Deck 14: The Truth Revealed: Enlightenment and Practical Civility Minimize Criminality

Question 1

Enlightenment is an ancient concept articulated as "Know Thyself" by:

A) Morris and Tonry
B) von Hirsch
C) Spinoza
D) Socrates

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Enlightened criminal justice students should be able to do which of the following?

A) serve society
B) obey the law
C) sacrifice time and effort for the betterment of fellow human beings
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not part of being an enlightened criminal justice student?

A) concern for both theory building and research methods
B) acting as a philosopher of criminal justice
C) professional loyalty to friends and superiors
D) a focus on the common good

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to the text, enlightened thinking is widely assumed to be:

A) vertical
B) horizontal
C) diagonal
D) none of the above

Question 5

According to the text, enlightened criminal justice professors are:

A) everywhere
B) misinformed
C) common
D) rare

Question 6

The focus of the book is on two fundamental concepts

A) expanding enlightenment and minimizing civility
B) expanding enlightenment and maximizing civility
C) contracting enlightenment and maximizing civility
D) contracting enlightenment and minimizing civility

Question 7

In the case of George Zimmerman's shooting of Trayvon Martin in 2012:

A) Zimmerman was never tried.
B) Zimmerman was found guilty.
C) Zimmerman was found not guilty.
D) Zimmerman was given the death penalty.

Question 8

In The Managerial Choice, Frederick Herzberg stated that leaders and managers:

A) control organizational goals and decisions
B) can demoralize employees by engaging in unjust or deceptive actions
C) contribute heavily to practitioner behavior
D) all of the above

Question 9

In his book titled, The Moral Sense, which attribute did James Q. Wilson say describes a civil person?

A) they are fair and sympathetic in dealing with others
B) they always make the right choice
C) they are smarter than others
D) they enjoy short-term success over long-term goals

Question 10

The story of the Finnish Vice president involved:

A) giving a gift to the Pope
B) giving a reception to honor the U.S. president
C) eating lunch with and giving a ride to a foreign guest in his country
D) none of the above

Question 11

At Karl Donitz's trial, Admiral Chester Nimitz:

A) refused to speak
B) told the prosecutor that the Court could not handle the truth
C) testified on behalf of his famous rival
D) testified on behalf of his long-time friend

Question 12

David Brooks stated that character involves possession of which of the following attributes?

A) courage
B) honesty
C) pursuing a sense of vocation
D) all of the above

Question 13

David Brooks stated that there are two types of life virtues, one of which is resume virtues. What is the other?

A) career-driven virtues
B) financial virtues
C) virtues such as love and compassion
D) eulogy virtues

Question 14

According to the book, which type of crime affects millions of Americans, but remains understudied?

A) white-collar crime
B) aggravated assault
C) driving crimes
D) murder

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the issue of race in the criminal justice system?

A) It is still a factor even decades after the Civil Rights Movement.
B) Some (e.g., Alexander) claim that the criminal justice system is actually racist.
C) One solution is to reduce prison sentences and life sentences.
D) all of the above

Question 16

To develop a state of enlightenment in your mind, it is necessary to:

A) dare to think for oneself.
B) focus on the unseen rather than the seen.
C) think horizontally, for example, on the community.
D) all of the above

Question 17

For the last 30 years, the criminal justice system in the U.S. has emphasized:

A) rehabilitation
B) the Good Lives Model
C) seeing the offender as a criminal to be apprehended and punished
D) none of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is false about President Dwight David Eisenhower?

A) He was ready to accept responsibility if the Normandy invasion (D-Day) had failed.
B) He did not want to appear smarter than others.
C) He tried to take sole credit for the success of D-Day in World War II.
D) none of the above

Question 19

Professional loyalty can only be to which of the following?

A) family
B) friends
C) humanity and democratic principles
D) hobbies

Question 20

Alongside the rise of philosophers during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there was also an increasing focus on what principle related to enlightened thinking?

A) reasoning
B) war
C) modernizing cities
D) financial success

Question 21

The book indicated that from a utilitarian approach, which ideology seems to have the most positive outcomes for offenders?

A) punitive
B) humanistic
C) rational
D) both a and c

Question 22

Plato thought that without reasoning, no other virtue matters.

Question 23

Enlightenment is a distinctively higher threshold of thinking.

Question 24

Perspective three: Thinking horizontally-community, country, and world, charges individuals to treat others with kindness and respect.

Question 25

David Brooks argues that resume virtues provide more satisfaction than eulogy virtues.

Question 26

In exercising practical civility at the Houston airport, the professor elected to not stop and help because the couple in need was rude to him.

Question 27

White-collar crime only impacts the rich.

Question 28

According to Aristotle, the most important human institution is the church (organized religion).

Question 29

Criminal justice will always involve some degree of punitiveness.

Question 30

For policies grounded in ethical theories to work, there must be ethical individuals on the front lines.

Question 31

White-collar crime can be committed by doctors, universities, and corporations, among other institutions.

Question 32

The book presents three perspectives for developing a state of enlightenment in your mind. How useful might these steps be if presented to law enforcement during their training? Do you believe it would result in different resolutions of potentially dangerous situations? Could there be negative consequences for emphasizing an enlightened mind for criminal justice actors? Explain

Question 33

David Brooks presented the idea that humans have two sides: Adam I and Adam II, that is, resume virtues and eulogy virtues. One is focused primarily on career and ambition, the other emphasizes moral qualities and development of a sense of what is right and wrong. Should one strive to balance these two ideals? Is it plausible to solely focus on Adam II and largely neglect Adam I? Discuss in some detail the benefits and drawbacks of both scenarios.

Question 34

Why is it important for both criminal justice students and criminal justice professors to embody an enlightened mindset? How could focusing on academic interests benefit one over other fascinating experiences, like driving fast cars or "war stories" from criminal justice professionals? If professors are not "enlightened," how might this cause their viewpoints to be limited in scope or discriminatory, which may have a negative impact on students? Explain.

Question 35

Along with operating under an enlightened mindset, the book also emphasized practicing civility. James Q. Wilson, James O'Toole, George Washington, and David Brooks all presented multifaceted approaches to functioning with practical civility. Discuss each in some detail, and also address how each author's concepts may intersect to help achieve the overarching goal of practicing civility.