Deck 14: The Immediate Post Schools Era

Question 1

The immediate post-schools era was a period of decline in interdisciplinary research and in the extramural sponsorship of psychological research.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

During the immediate post-schools era, there was substantial growth both in applied empirical psychology and especially in the professional practice of psychology.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Logical positivism argued that science must avoid trying to deal with pseudoproblems.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The use of converging operations and operational triangulation was consistent with the tenets of philosophical or prescriptive operationism.

Question 5

Studies of life span development, as well as experimental efforts to test psychoanalytic concepts, were undertaken during the immediate post-schools era.

Question 6

Empirical studies of such phenomena as attitudes, the effects of group pressure, and prejudice are examples of the spread of the empirical method into social psychology.

Question 7

The discovery of "pleasure centers" and of motion and line detectors in the brain did not occur until after the modern development of sophisticated brain scan techniques such as PET scans, CAT scans, and fMRI.

Question 8

Support for clinical psychology by the Veterans Administration declined rather sharply during the immediate post-schools era.

Question 9

The supply of well-trained practicing psychologists during the post-schools era continued to be increasingly insufficient to meet consumer demand.

Question 10

During the immediate post-schools era, psychology became progressively a less unified discipline.

Question 11

Which of the following methods is an example of the strategy of descriptive operationism?

A) both c and d
B) prescriptive operational definition
C) converging operations
D) operational triangulation

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an advance in the empirical study of personality?

A) Sears' experimental study of the psychoanalytic concept of projection
B) Tversky's and Kahnemann's work on decision making
C) Olds' discovery of pleasure centers in the brain
D) Osgood's semantic differential

Question 13

The psychological treatment of war veterans for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during and following World War II was

A) none of these
B) one of the productive applications of information theory
C) a major application of Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance
D) a significant result of the growth of humanistic psychology

Question 14

Herbert Simon's computer model of problem solving

A) none of these
B) used a sophisticated version of factor analysis
C) was based on Bandura's social learning theory
D) grew out of the increasing sophistication in the use of computers in the statistical analysis of research data

Question 15

Which of the following can be considered examples of an "active" model of human nature?

A) all of them
B) Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance
C) Heider's analysis of person cognition
D) Bandura's social learning theory

Question 16

Milgram's study of following orders and Zimbardo's prison study both

A) demonstrated the power of the social environment to generate destructive behavior
B) were examples of the spread of the empirical method into psychoanalysis
C) made extensive use of the growing sophistication of computer models of psychological phenomena
D) all of these

Question 17

During the immediate post-schools era, humanistic psychology became

A) a "third force" in psychology in addition to behaviorism and psychoanalysis
B) demonstrated its effectiveness as a method for dealing with psychopathology
C) developed numerous journals for reporting the results of empirical studies in humanistic psychology
D) became a major focus in the new APA ethics codes

Question 18

Among the figures in the spread of the empirical method to almost all areas of psychology during the post-schools era were

A) Hubel and Wiesel, Osgood, McClelland, and Neisser
B) Rogers, May, Maslow, and Sartre
C) Kierkegaard, Buber, and Piaget
D) Lightner Witmer, Rorschach, Mach, and Külpe

Question 19

Sigmund Koch's characterization of the field as "the psychological disciplines" captures the development of

A) the fragmentation of psychology
B) the growing integration of the natural science, social science, and practice aspects of the field
C) the decrease in the number of functioning APA divisions
D) the ubiquitous use of computers in psychology

Question 20

During the immediate post-schools era, the APA

A) continued to revise its detailed codes of ethics for psychologists
B) went on record in support of the claim of humanistic psychologists that the scientific method degrades human nature
C) advocated the use of computers in the systems approach to psychological research
D) adopted the experimental method as the strategy of choice in psychological research

Question 21

What has been the impact of computers on psychology?

Question 22

What influence did the two world wars have on the practice of psychology?

Question 23

What was the influence of the quantification trend on psychology during the post-schools era?

Question 24

How substantial is the evidential base for humanistic psychology?

Question 25

Which of Muenzinger's eight trends were still in evidence during the immediate post-schools era?

Question 26

What was the main philosophical predecessor of the operationist movement in psychology?

Question 27

How did David McClelland try to do significant empirical research on the psychology of complex human motivation?

Question 28

What was Charles Osgood's contribution to the empirical study of meaning?

Question 29

What change in graduate education for the practice of psychology occurred during the post-schools era?

Question 30

What became the major focus of experimental psychology during the post-schools era?
Viewable by instructor only
Answers to short answer questions for Chapter 14: The Immediate Post Schools Era

Question 31

Sketch the growth of the practice of psychology during the twentieth century.

Question 32

Compare and contrast prescriptive and descriptive operationism.

Question 33

What influence did the two World Wars have on the practice of psychology?

Question 34

Describe some contributions of psychological practice in areas other than mental health.

Question 35

What are the pros and cons of the "fragmentation" of psychology during the post-schools era?

Question 36

Compare and contrast the natural-science, social-science, and practice orientations to psychology.

Question 37

What has been the main objection of humanistic psychologists to the rest of the field?

Question 38

What developments during the immediate post-schools era can be considered to display Muenzinger's trend of quantification?

Question 39

What were some of the "active models of human nature" that were proposed during the post-schools era?

Question 40

Who were some of the contributors to what has become known as "humanistic psychology?"