Deck 6: Norms

Question 1

Which of the following concepts is not the same as an injunctive norm?

A) a descriptive norm
B) a prescriptive norm
C) an oughtness norm

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What do social norms, moral norms and legal norms have in common?

A) All of these types of norms are descriptive norms
B) All of these types of norms operate in groups
C) All of these types of norms are injunctive norms

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Fill in (A) and (B): According to social control theory, people adhere to (A), because deviations from (A) can be answered by (B).

A) (A) is 'norms' and (B) is 'monitoring'
B) (A) is 'social norms' and (B) is 'social sanctions'
C) (A) is 'social norms' and (B) is 'formal sanctions'

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is not true about social sanctions?

A) social sanctions are external sanctions imposed by third parties
B) social sanctions can be extremely intrusive
C) social sanctions are always effective

Question 5

What is not a core parameter of social control theory?

A) laws
B) expected monitoring
C) expected sanctions

Question 6

Fill in (A) and (B) in the social control proposition: The higher people's expected (A) in a group in case of norm-deviance, and the higher their expected social approval in case of norm-compliance, the more likely they conform to the (B) of that group.

A) (A) is 'monitoring' and (B) is 'social norms'
B) (A) is 'social sanctions' and (B) is 'social norms'
C) (A) is 'formal sanctions' and (B) is 'legal norms'

Question 7

What is a synonym for "internalized norms"?

A) internal sanctions
B) moral norms
C) values

Question 8

What is another word for "laws"?

A) legal norms
B) social norms
C) norms

Question 9

In which of the following situations is it most likely that people do not obey to legal norms?

A) When the legal authorities strongly monitors its citizens and sanctions are high
B) When people's expected formal sanctions are low
C) When the social norms are in line with the legal norms

Question 10

A certain condition in which rational self-interest behaviour results in a collective problem, because individuals are tempted to free-ride has different names. What is not a term to describe the aformentioned condition?

A) a cooperation problem
B) a coordination problem
C) a social dilemma

Question 11

What is the main difference between injunctive norms and descriptive norms?

A) violating injunctive norms leads to sanctions, while violating descriptive norms does not necessarily so
B) injunctive norms specify what people are expected to do in certain circumstances, while descriptive norms do not
C) Injunctive norms can solve collective problems, while descriptive norms can not

Question 12

Descriptive norms are called 'decrees' when:

A) descriptive norms emerge 'endogenously'
B) descriptive norms emerge 'exogenously'
C) descriptive norms emerge through bottom-up processes

Question 13

Cultural maladaption refers to:

A) the emergence of diverse norms and opinions in a population
B) the absence of norms
C) the existence of norms and opinions which do not fit their social environment well

Question 14

What is not an explanation for cultural maladaption?

A) cultural inertia
B) pluralistic ignorance
C) coordination problems

Question 15

The existence of a time-lag between changing social conditions and adapting new norms and opinions that are better suited to the new conditions refers to the concept of:

A) pluralistic ignorance
B) cultural inertia
C) cultural maladaption

Question 16

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon that:

A) people conform to the opinions of their social environment
B) people are less likely to help people in a critical situation when passive observers are present
C) people adjust their behavior to what is expected from high status figures

Question 17

The idea that people dare not to express their preferences as they believe they deviate from the majority opinion is called:

A) dominant strategy
B) spiral of silence
C) bystander effect