Deck 3: Basic Statistics

Question 1

Slight changes in some scores will probably not affect the:

A) mean.
B) standard deviation.
C) median.
D) variance.
E) standard score.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A basketball team played ten games at home, ten games on the road, and 12 games on a neutral court. The coach wanted to know if there was a statistically significant difference in the offensive point production in the three settings. To make this determination, the appropriate statistical test would be:

A) t-test for independent samples.
B) t-test for dependent samples.
C) simple analysis of variance.
D) two-way analysis of variance.
E) multiple regression analysis.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Three groups of adult women engaged in a 12-week exercise program designed to help them lose weight. Group A participated in aerobic dance five times weekly, Group B did resistance weight training five times weekly, and Group C did aerobic dance three times weekly and resistance weight training twice a week. At the start and the end of the exercise program, the exercise leader weighed the participants and recorded their weights. To ascertain if there were statistically significant differences in

A) t-test for independent samples.
B) t-test for dependent samples.
C) simple analysis of variance.
D) two-way analysis of variance.
E) multiple regression analysis.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A group of students completes the 12-minute run prior to a six-week jogging unit. At the end of the unit, the 12-minute run test is administered a second time. The instructor is interested in knowing if there is a statistically significant difference in the results of the two tests. To answer this question, the appropriate statistical test would be:

A) t-test for independent samples.
B) t-test for dependent samples.
C) simple analysis of variance.
D) two-way analysis of variance.
E) multiple regression analysis.

Question 5

A correlation coefficient of −.68 was calculated between body weight and the number of push-ups a person can do. Which statement would be most correct?

A) Generally, heavy people can do few push-ups.
B) Obesity causes it to be difficult to do push-ups.
C) Generally, lighter people can do fewer push-ups.
D) Low body weight is related with low push-up scores.
E) High body weight is related with high push-up scores.

Question 6

Which of these correlation coefficients indicates the smallest amount of shared variance?

A) +0.91
B) −0.47
C) −1.23
D) +0.17
E) +1.33

Question 7

The correlation between Tests A and B is .34. The correlation between Tests A and C is .68. Which of the following statements is correct?

A) The relationship between A and C is twice as strong as the relationship between A and B.
B) The relationship between A and C is higher than the relationship between A and B.
C) A student receiving a high score on Test A will receive a higher score on Test C than on Test B.
D) Tests A and C measure the same ability.
E) A student will score about the same on Test B and Test C.

Question 8

If there is a negative relationship between two physical measures:

A) the relationship is quite small.
B) the two physical measures are unrelated.
C) the value of one measure decreases as the value of the other decreases.
D) the value of one measure increases as the value of the other decreases.
E) none of the above statements are correct.

Question 9

If a normal distribution of scores has a mean of 55 and a standard deviation of 10, what range of values would contain 99.73% of the scores?

A) 25-85
B) 35-75
C) 30-80
D) 45-65
E) not possible to determine from the information given.

Question 10

In a normal distribution having a mean of 53.0 and a standard deviation of 7.0, the estimated value of the median would likely be:

A) 46.0.
B) approximately the same as the mean.
C) 60
D) not possible to estimate from the information given.

Question 11

The percentage of scores falling between the mean and a +1 deviation unit on a normal distribution is approximately:

A) 14%.
B) 34%.
C) 58%.
D) 68%.
E) 95%.

Question 12

When using a two-way ANOVA, each subject must take the same test on two different occasions.

Question 13

When ratio data are involved, the following measure(s) of central tendency can be used:

A) mean and median.
B) mode and median.
C) mode, median, and mean.
D) mean only.
E) median only.

Question 14

When ordinal data are involved, the following measure(s) of central tendency can be used:

A) mean and median.
B) mode and media.
C) mode, median, and mean.
D) mean only.
E) median only.

Question 15

When a frequency distribution is severely skewed to the right,

A) the mode is the same as the mean.
B) the mean is the most appropriate measure of central tendency.
C) the mode is the most appropriate measure of central tendency.
D) the median and the mean will be approximately in the same place in the distribution.
E) the median is the most appropriate measure of central tendency.

Question 16

The sum of deviations around the mean:

A) is usually a negative number.
B) depends on the number of scores.
C) depends on the range of scores.
D) is one.
E) is zero.

Question 17

If nine scores have a mean of 11, what is the sum of the scores?

A) 121
B) 81
C) 99
D) 11
E) not possible to calculate from information given.

Question 18

Use the following data to answer this question: 10, 9, 7, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1. What is the mode for this distribution?

A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 5.5
E) not possible to calculate from information given.

Question 19

Use the following data to answer this question: 10, 9, 7, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1. What is the median for this distribution?

A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 5.5
E) not possible to calculate from information given.

Question 20

Use the following data to answer this question: 10, 9, 7, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1. What measure of central tendency would change most if the highest score were 25 instead of 10?

A) range.
B) mean.
C) median.
D) mode.
E) standard deviation.

Question 21

Use the following data to answer this question: 10, 9, 7, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1. What is the rank of the score 7 in this distribution?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 3.5
D) 6
E) 4

Question 22

When scores are to be handled in an ungrouped distribution, what is the recommended arrangement?

A) placed into high, middle, and low categories
B) depends on the type of test
C) similar scores placed next to each other
D) no particular arrangement is necessary
E) ordered from best to worst

Question 23

The least important consideration factor in making the decision to work with data in a grouped or an ungrouped distribution is:

A) the availability of a hand calculator.
B) the number of data involved.
C) the test from which the data were obtained.
D) the degree of accuracy required.
E) the number of students taking the test.

Question 24

The numbers on football jerseys are an example of the:

A) nominal scale.
B) ordinal scale.
C) interval scale.
D) ratio scale.
E) normative scale.

Question 25

A temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit is an example of the:

A) nominal scale.
B) ordinal scale.
C) interval scale.
D) ratio scale.
E) normative scale.

Question 26

Graphic presentation of data consisting of a series of bars or rectangles whose widths are the lengths of the data intervals and whose heights are the corresponding frequencies are appropriately referred to as:

A) histograms.
B) scattergrams.
C) frequency polygons.
D) ogive curves.
E) bar graphs.

Question 27

Testing four groups with a pretest and posttest would require the use of a two-way ANOVA statistic.

Question 28

Predicting a person's weight based on height, shoe size, and waist circumference would be an example of using a multiple regression formula.

Question 29

Multiple regression equations allow the user to predict multiple scores based on a single measurement.

Question 30

Data that are at the interval level of measurement are more precise than ratio-level data.

Question 31

Any change in any score of a group of data (N = 200) will change the value of the mean.

Question 32

The Pearson Product correlation procedure requires that data be at least ordinal in nature.

Question 33

The standard deviation is considered a descriptive statistic.

Question 34

The standard deviation is considered a terminal statistic.

Question 35

If all scores in a distribution are equal, the standard deviation would be zero.

Question 36

The mean should be used when reporting wages in order to avoid undue influence of extremes in salary.

Question 37

In order to make statements such as 8 units is twice as much as 4 units, the ratio scale of measurement is required.

Question 38

Lining students up according to height without actually measuring height represents the interval scale of measurement.

Question 39

A graphic representation of a distribution of scores that is skewed to the right is often normally distributed.

Question 40

The mode is representative of the 50th percentile.

Question 41

A simple ANOVA is a statistical measure used to determine differences between three sets of scores.

Question 42

A t-test can be used to determine statistically significant differences between two sets of scores.

Question 43

A t-test is a statistical measure that should be used when there is a high correlation between more than two sets of scores.

Question 44

A t-test is a statistical measure that should be used when there is a high correlation between two sets of scores.

Question 45

Percentile ranks are a form of standard score.

Question 46

Simple regression formulas should be developed when the correlation coefficient between two sets of scores falls between −.5 and +.5.

Question 47

High correlation coefficients never prove causation.

Question 48

A z-score of +1 is equivalent to a T-score of 50.

Question 49

Generally a T-score is derived from a z-score.

Question 50

Standard scores are an example of an ordinal level of measurement.

Question 51

Standard scores allow meaningful comparisons to be made from raw scores of different types of measurement.

Question 52

The standard deviation is a measure of the spread of the middle 50% of the scores.

Question 53

Calculate the mean for the data listed below.
53, 52, 50, 49, 48, 47, 43, 41, 38, 37
_

Question 54

Calculate the mean for the simple frequency distribution below.

Question 55

Calculate the mean for the data listed below in the grouped frequency distribution.

Question 56

For the following set of data representing basketball shots made in one minute, calculate the standard deviation.

Question 57

From the data below on the 600-yard walk-run test (time in seconds), calculate the standard deviation.

Question 58

For the data listed below, complete the following:

Question 59

-Using the set of data above, what is the exact percentile rank of the score of 10?

Question 60

-Using the set of data above, what is the score corresponding to the percentile rank of 70%?

Question 61

-Given a set of data with a mean of 25.7 and standard deviation of 5.2, calculate the z-score of the following raw scores.

Question 62

-Using the normal distribution table in your textbook, what is the equivalent percentile rank of each of the scores above?

Question 63

-Calculate the T-scores for the raw scores listed in #3.

Question 64

-What percentage of scores is higher than a z-score of .34?

Question 65

-What percentage of scores lies between the z-scores of −.12 and .75?

Question 66

-What percentage of scores lies between the z-scores of .33 and 2.15?

Question 67

-What percentage of scores lies between the z-scores of −.15 and −.75?

Question 68

-In a 100-meter run, a sprinter covered the distance in 10.5 seconds. Out of thirty sprinters, the mean time was 10.9 seconds and the standard deviation was .30 seconds. What is the equivalent z-score for this performance?

Question 69

A physical education instructor administered a leadership aptitude survey and ranked the scores (X) of the 15 students. A tennis tournament was held for the same students and their order of finish is shown below (Y). Calculate the correlation between leadership aptitude and the finish in the tennis tournament.

Question 70

A group was tested to see how many sit-ups could be executed in 30 seconds. They were tested on Wednesday and again on Friday to check the reliability of the scores. Calculate the correlation coefficients for the two sets of sit-up scores.

Question 71

-For the data listed above, find the following:

Question 72

-What score from a group of scores having a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 6 corresponds to a z-score of −1.5?

Question 73

-On which of the following tests did Sarah perform best?

Question 74

-A pupil obtains a raw score of 41 on a test with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 6. What is the corresponding T-score?

Question 75

-What T-score value is associated with a raw score of 15 from a group of scores having a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 10?

Question 76

-Approximately what percentile rank is associated with a score located one standard deviation above the mean in a normal distribution?

Question 77

$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \boldsymbol { X } & \boldsymbol { f } \\\hline & \\\hline 17 & 2 \\\hline 16 & 4 \\\hline 15 & 5 \\\hline 14 & 7 \\\hline 13 & 7 \\\hline 12 & 8 \\\hline 11 & 10 \\\hline 10 & 9 \\\hline 9 & 5 \\\hline 8 & 3 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-Which of the following measures represents the highest degree of relative performance?

A) 75th percentile
B) T-score of 72
C) z-score of 1.5
D) raw score of 85 (mean = 78; s.d. = 8.3)

Question 78

-A student runs the 50-yard dash in 6.1 seconds. If the mean is 6.52 and the standard deviation is .25, what is the student's z-score?

Question 79

-If 40 of the 120 scores in a distribution fall below a score of 50, what is the percentile rank of this score?

Question 80

-For the data listed below, calculate the correlation coefficient between pull-ups and chin-ups using the appropriate statistical method.