Deck 10: Analysis of Quantitative Data

Question 1

Coding is ___________________.

A) the systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable
B) a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes
C) a document describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a format that computers can use
D) the act of writing the code categories directly on the questionnaire

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A data field is __________________________.

A) the systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable
B) a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes
C) a document describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a format that computers can use
D) a column or set of columns assigned to a variable

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A code book is _________________.

A) the systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable
B) a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes
C) a document describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a format that computers can use
D) the act of writing the code categories directly on the questionnaire

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Precoding is _________________.

A) the systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable
B) a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes
C) a document describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a format that computers can use
D) the act of writing the code categories directly on the questionnaire

Question 5

Coding procedures are _______________________.

A) the systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable
B) a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes
C) a document describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a format that computers can use
D) the act of writing the code categories directly on the questionnaire

Question 6

Code sheets are _________________.

A) a sheet with grids which the researcher writes code numbers in squares that correspond to a row and column location, and then uses this to type it into a computer
B) a column or set of columns assigned to a variable
C) a method of data entry where the researcher manually types in the data
D) a machine that can read information from questionnaire sheets and insert them directly into a computer file

Question 7

The direct entry method is _______________.

A) a sheet with grids which the researcher writes code numbers in squares that correspond to a row and column location, and then uses this to type it into a computer
B) a column or set of columns assigned to a variable
C) a method of data entry where the researcher manually types in the data
D) a machine that can read information from questionnaire sheets and insert them directly into a computer file

Question 8

A machine that can read information from questionnaire sheets and insert them directly into a computer file is called a ______________.

A) data reader
B) optical scan sheet
C) computer data recorder
D) "the Wizard"

Question 9

A table that shows the distribution of cases into categories of one variable, that is, the number or percent of cases in each category is called ____________.

A) a histogram
B) univariate statistics
C) a frequency distribution
D) descriptive statistics

Question 10

The mean is _________________.

A) the arithmetic average of a distribution of scores
B) a distribution of scores where the three measures of central tendency do not equal each other
C) the largest and smallest scores within a distribution of scores
D) the middle point of a distribution of scores (1/2 fall below and ½ fall above the median)

Question 11

The mode is ______________.

A) a distribution of scores where the three measures of central tendency do not equal each other
B) the largest and smallest scores within a distribution of scores
C) the middle point of a distribution of scores (1/2 fall below and ½ fall above the median)
D) the most common or frequently occurring number in a distribution of scores

Question 12

The range is ___________________.

A) a distribution of scores where the three measures of central tendency do not equal each other
B) the largest and smallest scores within a distribution of scores
C) the middle point of a distribution of scores (1/2 fall below and ½ fall above the median)
D) the most common or frequently occurring number in a distribution of scores

Question 13

A skewed distribution is __________________.

A) a distribution of scores where the three measures of central tendency do not equal each other
B) the largest and smallest scores within a distribution of scores
C) the middle point of a distribution of scores (1/2 fall below and ½ fall above the median)
D) the most common or frequently occurring number in a distribution of scores

Question 14

Calculate the mode from this list of numbers: 6, 5, 7, 10, 9, 5, 3, 5.

A) 6.25
B) 5-10
C) 50
D) 5

Question 15

Calculate the range from this list of numbers: 4, 9, 15, 5, 7, 8, 4, 10.

A) 7.75
B) 4-15
C) 62
D) 4

Question 16

Calculate the median from this list of numbers: 6, 5, 7, 10, 9, 5, 3, 5.

A) 6.25
B) 5.5
C) 5-10
D) 50

Question 17

Calculate the mean from this list of numbers: 6, 5, 7, 10, 9, 5, 3, 5.

A) 6.25
B) 5-10
C) 50
D) 5.5

Question 18

The ____________ expresses scores on a frequency distribution in terms of a number of standard deviations from the mean.

A) percentile
B) x-score
C) Z-score
D) standard deviation

Question 19

Bivariate statistics __________________.

A) refers to statistical relationships where cases with certain values on one variable are likely to have certain values on the other one.
B) are when variables appear together and are associated
C) are statistics which describe the relationship between two variables.
D) express scores on a frequency distribution in terms of a number of standard deviations from the mean.

Question 20

Covariation _______________.

A) refers to statistical relationships where cases with certain values on one variable are likely to have certain values on the other one.
B) is when variables appear together and are associated
C) are statistics which describe the relationship between two variables.
D) expresses scores on a frequency distribution in terms of a number of standard deviations from the mean.

Question 21

When there is no statistical relationship between variables we refer to that as ______.

A) theory falsification
B) inadequate theory
C) missing variation
D) independence

Question 22

A ______________ is a distribution of scores where a straight line can be visualized in the middle of a maze of cases running from one corner to another.

A) linear relationship
B) positive relationship
C) negative relationship
D) curvilinear relationship

Question 23

A _____________________ is when the data looks like a diagonal line from the lower left to the upper right. Higher values on X tend to go with higher values on Y, and vice versa.

A) positive relationship
B) negative relationship
C) curvilinear relationship
D) linear relationship

Question 24

A single number that expresses the strength, and often the direction, of a relationship is called_________________.

A) bivariate percentage table
B) cross-tabulation
C) measure of association
D) compound frequency distribution

Question 25

A genre of statistics that uses probability theory to test hypotheses formally, permit inferences from a sample to a population, and test whether descriptive results are likely to be due to random factors or to a real relationship is called _________.

A) bipolar regression
B) inferential statistics
C) multiple regression
D) Rho

Question 26

Statistical relationships are based on what two ideas

A) Frequency and distribution
B) Covariation and independence
C) Linear and curvilinear
D) Negative and positive

Question 27

__________ means that statistical results are not likely to be due to chance factors or sampling error.

A) Practical significance
B) Substantive significance
C) Statistically significant
D) Theoretical significance

Question 28

A _______________ is distribution of scores where the three measures of central tendency do not equal each other.

Question 29

The ___________ is the most common or frequently occurring number in a distribution of scores.

Question 30

The ________ is the middle point of a distribution of scores.

Question 31

The _______ is the arithmetic average of a distribution of scores.

Question 32

The _______ is the largest and smallest scores within a distribution of scores.

Question 33

The __________ indicates the score at a specific place within a distribution of scores.

Question 34

A statistic based on the mean and gives an average distance between all scores and the mean is called the ______________.

Question 35

The systematic reorganization of raw data into a format that is computer readable is called _________.

Question 36

A _______________ is a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes.

Question 37

A ______________ is a document describing the coding procedure and the location of data for variables in a format that computers can use.

Question 38

____________ refers to statistical relationships where cases with certain values on one variable are likely to have certain values on the other one.

Question 39

A _____________________ is a distribution of scores where a straight line can be visualized in the middle of a maze of cases running from one corner to another.

Question 40

A ______________ is when the data looks like a line from the upper left to the lower right. It means that higher values on one variable go with lower values on the other.

Question 41

A _____________ occurs when the researcher says that a relationship exists when in fact none exists. It means falsely rejecting a null hypothesis.

Question 42

Researchers measure variation in three ways: range, percentile, and standard deviation.

Question 43

Linear relationships can only flow in a positive direction.

Question 44

The plot of a positive relationship looks like a diagonal line from the upper left to the lower right.

Question 45

The plot of a negative relationship looks like a diagonal line from the lower left to the upper right.

Question 46

In a positive relationship, higher values of X tend to go with higher values of Y.

Question 47

If a research was counting the number of male and female students in his or her classroom a frequency distribution could be a table to show the data.

Question 48

Covariation and independence mean the same thing in statistics.

Question 49

The dependent variable forms the vertical or Y axis.

Question 50

The independent variable forms the horizontal or X axis.

Question 51

Range, standard deviation, and variance are all measures of central tendency.

Question 52

What is a skewed distribution?

Question 53

What are the steps in calculating the standard deviation and what is the formula?

Question 54

Explain the difference between a curvilinear relationship and a linear relationship and give a graphical example of both.

Question 55

Explain the difference between a positive relationship and a negative relationship and give a graphical example of both.