney suffered from

A) depression
B) asthma
C) inattention from men
D) rickets

Question 9

During her first semester in medical school, Horney met

A) a young woman who became her role model
B) with academic difficulties
C) Oscar Horney
D) was elected president of an all male organization

Question 10

During medical school Horney

A) adopted Dr. Karl Abraham, a psychoanalyst, as her mentor
B) had a series of affairs
C) became violently ill frequently
D) had several conflicts with male students

Question 11

Which of the following was true of Horney during her medical training?

A) She received help with the children from her husband, unusual for the day.
B) She worked as a research assistant and was able to hire a nanny for the children.
C) She tried to balance mother, homemaker, and medical student.
D) She suffered a nervous breakdown and had to drop out of medical school for a time.

Question 12

All except one of the following were true of Horney as she completed her medical training and migrated to the United States. Which was NOT true?

A) Although a student at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute, she began to doubt Freud.
B) She was impressed and influenced by some of Adler's ideas.
C) She came to the United States to escape the Nazis and probably what remained of her marriage.
D) She founded the Psychoanalytic Institute in the United States and kicked out members who questioned Freud's ideas.

Question 13

All of the following, except one, were criticisms that Horney lodged against Freud's ideas. Which was NOT a criticism?

A) She had major misgivings about the case study method that Freud embraced.
B) He thought culture was a more important factor than instincts.
C) She believed that neurotic needs for affection were more crucial than libidinal urges.
D) She emphasized anxiety provoking childhood experiences rather than Phallic motivation.

Question 14

Instead of libidinal satisfactions, Horney emphasized

A) strivings for superiority
B) the ancestral past of humans
C) safety from feelings of isolation, helplessness, fear, and hostility
D) the need for interpersonal contact with significant others

Question 15

Horney quarreled with all of the following Freudian ideas or derivations of those ideas, except one. Which did she NOT quarrel with?

A) Oedipus complex
B) penis envy
C) women's castrating tendencies
D) neurosis as the predominant form of maladjustment in the early 20th century

Question 16

All of the following, except one, were "bones of contention" in Horney's disagreements with Freud. Which was NOT a matter of contention between Horney and Freud?

A) the importance of early childhood experiences
B) the importance of culture
C) psychoanalysts' extrapolation from their own cultures to all others
D) the emphasize on sexual factor

Question 17

All of the following, except one, were among Horney's beliefs about sexuality. Which was NOT her belief about sexuality?

A) Masturbation is normal.
B) Some women are repressed homosexuals.
C) Sex outside of marriage is neurotic, because it becomes a compulsion.
D) There are individuals who, finding themselves in anxious circumstances, are attracted to the most prominent person present.

Question 18

Which of the following is one of Horney's sexual types?

A) Neurotic homosexuals: people who are attracted to the same sex to avoid competition.
B) Don (and Dawn) Juans who attempt to seduce every member of the opposite sex they encounter
C) Homosexuals who are repressed heterosexuals.
D) Amazons who overpower the men they encounter.

Question 19

Which of the following derivatives from Freudian theory did Horney dismiss out of hand?

A) Most homosexuals are not true homosexuals.
B) Both sexes have the hormones of the other sex.
C) Women are naturally masochistic.
D) Women lack true sexual feelings.

Question 20

According to Horney, why might women display frigidity?

A) because it is natural to them
B) because the physiological propensity to it is stronger in women than in men
C) because, even after the Victorian era, it is expected of them
D) because they wish to humiliate their men

Question 21

Which of the following is the best summary statement concerning Horney's attitude toward sexuality?

A) Orgasm is the heart and soul of sexuality.
B) There are psychological reasons for sexual expression that are far more important than physical gratification.
C) Sexual expression is almost always neurotic in form.
D) It is women who are sexual beings, not men.

Question 22

Which is the most serious and fundamental problem that the young child faces (basic anxiety)?

A) sexual frustration
B) a feeling of low status relative to siblings
C) being caught in the titanic clash between instinctual and social needs
D) being lonely and helpless in a hostile world

Question 23

Which is a reason for the child's insecurity, according to Horney?

A) hostile home atmosphere
B) sex role ambiguity
C) faulty division of labor among parents
D) sibling rivalry

Question 24

All of the following, except one, are among the sources of the child's insecurity, according to Horney. Which is NOT a source of insecurity?

A) forbidding gestures
B) belittling attitudes
C) overprotection
D) unkept promises

Question 25

To Horney, a neurosis is

A) reactions to threats that repressed material will surface
B) disturbances in the unconscious related to failure of the self to balance needs
C) psychic disturbances due to fears and defenses against them and to attempts to find compromise solutions for conflicting tendencies
D) fundamental insecurities arising from a failure to reconcile need for achievement with need for gratification

Question 26

Neurotic needs are

A) the needs of neurotics to overcome their neuroses
B) the ergs and regnancies that conspire to cripple the ego in its fight to fulfill basic needs
C) coping techniques composed of insatiable demands developed in response to basic anxiety
D) a series of symptoms that are set up each to defend against the other in the struggle to satisfy both social and physical needs

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT among Horney's generalized movement trends?

A) moving toward people
B) moving against people
C) moving away from people
D) moving into people

Question 28

All except one of the following are characteristic of neurotic individuals. Which is NOT one of their characteristics?

A) inferiority feelings
B) unhappiness
C) hyperactivity
D) distrust

Question 29

Which of following is a main reason for identifying the characteristics of the individual's dominant needs

A) to determine the repressed experiences that have led to the neurosis
B) to allow the individual insight into his or her neurosis
C) to reveal the relative direction the person is likely to take in relationships with others
D) to learn what to expect from the neurosis in terms of future unconscious conflicts

Question 30

All of the following are true, according to Horney, except one. Which is NOT true?

A) Conflict is an essential part of neurosis
B) Contradictory dispositions toward other people constitute an important part of conflict.
C) Contradictory dispositions toward the self pervade the personality in neurosis.
D) People almost never develop a basic, unidirectional orientation to others.

Question 31

Expansiveness refers to

A) desire to be "in control" and not admit that one is incorrect
B) believing that winning is everything, how the game is played is nothing
C) being the on-looker, the non-competitor, the avoider who is hypersensitive to influence attempts
D) seeking accommodation to others at any price

Question 32

All of the following are among Horney's Ten Neurotic Needs, except one. Which is NOT one of the ten needs?

A) Affection and approval
B) Exploiting others
C) Social recognition or prestige
D) Self-actualization

Question 33

Resignation refers to

A) desire to be "in control" and not admit that one is incorrect
B) believing that winning is everything, how the game is played is nothing
C) being the on-looker, the non-competitor, the avoider who is hypersensitive to influence attempts
D) seeking accommodation to others at any price

Question 34

Self-effacing refers to

A) desire to be "in control" and not admit that one is incorrect
B) believing that winning is everything, how the game is played is nothing
C) being the on-looker, the non-competitor, the avoider who is hypersensitive to influence attempts
D) seeking accommodation to others at any price

Question 35

Hyper-competitiveness is

A) the desire to be "in control" and not admit that one is incorrect
B) believing that winning is everything, how the game is played is nothing
C) being the on-looker, the non-competitor, the avoider who is hypersensitive to influence attempts
D) seeking accommodation to others at any price

Question 36

All of the following are needs associated with moving away from others, except one. Which is NOT a need of those oriented to moving away from others?

A) Personal admiration
B) Self-sufficiency and independence
C) Perfection and unassailability
D) Exhibition

Question 37

All of the following are needs associated with moving against others, except one. Which is NOT a need of those oriented to moving against others?

A) Power
B) Exploiting others
C) Personal admiration
D) Personal achievement

Question 38

All of the following are needs associated with moving toward others, except one. Which is NOT a need of those oriented toward others?

A) Succorance
B) Affection and approval
C) Having a partner
D) Narrowly restricting one's life

Question 39

Which best describes the "idealized image of the self"?

A) the image of the person one would like to be
B) the fiction that guides one's style of life
C) an artificial pride system
D) a projection onto a more powerful person

Question 40

Controllers

A) try to influence people, but avoid heavy-handed methods
B) may try to determine everything the controlled person does and everything that happens to him or her
C) will resort to every technique, short of violence, in order to control someone
D) are difficult to explain in terms of evolutionary theory

Question 41

Horney's real self is best characterized by

A) a need to belong
B) the end of childhood
C) the potential for growth
D) the beginning of individuation

Question 42

Horney's externalization means

A) external locus of control of reinforcements
B) need to project strengths onto others
C) a feeling that the external world is not to be trusted
D) the tendency to experience internal processes as if they occurred outside oneself

Question 43

Which of the following is a byproduct of Horney's externalization?

A) indifference
B) rage
C) fortitude
D) amplification

Question 44

The actual self is

A) who one might be
B) who one currently is
C) who one should be
D) who one could be

Question 45

What is a "blind spot?"

A) a contradiction about which one manages to remain unaware
B) an hysterical blindness brought on by the idealized image of the self
C) a scotomaπmissing portion of the visual fieldπupon which unwanted stimulation is focused
D) an actual dysfunction of the visual cortex that results from the fear of "seeing" oneself reflected in others

Question 46

In compartmentalization

A) one hides away in a compartment of the mind
B) key aspects of oneself are separated into "logic tight" compartments
C) significant others are categorized into several compartments
D) the mind is divided into compartments analogous to the id, ego, and superego

Question 47

According to Horney, rationalization is

A) a way to reduce cognitive dissonance
B) a tendency to intellectualize instead of emotionalize about intrapsychic conflicts
C) self-deception by reasoning
D) attempting to be rational when irrationality actually characterizes oneself

Question 48

Excessive self-control is

A) a reaction to contradictory emotions involving holding feelings and behavior in a vice-grip
B) controlling the self in order to control others
C) engaging in a game of acting like a self-controlled person in order to induce self-control in others
D) controlling basic urges so that one looks pure and flawless to others

Question 49

Arbitrary rightness is

A) arbitrarily deciding what is the right thing for others to do
B) an arbitrariness in deciding what is morally right
C) a feeling that others are arbitrary in deciding what is right for oneself
D) the strategy of those who see life as a battle, thus, they must be right about everything lest they be controlled by "foreign influence"

Question 50

Elusiveness is

A) evading the conflict between the real self and the idealized image of self
B) hiding from close relations with members of both genders
C) slithering away from conflicts by refusing to take an identifiable stand
D) saying the opposite of what one really feels about relations with significant others

Question 51

Cynicism is

A) hostility directed toward fate
B) denying moral values because of uncertainty about them
C) a form of nihilism in which religion and spirituality are rejected
D) inability to believe in anyone, least of all, oneself

Question 52

According to Horney's psychology of women

A) women have been restricted to a private, emotional sphere of life
B) love and devotion "should" come to be regarded as feminine ideals
C) love is an unrealistic value for women to pursue
D) only in men's minds are pursuits outside the emotional realm of secondary importance to women

Question 53

All of the following are among Freud's theoretical speculations that Horney challenged, except one. Which is NOT among Freudian ideas that she challenged?

A) Women feel shame over their biological deficiencies.
B) Lacking penises, women overvalue relationships with men.
C) Women seek sexual stimulation through the clitoris because it is penis-like.
D) Women develop a superego that includes society's script concerning how to behave.

Question 54

What aspect of Freudian thought did Horney feel was particularly illogical?

A) that the process of identification is similar for the sexes
B) that people built for a specific biological function would be obsessed with obtaining the biological attributes of the other sex
C) that women should be viewed as lesser when, in fact, women are biologically basic: the embryo is "female" and must be differentiated into "male"
D) the ideas of repression and denial as applied to women

Question 55

The masculine equivalent of "penis-envy" is

A) clitoral envy
B) vaginal envy
C) ovarian envy
D) womb envy

Question 56

Horney regretted

A) that anyone ever paid any attention to Freud
B) that the psychology of women had been considered only from the point of view of men
C) that Freud was ignorant of women because he had so few as patients
D) that women had made no real progress from the turn of the century to the 1940s

Question 57

Horney was ahead of her time in that she recognized that

A) jealousy is not a problem in romantic relationships
B) sexuality is rather completely unimportant in human relationships
C) European-American culture is dominated by masculine ideology
D) progress for women would require open rebellion, such as the bra burning of the 1960s

Question 58

Which of the following is the biggest contributor to female dependency, according to Horney?

A) motherhood
B) the belief that sexuality was for men
C) the belief that every woman must have a man
D) household chores

Question 59

"Systematic selection by men" refers to

A) men's need to select options for the women in their lives
B) men's ability to systematically select options in their own lives while denying the same ability to women
C) men's right to select outside-the-home interests while denying that privilege to women
D) men's structuring of their selection of women so as to compensate for specific male deficiencies

Question 60

According to Horney, what is woman's reaction to society's demeaning attitude toward them?

A) increasing their over-evaluation of relationships with "superior" men
B) a tendency to withdraw from relationships with men where possible
C) restricting their friendships and other relationships with other women
D) rationalizing that their roles as mothers and homemakers is as valued as the roles of men

Question 61

In what way did Adler side with Horney in her feud with the Freudians?

A) He acknowledged the greater inferiority of men.
B) He accompanied her to a psychoanalytic convention in Vienna and supported her as she confronted Freud in person.
C) He was one of the women's movement's first male figures.
D) He felt that decisions about birth control and abortion should be left up to women.

Question 62

Among the "firsts" achieved by Horney was the fact that she pioneered

A) sexual therapy
B) plain language, self-exploration books
C) rational emotive therapy
D) clinics for children with emotional problems

Question 63

Shaver and colleagues found that secure adults

A) were high in interpersonal sensitivity
B) showed sexuality that was characterized by "one night stands"
C) showed obligatory care-giving
D) were unlikely to experiment sexually

Question 64

According to Horney, jealousy is

A) fear that a rival will steal one's romantic partner
B) a general fear that others will encroach upon one's personal relationships
C) fear of losing a relationship that is seen as satisfying insatiable needs for love
D) a need to solely possess every significant other in one's life

Question 65

What did Levy, Blatt and Shaver (1998) find when they had subjects write a description of each parent?

A) As expected, anxious-ambivalent women's descriptions of their mothers were the most ambivalent.
B) Unexpectedly, secure women's descriptions of their mothers were at a low (non-complex) level.
C) Unexpectedly, avoidant women's descriptions of their mothers were the most ambivalent.
D) Avoidant women also described their parents at a low cognitive level.

Question 66

Attachment-related avoidance is related to

A) hyper-competitiveness
B) sexual indifference
C) a happy-go-lucky Persona
D) self-reliance coping strategies and embracing distance goals

Question 67

Mikulincer (1998) found all the following except one. Which was NOT among this researcher's findings?

A) Secure people showed low anger-proneness.
B) Anxious-ambivalent people displayed lack of anger control.
C) Avoidant people were high in hostility.
D) Avoidant people were fully aware of their anger.

Question 68

In consistency with Horney's view, Philip Shaver and his colleagues hypothesized that

A) there is no link between childhood jealousy and adult jealousy
B) adults who show child-like jealousy are neurotic
C) the link between childhood jealousy and adult jealousy is mediated by the ideal self image in relation to the real self image
D) the way adult persons relate to their lovers may mirror the way those persons related to their parents as children

Question 69

Which of the following reflects one of Shaver's attachment styles?

A) I find it easy to break off a relationship.
B) I feel secure only in relationships with the opposite sex.
C) I like to have more than one boy(girl) friend at a time.
D) I feel that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like.

Question 70

Cook qualified earlier attachment-work by Shaver and others and showed that attachment is very complex when he reported

A) attachment security level can be relationship specific
B) attachment security level is unaffected by with whom one attaches
C) attachment security level is not reciprocated by the target of attachment
D) attachment styles can change from one age period to the next and to accommodate relations with other variables

Question 71

The "tyranny of the shoulds" refers to

A) an idea that Horney borrowed from Albert Ellis
B) a notion that is more applicable to men than women
C) the belief that one should do whatever a good person would do
D) the belief that the shoulds that others impose on oneself are tyrannical and ought to be cast off

Question 72

All below are among the shoulds that plague people, except one. Which NOT is a should?

A) point out other's faults
B) be dignified
C) be courageous
D) be honest and generous

Question 73

Self-analysis is

A) analysis of the self from an objective point of view
B) analysis of the self from an outsider's point of view
C) analysis of the connection among the various personality structures
D) analysis to gain a better understanding of oneself through one's own efforts

Question 74

Self-recognition is

A) differentiating the self from that of other people, especially parents
B) coming to know one's own neuroses, idealized self-image, and real self
C) recognizing the nature and extent of connections to the selves of significant others
D) recognizing where one is in life and where one is going in terms of development of the self

Question 75

All except one of the following are facts about Clare, the self-analysis case-study subject. Which is NOT a fact about Clare?

A) Clare had never had a long-term relationship with a man until Peter entered her life.
B) Clare's mother attempted to abort her.
C) Clare's father was uninterested in any of his children.
D) As an editor, Clare was intensely irritated with an author who had broken a promise.

Question 76

All except one of the following are meaningful dreams that Clare had. Which one was NOT among her dreams?

A) She was lost in a foreign city, could not speak the language, and left her money and luggage at the train station.
B) She was adrift at sea, but a strong man put his arms around her and saved her.
C) A large bird, glorious in color and grace, was flying away.
D) Peter had gone off to war and Clare had lost her feelings for him.

Question 77

Which of the following were true of Clare?

A) She wondered whether her love for Peter was a compensation for the loss of her father's love.
B) She began to realize that her need for Peter was based on something other than affection.
C) She was suicidal when she learned that Peter was having an affair.
D) That a woman's love was merely a screen for exploiting a man was an original conjecture on her part.

Question 78

All of the following are true concerning short-comings of self-analysis, except one. Which is NOT a short-coming?

A) People may see something about themselves that is not true.
B) Everything that people learn about themselves during self-analysis must be unlearned during regular therapy.
C) People may come up with correct information about themselves, but misinterpret it.
D) Even if people analyze an incident correctly, they may not know what to do about it.

Question 79

In Ryckman and colleagues study of Horney's "hypercompetitiveness," which of the following measures was most closely related to being hypercompetitive?

A) Machiavellianism
B) narcissism
C) Type E orientation
D) sensation seeking

Question 80

According to evolutionary theory, which is correct regarding men's and women's orientation to ensuring that their genes are passed to future generations?

A) Only women are highly concerned about sexual infidelity.
B) Both genders are highly concerned about sexual infidelity.
C) Men are more concerned about emotional infidelity.
D) Women are more concerned about emotional infidelity.