Deck 6: Developmental Disorders

Question 1

The development of a child will depend considerably on the environment, which will include the following, except:

A)The biochemistry of the amniotic fluid in the womb
B)Nutrition
C)Quality of living space
D)Socially and intellectually stimulating experiences
E)Inheritance factors

Answer 1

Inheritance factors

Question 2

People with autism have core impairments of the following: (I) emotions; (II) communication; (III) social ability; (IV) imagination

A)I, II, IV
B)I, II, III
C)I, III, IV
D)II, III, IV
E)None of the above

Answer 2

II, III, IV

Question 3

A diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome might be warranted when:

A)There is learning disability and language delay
B)Intelligence is in the normal range and there is no sign of language delay
C)There is learning disability but no sign of language delay
D)Intelligence is in the normal range but there is language delay
E)Intelligence is in the superior range and there is no sign of language delay

Answer 3

Intelligence is in the normal range and there is no sign of language delay

Question 4

It has been found that autism is not caused by: (I) emotionally cold parenting; (II) measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunization; (III) genetic factors; (IV) environmental factors

A)I, II
B)I, III
C)I, IV
D)II, III
E)III, IV

Question 5

Which of the following is not true about ADHD?

A)People with ADHD can be impulsive
B)ADHD occurs in around 2-3% of children
C)ADHD is more common in boys than girls
D)People with ADHD have difficulty focusing their attention on a particular task
E)ADHD is caused entirely by diet, particularly food additives

Question 6

The core features of ADHD include:

A)Hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and low intelligence
B)Inattention, hyperactivity, and low intelligence
C)Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
D)Inattention, impulsiveness, and low intelligence
E)Hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and high intelligence

Question 7

Which of the following is not true about the frontal lobes of the brain?

A)The frontal lobe is associated with speech conprehension
B)Inattention and hyperactivity can be caused by damage to the frontal lobes
C)Damage to the frontal lobes of the brain is called "frontal syndrome"
D)The frontal lobe is notably well developed in humans compared with other species
E)The frontal lobe controls mental activity, a process known as executive function

Question 8

People with ADHD have difficulty with delayed reward or gratification, which could explain their impulsivity and unwillingness to wait patiently for their turn in games, this is most appropriately explained by the:

A)Unsatisfying rewards given
B)Underdeveloped cognitive processes
C)Underdeveloped executive function
D)Disorder at a motivational level
E)Being spoilt by parents

Question 9

According to Saviouk et al. (2011), the level of correlation between genetic relatedness and severity of features leads to the estimate that ADHD is ___ % heritable.

A)75
B)70
C)65
D)60
E)55

Question 10

Which of the drugs below is commonly used to treat ADHD?

A)Tobacco
B)Ritalin
C)Opiate
D)Accretropin
E)Alcohol

Question 11

According to Denkla (2006), children with Tourette syndrome are at risk of developing the broader features of:

A)Williams syndrome
B)Down's syndrome
C)Autism
D)Fragile X
E)ADHD

Question 12

Which is false about Tourette syndrome?

A)Sometimes co-occurs with obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)Found in about 1% of population
C)More common in boys than girls, with a ratio of about 4 : 1
D)The most common sign of Tourette syndrome is tics
E)Tourette syndrome is caused by bad parenting

Question 13

Which of the following about Fragile X is true? (I) occurs at the rate of 1 per 3600 females; (II) associated with some aspects of impaired neurological development; (III) associated with difficulties in intellectual and social functioning; (IV) has a genetic basis in the form of abnormality in the Y chromosome

A)I, II
B)I, III
C)I, IV
D)II, III
E)III, IV

Question 14

What is the difference between Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Pragmatic Language Impairment (PLI)?

A)SLI cannot be accounted for by subtle neurological abnormality whereas PLI is accounted for by brain damage
B)SLI is a disorder of speaking that is explained by hearing impairments but PLI cannot be explained by hearing impairments
C)SLI is apparent with children's delay in mastering the basic rules of grammar whereas PLI is a disorder in the social use of language
D)A child with SLI will have difficult forming the past tense or the plural form of verbs whereas a child with PLI would have no problem in understanding common words
E)A child with SLI has specific difficulty in processing language whereas a child with PLI has specific difficulty in processing spatial information

Question 15

Echolalia, where children seem to automatically echo words or phrases that are spoken to them, is prevalent in children with:

A)Tourette syndrome
B)PLI
C)Dyslexia
D)Fragile X
E)Williams syndrome

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about developmental dyslexia?

A)Children who have this disorder have marked difficulty in reading and in spelling that is not explained by generally poor ability
B)Children who have this disorder have marked difficulty in reading and in spelling that is explained by generally poor ability
C)Children who have this disorder have marked difficulty in reading but not in spelling
D)Children who have this disorder have marked difficulty in spelling but not in reading
E)Children who have this disorder are particularly good at arithmetic

Question 17

What is the difference between developmental dyslexia and acquired dyslexia (alexia)?

A)There is no difference. They are just different names for the same thing
B)Developmental dyslexia results from brain injury whereas alexia has a genetic basis
C)Alexia is influenced by environmental factors whereas dyslexia is not
D)Alexia results from brain injury whereas developmental dyslexia has a genetic basis
E)Alexia is a clinical disorder whereas developmental dyslexia is a term used in common language that has no clinical status

Question 18

What is a transparent language?

A)A transparent language is one where the letters that form words have an inconsistent pronunciation
B)A transparent language is one where the letters that form words have consistent pronunciation
C)English is an example of a transparent language
D)Dyslexia is more common in transparent than in non-transparent languages
E)The transparency of a language is not relevant to the pronunciation of words

Question 19

Which of the following is not a clue as to whether a child is dyslexic?

A)They typically struggle to identify how many syllables are in a word and to find rhyming words
B)They struggle to learn the alphabet despite putting in lots of effort
C)The child has hearing impairments
D)They might confuse left with right and before with after
E)The child stutters

Question 20

What did Rodriguez et al.'s (2010) article reveal?

A)Left-handed people are not at greater risk of having disorders associated with language development
B)Left-handed people are at greater risk of having disorders associated with language development
C)Right-handed people are not at greater risk of having disorders associated with language development
D)Right-handed people are at greater risk of having disorders associated with language development
E)People with unilateral hemispheric dominance are at risk of having disorders associated with language development

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of people with autism?

A)People with autism lack common sense
B)People with autism are very good in their pretend play
C)Many children with autism show signs of genius
D)People with autism have core impairments in communication and social ability
E)People with autism prefer routines and do not like unpredictable events

Question 22

Which of the following is a myth regarding autism?

A)Autism is caused by eating too much junk food
B)Autism has a genetic basis
C)Autism is a common cause of genius
D)Most children with autism have high intelligence
E)Autism is caused by emotionally cold parenting style

Question 23

What did McCann et al.'s (2007) study on ADHD reveal?

A)Children became more hyperactive when they consumed a drink containing preservatives and artificial colour
B)Children became more hyperactive when they consumed a placebo drink
C)There was no difference in the behavior of children regardless of what drink they consumed
D)Children with ADHD tend to develop autism in the later stages of their lives
E)Children became less hyperactive when they consumed a drink containing preservatives and artificial colour

Question 24

The features of ADHD have least overlap with features of which of the following:

A)Pragmatic Language Impairment
B)Autism
C)Specific Language Impairment
D)Down's syndrome
E)Tourette syndrome

Question 25

Which of the following is medically recognized as a treatment of ADHD?

A)Amphetamine
B)Ritalin
C)Cocaine
D)Caffeine
E)Nicotine