Deck 2: Concepts in Biochemistry

Question 1

Which function has the least priority for protein?

A) Energy storage
B) Providing structure
C) Muscle contraction
D) Catalyzing reactions
E) Regulating metabolism

Answer 1

Energy storage

Question 2

The biological function that plants use to make the carbohydrate animals can use for energy and oxygen is called:

A) oxidation-reduction.
B) condensation.
C) hydrolysis.
D) photosynthesis.

Answer 2

photosynthesis.

Question 3

Enzymes perform all the chemical reactions of metabolism involving degradation and biosynthesis of biomolecules required for life.Proteases,amylases,and lipases are coenzymes.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 3

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 4

Coenzymes are protein organic substances that assist enzymes in converting the substrate into a carbohydrate.Many vitamins are converted into biologically active coenzymes.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 5

Fatty acids are structural components that are present in more complex lipids,such as triglycerides (TGs).Also referred to as triacylglycerols,TGs synthesize fatty acids.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 6

Each is a component of an amino acid,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Carbon dioxide group (CO2)
B) Amino group (-NH3+)
C) Carboxyl group (-COO?2-)
D) Side chain (R group)

Question 7

During the Krebs cycle,complete aerobic oxidation of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)produces each of the following,except one.Which is the exception?

A) CO2
B) H2O
C) ATP
D) Amino acids

Question 8

Antioxidants like vitamins C and E are added to unsaturated fats because antioxidants prevent rancidity associated with the oxidation during preparation of vegetable oils and margarines.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 9

Which is NOT a classification of carbohydrate?

A) Monosaccharides
B) Disaccharides
C) Polysaccharides
D) Triglycerides

Question 10

In metabolism,energy is extracted from glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)and converted to carbon dioxide (CO₂)by which chemical reaction?

A) Oxidation
B) Reduction
C) Hydrolysis
D) Condensation

Question 11

The biomolecules necessary for life are based on carbon because carbon has the ability to form glycosidic bonds to itself and many other atoms.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct, but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 12

In general,a condensation reaction creates a new molecule by:

A) breaking a larger molecule into two smaller molecules.
B) forming an ionic bond between a metal and a nonmetal ion.
C) forming a bond between two smaller molecules.
D) sharing two electrons between two nonmetals.

Question 13

Each is true of proteins,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Proteins are composed of building blocks called amino acids.
B) The classification of the 20 common amino acids is based on the structure of their amino group.
C) The general structure of an amino acid varies considerably.
D) Amino acids polymerize to form long chains called polypeptides.
E) Amino acids contain strong covalent peptide bonds.

Question 14

Each is a major area of biochemistry,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Structure
B) Function
C) Metabolism
D) Bioinformation

Question 15

Biochemists organize the variety in chemical structure by classifying molecules into functional groups.A functional group is a group of atoms that gives a family of molecules its characteristic chemical and physical properties.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 16

Cholesterol is the most abundant lipoprotein and is important to biological membranes.Cholesterol is also the precursor of steroid hormones,bile acids,and the lipid-soluble vitamin D.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 17

Which is NOT a characteristic or function of lipids?

A) Involve energy metabolism and storage.
B) Provide insulation and protection.
C) Act as hormones that regulate the body.
D) Are hydrophilic.

Question 18

A biomolecule is a substance required by the body that must be supplied by an outside source.During metabolism,energy can be extracted from dietary carbohydrates,proteins,and lipids and can be used to create biomolecules required for life.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

Saturated fatty acids are alkenes that contain one or more C=C (double)bond.Unsaturated fatty acids,contain only one C=C bond.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 20

Each exemplifies glycosidic bonding reactions,except one.Which is the exception?

A) A condensation reaction can unite two glucose monomers into maltose.
B) Maltose is a disaccharide that results from degradation of starch.
C) Maltose is used in brewing and in alcoholic beverages.
D) The disaccharide lactose is formed from the two monosaccharides: galactose and glucose.
E) When fructose and sucrose combine, glucose is formed.

Question 21

Each is true of lipids,except one.Which is the exception?

A) The catabolism of lipids is a major source of energy for the body.
B) Lipids can by oxidized to produce more energy than carbohydrates or proteins.
C) The hydrous nature of lipids make them retain water.
D) Lipids can be stored in adipose tissue in unlimited amounts.

Question 22

When the body's stores of energy are depleted,the pancreas becomes involved because the pancreas consistently converts pyruvate into glucose for energy.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.