Deck 3: Theoretical Perspectives

Question 1

Jeremy is a very distractible young lad. His teachers have asked for your input as the School Psychologist to assist in helping Jeremy to be more attentive in class. You observe Jeremy in the classroom and note that he is most off‐task when the teacher is assisting other children with their seatwork. Conduct a Functional Behavioral Assessment outlining some of your observations and develop an appropriate Behavioral Intervention Plan for implementation in the classroom.
Answer :

Answer 1

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Question 2

Sarah has always been very fearful of snakes. One day as Sarah was sitting outside under a tree, a snake fell out of the tree and on to her shoulder. She screamed and was terrified. Now Sarah is afraid to sit under any tree or walk under a tree. Using a classical conditioning paradigm, describe how Sarah developed her fear of trees.

Answer 2

Classical conditioning paradigm: Previously conditioned fear US snakes→ UR Fear; Neutral Tree
→ No Response; Conditioning Phase: NS (tree) + US snake→ Fear UR; CS tree→ Fear CS

Question 3

Jonathan is a typical teenager. According to Elkind what two concepts help to understand the resurgence in egocentrism at this time?

Answer 3

personal fable and imaginary audience

Question 4

Willy is a very aggressive ten‐year‐old boy. He bullies children who are younger than he is and he is constantly picking fights with children his own age. Willy's mother takes him to see six different psychologists, each practicing from a different theoretical perspective. Complete the chart below from the perspective of each of the psychologists.

Question 5

Describe the typical experiments that were developed to observe different patterns of attachment behaviors. Name four types of attachment patterns that one might be likely to observe and the types of behaviors these children would exhibit during various phases in the above experimental situation.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the four D's that helps distinguish abnormal from normal behavior?

A) Deviance
B) Depression
C) Dysfunction
D) Distress

Question 7

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Parents who are concerned about the mental well?being of a minor can place the child within a mental health facility, even if the minor refuses, with the consent of a mental health professional.
B) Involuntary commitment falls under the process called civil commitment.
C) There is minimal difference between seeking involuntary commitment for a minor or an adult.
D) Mental health professionals demonstrate relatively poor success ratios for making long? term predictions of violence in clinical patients.

Question 8

Which is not one of the of the three most important challenges facing developmental psychopathology, according to Rutter and Sroufe (2000)?

A) an increased understanding of causal processes that underlay the development of child disorders
B) improved understanding of how DSM criteria match developmental stages
C) how to conceptualize the interplay between genetic and environmental influences
D) addressing issues of continuity and discontinuity with concepts of normality and

Question 9

Early scientists understood localization of function in the brain thorough

A) trephination.
B) phrenology.
C) using lesions to test for loss of human function.
D) the study of naturally occurring brain damage.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines the concept of "pruning"?

A) very rapid growth of neurons in the first two years of life
B) neurons that are not used die off to make way for new connections
C) rapid firing of messages due to myelination
D) the shedding of the fatty sheath to increase conductivity

Question 11

The neurons that are responsible for transmitting messages to organs such as the ears and eyes are called

A) motor neurons.
B) interneurons.
C) neurotransmitters.
D) sensory neurons.

Question 12

George was hit on the head. Ever since his accident, he is not able to recall memories of emotional events and is literally fearless. The area of the brain that is probably damaged is called the

A) basal ganglia.
B) hippocampus.
C) reticular activating system.
D) amygdale.

Question 13

Most individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience problems with planning and social skills. Research has demonstrated less activity in this region of the brain:

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) motor cortex

Question 14

Twins who share the same DNA because one egg was fertilized and then the egg split are called

A) fraternal twins.
B) dizygotic twins.
C) monozygotic twins.
D) uniova twins.

Question 15

DiLalla and Gottesman (1991) published an article about what they believed to be the "Missing ingredient" in Widom's article concerning the cycle of violence. The missing ingredient was

A) failure to consider environmental factors.
B) failure to consider the father's role in violence transmission.
C) failure to consider the mother's role in violence transmission.
D) failure to consider genetic transmission.

Question 16

According to Thomas and Chess (1977) what percentage of babies could be classified in one of three categories (easy, difficult & slow to warm up)?

A) 25%
B) 60%
C) 30%
D) 90%

Question 17

According to Erikson, at what stage would someone likely encounter tasks designed to promote development along the lines of industry vs. inferiority?

A) infancy
B) toddlerhood
C) school aged
D) adolescence

Question 18

A therapist describes a family as having an "enmeshed" style of engagement. This means that the family's boundaries are

A) loose.
B) disengaged.
C) overly involved.
D) overly confining.

Question 19

At which stage of cognitive development would Piaget state that the child is finally able to distinguish appearance from reality?

A) sensorimotor stage
B) concrete operational stage
C) preoperational stage
D) stage of formal operations

Question 20

I place two same?sized glasses of liquid (container A and B) in front of a child and ask: Which has more, or are they the same? The child correctly states that they have the same amount of liquid. I now pour the liquid from container B into container C (a tall thin glass). I now ask the child which has more, container A or C, and the child says, "C has more." You would expect all of the following to be true, except

A) the child is likely around four years of age.
B) the child is incorrect because they are focusing on the appearance rather than the rule.
C) the child is in the concrete stage of development.
D) the child cannot decenter.

Question 21

Which of the following is not part of Bandura's triadic reciprocity?

A) behavior
B) person
C) static models
D) environment

Question 22

Johnny walks onto the playing field and immediately accuses Andy of trying to turn everyone against him. In reality, the peer was only trying to help him get into the group situation by introducing him to a peer. This attributional error of judging others as being aggressive when they have no aggressive intent has been called the

A) personal attribution bias.
B) fundamental attribution error.
C) hostile attribution bias.
D) secondary person error.

Question 23

When the mother leaves, the child ignores her and, when the mother returns, the child pays no attention, but is friendly with the stranger. This type of attachment response is known as

A) secure attachment.
B) anxious/resistant attachment.
C) avoidant attachment.
D) disorganized/disoriented attachment.

Question 24

When the mother leaves, the child is extremely upset. However, when the mother returns, the child is very confused and demonstrates rocking behaviors, trying to approach and withdrawing at the same time. Over several occasions, the researchers have noted no consistent pattern of responses. This type of attachment response is known as

A) secure attachment.
B) anxious /resistant attachment.
C) avoidant attachment.
D) disorganized/disoriented attachment.