Deck 5: Consent With Competence and Without

Question 1

One of the requirements of informed consent is …

A) Information
B) Voluntariness
C) The patient's competence
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Informed consent's voluntariness requirement is compatible with …

A) Coercion, understood as undue influence on the patient
B) Under-disclosing information relevant to the patient's decision
C) Deceiving or misleading the patient about her medical condition
D) None of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In Canterbury v Spence, the court decided that …

A) Mr. Canterbury gave informed consent to Dr. Spence's intervention
B) Dr. Spence pressured Mr. Canterbury to obtain his consent to the intervention
C) Canterbury with insufficient information about the intervention's risk
D) None of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In Storar and Eichner, the New Jersey court decided that …

A) Withdrawing life-prolonging treatment was justified in Storar but not in Eichner
B) Withdrawing life-prolonging treatment was justified in Eichner but not in Storar
C) Withdrawing life-prolonging treatment was justified in both Storar and Eichner
D) None of the above

Question 5

A medical team is presented with a POLST by a previously competent patient refusing a life-prolonging intervention that the team considers medically indicated. What should they do? They should …

A) Follow the POLST
B) Do what the patient's surrogate thinks should be done
C) Seek a court order overriding the POLST
D) All of the above

Question 6

In the US, the prevailing decisionmaking standard for previously competent patients with no advance directive on file recommends prioritizing …

A) A surrogate's determination of what the patient would have wanted
B) What is medically indicated
C) What is in the patient's best interests, as determined in court
D) All of the above

Question 7

The expression "therapeutic privilege" refers to …

A) The patient's right to refuse treatment in a situation
B) The health care provider's right to override patient informed consent in a situation
C) The patient's right to request treatment in a situation
D) None of the above

Question 8

According to the substituted judgment standard, medical decisionmaking for previously competent patients should be based on …

A) The patient's best interest, as determined by the courts
B) What the patient would want if she were competent and fully informed
C) What the medical team deems clinically appropriate
D) None of the above

Question 9

Ashley X's parents sought certain medical interventions for Ashley as a way …

A) To manage their child's disabilities
B) To give Ashley an appearance more congruous with her mental age
C) To protect Ashley from potential sexual abuse by caregivers
D) All of the above

Question 10

Given the sliding-scale decisionmaking standard for patients with diminished competence …

A) No patient may justifiably refuse a noninvasive treatment
B) Only a clearly incompetent patient may justifiably refuse a noninvasive treatment
C) Only a clearly competent patient may justifiably refuse a noninvasive treatment
D) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following best captures the relation of informed consent with moral theories? That it can be supported by …

A) Utilitarian reasons
B) Kantian reasons
C) Virtue-ethics reasons
D) All of the above

Question 12

From the ethical perspective, seeking merely a patient's consent for a medical procedure is not enough. Why? Because the patient's authorization must be …

A) Knowledgeable
B) Informed
C) Voluntary
D) All of the above

Question 13

Why is understanding a condition for informed consent? Because …

A) Without understanding, patients cannot make autonomous choices on important matters concerning their health
B) Health care providers have the duty to honor medical confidentiality
C) Health care providers have the duty to disclose to patients information about important matters concerning their health
D) All of the above

Question 14

Where patient autonomy is respected …

A) Patients have the right to refuse treatment
B) Patients have the right to receive the treatment they request
C) Health care providers must always disclose information to the patient
D) All of the above

Question 15

Given current understanding of informed consent, which of the following criteria have been proposed for valid consent in the absence of confidence?

A) Advance directives
B) The patient's best interests
C) Substituted judgment
D) All of the above

Question 16

What are the elements of informed consent, and why are they necessary?

Question 17

From the medical team's perspective, what is the difference between refusals and requests for treatment?

Question 18

Define 'therapeutic privilege' and give an example where it seems justified.

Question 19

How may medical decisions be made for previously competent patients?

Question 20

Why do children count as the 'never competent' for medical decisionmaking? How might valid consent to treatment be given or withheld for them?