Deck 2: Crime and Punishment in History

Question 1

The prison is a relatively modern invention

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Why did the idea of supervision of offenders arise?

Answer 2

'Probation' has its origins in the Victorian temperance movement and what were then known as police court missionaries and new laws also gave the courts greater supervisory powers over juvenile offenders.

Question 3

What is the difference between: 'imprisonment' and 'penal servitude' ?

Answer 3

By the mid-nineteenth century incarceration had become the major sanction for dealing with adult offenders. In essence it took two forms: 'imprisonment' where sentences of up to two years were served in a local prison; and 'penal servitude' where sentences were five years or more and were served in a convict prison such as Millbank or Pentonville.

Question 4

What did the German sociologist Norbert Elias refers to as the 'civilising process'?

Question 5

To what does the 'Bloody Code' refer?

A)Capital punishment
B)the large number of statutes passed during the eighteenth century which contained the penalty of death
C)the 1752 Murder Act

Question 6

During the period between 1850 and 1950 the army could 'read the riot act' and this would mean that:

A)people could wave a white flag to indicate they were not part of the protest
B)after one hour the offence of 'riot' became punishable by death
C)a magistrate would actually read part of the 1715 Act
D)protesters would have one hour in which to disperse

Question 7

Which of the following are known as approaches to police history?

A)Whig
B)Orthodox
C)Revisionist
D)Radical
E)Hard cop

Question 8

Police forces of the nineteenth century gradually acquired a very broad array of functions, including:

A)fire and ambulance services
B)helping to deliver babies
C)controlling traffic
D)licensing and regulating cabs

Question 9

During the medieval period a form of neighbourhood watch existed and their duties were to:

A)raise a 'hue and cry'
B)make sure all cattle and sheep were branded
C)help to keep the peace
D)monitor the morals of all young women in the village

Question 10

What year was the post of public prosecutor created?

A)1110
B)1500
C)1879
D)1969

Question 11

By 1950 public trust in policing was extremely high due to:

A)the end of the second world war
B)the election of a new Government
C)the acquisition of legitimacy by an institution that was both widely resisted and largely distrusted when first introduced
D)declining faith in the idea of rehabilitation

Question 12

Peel's 'new police' officers were dressed in blue to:

A)make them all look the same
B)save money
C)help remain hidden at night
D)distinguish them from the scarlet of the military

Question 13

In what year was the 'new police' established by Sir Robert Peel?

A)1789
B)1829
C)1910
D)1939

Question 14

What period saw the establishment the formal criminal justice system we know today?

A)between the mid-sixteenth and mid eighteenth centuries
B)the medieval period
C)1066 onwards
D)the Victorian era

Question 15

Keeping order and in preventing and investigating crime we have always relied upon a police force, or something that looks like a police force.

Question 16

There was a substantial prison-building programme at the end of the eighteenth century.

Question 17

After the War of Independence in the 1770s, America no longer represented a potential destination for Britain's convicts and so they were housed in large 'hulks' moored off the south coast of England.

Question 18

All sections of the community welcomed the 'new police'

Question 19

Although property crimes rose in the second half of the eighteenth century and were significantly higher at the close of the century than they were at its beginning, by contrast, homicide appears to drop markedly. Why was this?