Deck 16: Psychoanalysis

Question 1

The first case study in psychoanalysis, published in 1895 as Studies in Hysteria, documented the case of "Anna
O)" and was written by Freud and

A) Ernst Brücke.
B) Joseph Breuer.
C) Jean-Martin Charcot.
D) Carl Gustav Jung.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Joseph Breuer used the term _____ to refer to the conscious expression of disturbing memories

A) catharsis
B) repression
C) trieb
D) projection

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The term psychoanalysis

A) was a term Freud employed while he was still in medical school.
B) was employed by Freud in his first year of practice.
C) was not introduced by Freud until the second half of his professional career starting about 1910.
D) appeared about 10 years after Freud set up his practice, after he tried several other therapeutic methods.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Freud's position on the free will and determinism issue might best be summarized by which of the following
Statements?

A) "My first act of free will is to believe in free will."
B) "All vital phenomena, including physical ones, are rigidly and lawfully determined."
C) "Animals are machines, but human beings have free will."
D) "The free will and determinism problem is a pseudo-issue."

Question 5

The content area that is privileged in Freudian psychoanalysis is

A) learning.
B) sensation and perception.
C) cognition.
D) motivation.

Question 6

In Civilization and its Discontents Freud argued that there are three great sources of pain and suffering. They
Are

A) psychosis, neurosis, and physical disease.
B) corrupt political systems, disease, and mental illness.
C) social injustice, war, and illness.
D) our own body, the outer world, and other people.

Question 7

The most admirable defense against human suffering, according to Freud, is

A) loving and being loved.
B) hard work and science.
C) sublimation through humor and sports.
D) enjoyment of works of art.

Question 8

Freud used the term _____ to refer to psychic energies directed toward gratification of the pleasure principle.

A) secondary processes
B) repression
C) libido
D) anxiety

Question 9

Strategies that are engineered by the ego to help the id achieve its purposes in a socially acceptable manner are
Examples of

A) primary processes.
B) regression.
C) secondary processes.
D) libido attachments.

Question 10

According to Freud, the superego

A) is much more rational than the id.
B) helps the ego create rational strategies for coping with the world.
C) is the most primitive part of the personality.
D) is as irrational as the id.

Question 11

According to Freud, "the ego does not look favorably upon psychoanalysis and positively refuses to believe
It?" Why, in Freud's view, did the ego refuse to believe psychoanalysis?

A) Psychoanalysis is too pessimistic.
B) Psychoanalysis seems superficial.
C) The idea that rational processes may serve unconscious motives is a blow to human pretensions.
D) Psychoanalysis emphasizes sexuality to the exclusion of other motives.

Question 12

Although commonly translated as instinct, a preferable translation of the German word trieb would be

A) "anxiety."
B) "drive."
C) "id."
D) "unconscious."

Question 13

According to Freud, there are four components to instinct or drive. They are

A) source, impetus, aim, and object.
B) need, valence, object, and goal.
C) need, goal, arousal, homeostasis.
D) arousal, working level, recovery, and steady state.

Question 14

Each of the following is one of Freud's three kinds of anxiety EXCEPT

A) epistemic anxiety
B) moral anxiety
C) neurotic anxiety
D) objective anxiety

Question 15

Neurotic anxiety, according to Freud, may occur when

A) the ego is threatened by the irrational forces of the id.
B) the ego is threatened by the irrational forces of the superego.
C) the ego succumbs to the wear and tear of the world.
D) the superego is too strong for the ego.

Question 16

Moral anxiety, in Freud's view

A) is very rare in our society.
B) occurs when the id is too strong for the ego.
C) results from a weak superego.
D) occurs when the irrational demands of the superego threaten to overcome the ego.

Question 17

The ego-defense mechanism that serves as the cornerstone for psychoanalysis is

A) projection.
B) sublimation.
C) regression.
D) repression.

Question 18

The ego-defense mechanism of attributing one's own weaknesses to another is referred to as

A) projection.
B) sublimation.
C) regression.
D) repression.

Question 19

Freud's notion of sexuality

A) was extremely narrow.
B) included only genital contact with a member of the opposite sex.
C) was limited to adults.
D) was very broad in nature.

Question 20

According to Freud, neglect or overindulgence in a developmental stage may have consequences for later
Development due to the formation of

A) the id.
B) a fixation.
C) objective anxiety.
D) stage.

Question 21

The latent content of a dream is

A) what the dream appears to be about.
B) what a dream is actually about.
C) the dream as disguised by the ego.
D) the dream as varnished by the superego.

Question 22

The goal of therapy, according to Freud, is to

A) restore happiness to the individual.
B) free the individual of conflicts.
C) strengthen the ego, make it more independent and widen its field of perception.
D) rid the patient of all symptoms.

Question 23

Freud's final theory of motivation emphasized

A) the sex drive alone.
B) the centrality of Eros broadly conceived.
C) the opposition of erotic and aggressive instincts.
D) power as much as sex.

Question 24

Freud's views on human nature were

A) highly optimistic.
B) guardedly optimistic.
C) largely pessimistic.
D) neutral.

Question 25

According to the text, the current status of psychoanalysis is best characterized as

A) more pluralistic and less tied to traditional orthodoxy.
B) rooted primarily in early Freudian thought.
C) devoid of Freud's influence.
D) rooted primarily in late Freudian thought.

Question 26

The system of psychological thought advanced by Alfred Adler is known as

A) Analytic Psychology.
B) Cognitive Psychology.
C) Ego Psychology.
D) Individual Psychology.

Question 27

Adler believed that the most important goal in human life is

A) pleasure.
B) happiness.
C) a striving for totality, unity, or wholeness.
D) a striving for plurality.

Question 28

Adler used the term to refer to all the unique behaviors that characterize personality and that move us in the direction of specific goals.

A) style of life
B) overcompensation
C) fictional final goals
D) all of the above

Question 29

The term inferiority complex is most central to the theoretical work of

A) Jung.
B) Freud.
C) Adler.
D) Allport

Question 30

Which of the following strategies are most central in Adler's theory of personality?

A) compensation and overcompensation
B) projection and rejection
C) denial and withdrawal
D) identification and repression

Question 31

A thin, asthmatic child grows up and spends 90 days walking over 600 miles across the Alaska Range.
According to Adler, this exemplifies

A) rationalization.
B) projection.
C) displacement.
D) overcompensation.

Question 32

Adler argued that the major problems one faces in life mostly center around each of the following EXCEPT

A) work
B) social interactions
C) sexual intimacy
D) education

Question 33

Carl Gustav Jung's system of thought is typically called

A) Individual Psychology.
B) Neoanalytic Psychology.
C) Analytic Psychology.
D) Humanistic Psychoanalysis.

Question 34

Jung believed that memories from the vast biological past may contribute to mental images and response
Predispositions. These memories come from what Jung called the

A) personal unconscious.
B) the unconscious.
C) historical consciousness.
D) collective unconscious.

Question 35

The species has had millions of years of experience with darkness, power, death, mothers, fathers, and so forth.
Jung could not believe that this vast reservoir of experience was unrepresented in experience. He thus believed
That experiences from the race reside in each of us. He referred to these as

A) shadows.
B) complexes.
C) archetypes.
D) subliminal cognitions.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a concept associated with the work of Carl Jung?

A) alchemy
B) word association
C) style of life
D) individuation

Question 37

Jung believed in four basic psychological functions, these were

A) thinking., feeling, sensation, and intuition.
B) learning, motivation, sensation, and cognition.
C) action, reflection, anticipation, and meditation.
D) cognitions, affection, motivation, and memory.

Question 38

Jung believed that some events occur simultaneously and that these events cannot be explained by the ordinary
Principles of causality. He attempted to explain such events with his concept of

A) equipotentiality.
B) synchronicity.
C) paracognition.
D) precognition.

Question 39

Jung's approach to psychotherapy

A) is almost identical to the approach advanced by Freud.
B) is much more structured than Freud's approach.
C) focuses, first and foremost, on examining archetypes.
D) is highly varied or pluralistic.

Question 40

Unlike other psychoanalysts, Horney focused on _____ on personality and the shaping of neuroses.

A) sociocultural influences
B) developmental influences
C) unconscious influences
D) influences from the collective unconscious.

Question 41

Horney described as the terrible feeling of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world. It could be caused in a child through parental rejection, ridicule, or indifference.

A) the personal unconscious.
B) basic anxiety.
C) the real self.
D) womb envy.

Question 42

Horney referred to the relentless drive for total perfection as the tyranny of the

A) should.
B) want.
C) neurotic self.
D) persona

Question 43

Horney countered Freud's ideas of female penis envy with evidence of male

A) inferiority complexes.
B) collective unconscious.
C) womb envy.
D) superiority.

Question 44

Horney argued that women's sense of inferiority is derived from

A) women's constitution.
B) female anatomy.
C) masculine society and psychology.
D) penis envy.

Question 45

Anna Freud gained prominence for each of the following EXCEPT

A) her work on ego defense mechanisms
B) her founding of a child therapy clinic
C) her contribution on advancing methods of analysis of children
D) her rejection of Freud's idea of thanatos, an internal aggressive force